JMIR Human Factors最新文献

{"title":"Developing a Novel Mobile App to Support HIV Testing and Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Uptake Among Men Who Have Sex With Men: Formative and Technical Pilot Study.","authors":"Albert Y Liu, Thiago S Torres, Cat-Dancing Alleyne, Janie Vinson, Kelly Bojan, Pedro Alonso Serrano, Temitope Oyedele, Amayvis Garcia, Elizabeth Enriquez-Bruce, Patricia Emmanuel, Jeb Jones, Kathryn E Muessig, Susan P Buchbinder, Patrick Sullivan, Lisa B Hightow-Weidman, Hyman Scott","doi":"10.2196/62830","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2196/62830","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Young sexual minority men (YSMM) are disproportionately impacted by HIV in the United States. HIV or sexually transmitted infection (STI) testing rates and pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) uptake are low in this priority population. Novel strategies are needed to increase access to HIV and STI prevention services among YSMM.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aims to describe the development and assess the feasibility and acceptability of LYNX, a mobile app to increase HIV testing and PrEP uptake among YSMM.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Informed by the Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills model, the LYNX app was refined through 4 iterative focus groups in 2 US cities among YSMM aged 15 to 24 years. The LYNX app includes SexPro, an innovative tool that provides a personalized sexual health protection score, a sex diary to track sexual partners, HIV and STI testing information and reminders, access to home HIV and STI test kits, and geospatial-based testing and PrEP clinic site information. The refined app was then tested for feasibility and acceptability in a 2-month technical pilot. Baseline and 2-month follow-up assessments and exit interviews were completed. Self-reported app acceptability and use based on paradata were reported.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In iterative focus groups among 30 participants (age: mean 20, SD 3 years; Black: 12/30, 40%; Hispanic or Latinx: 13/30, 43%), the app's design was well-received. Participants recommended providing information on how the SexPro score was calculated and how they could improve their score, changes to the language in the sex diary tailored for YSMM, providing a chat feature to facilitate communication between staff and app users, and gamification features to increase overall youth engagement with the app. These recommendations were incorporated into the app. In the technical pilot among 17 participants (age: mean 22.4, SD 1.6 years; Black: 4/17, 24%; Hispanic or Latinx: 8/17, 47%), the mean system usability score was 70 out of 100, falling in the \"good\" range. Use of the app was high over the 2-month pilot (app opened an average of 8.5, SD 8.0 times with an average duration of 3.8, SD 3.2 min/session), indicating good feasibility. The most commonly used features included the testing feature (n=15, 100%), activity calendar (n=14, 93%), and diary (n=13, 86%). Overall, 11 (79%) participants were likely to continue using LYNX, and 10 (71%) participants were likely to recommend it to a friend. In exit interviews, there was a high level of acceptability of the content, interface, and features of the LYNX app.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Following a user-centered design approach, we tailored the LYNX app to increase HIV and STI testing and PrEP uptake among YSMM in the United States. Our positive findings support further testing of this mobile health tool in an upcoming effectiveness trial in broader youth populations.</p><p><strong>Trial reg","PeriodicalId":36351,"journal":{"name":"JMIR Human Factors","volume":"12 ","pages":"e62830"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144175188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Framing the Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence Concepts and Methods: Scoping Review.","authors":"Roberta Bevilacqua, Tania Bailoni, Elvira Maranesi, Giulio Amabili, Federico Barbarossa, Marta Ponzano, Michele Virgolesi, Teresa Rea, Maddalena Illario, Enrico Maria Piras, Matteo Lenge, Elisa Barbi, Garifallia Sakellariou","doi":"10.2196/67350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2196/67350","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>With the rapid expansion of artificial intelligence (AI) applications, researchers have begun focusing on the concept of human-centered artificial intelligence (HCAI). This field is dedicated to designing AI systems that augment and improve human abilities, rather than substituting them.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objective of the paper was to review the information on design principles, techniques, applications, methods, and outcomes adopted in the field of HCAI, in order to provide some insights on the discipline, in relation with the broader concepts of human-centered and user-centered design.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) checklist guidelines, we conducted a scoping review in PubMed, ScienceDirect, and IEEE Xplore, including all study types, excluding narrative reviews and editorials.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of the 1035 studies retrieved, 14 studies conducted between 2018 and 2023 met the inclusion criteria. The main fields of application were the health sector and AI applications. Human-centered design methodologies were adopted in 3 studies, personas in 2 studies, while the remaining methodologies were adopted in individual studies.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>HCAI emphasizes designing AI systems that prioritize human needs, satisfaction, and trustworthiness, but current principles and guidelines are often vague and difficult to implement. The review highlights the importance of involving users early in the development process to enhance trust, especially in fields like health care, but notes that there is a lack of standardized HCAI methodologies and limited practical applications adhering to these principles.</p>","PeriodicalId":36351,"journal":{"name":"JMIR Human Factors","volume":"12 ","pages":"e67350"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144175193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Device Functionalities and Technology Acceptance for Innovations in Neonatal Ventilation and Enhanced, Immediate Newborn Care: International, Multicenter, Web-Based Survey Study.","authors":"Anna-Sophie Käferböck, Meggy Hayotte, Daniel Sieber, Martin Pillei, Martin Wald","doi":"10.2196/64701","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2196/64701","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>A substantial number of newborns face postdelivery respiratory issues annually. Current ventilation devices in immediate newborn care lack integrated sensors and supporting mechanisms for medical professionals. This is a potential field of improvement, as safe ventilation relies on accurate pressure administration in current t-piece resuscitators. As the needed support during the process is currently limited, it highlights the demand for innovations in neonatal ventilation technology to improve efficacy and reduce potential errors.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objective of the study was to facilitate collaboration between medical and engineering experts to evaluate the critical factors for the successful implementation of an innovative ventilation technology in clinical immediate newborn care. Incorporating the views of medical professionals into the survey is expected to offer valuable insights to engineers for subsequent technological refinement.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An international multicenter online survey was conducted among 51 neonatal health care professionals in the DACH region (Germany, Austria, and Switzerland) in order to (1) assess the specific functionalities required in a neonatal ventilation assistant in immediate newborn care from a medical technology viewpoint, (2) characterize the acceptance of such a device as support tool using the extended technology acceptance model, and (3) identify further steps toward integration of such technologies.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>According to the results, a visual representation of the current mask leakage and tidal volume is an essential feature. Integrating alarms in visual rather than audible form when limit values are exceeded is preferable. In contrast, medical professionals ranked an external control using a foot pedal as the least necessary feature. Based on the findings, acceptance constructs of the neonatal ventilation technology were moderately scored. Perceived usefulness (β=.76, P<.001) was the main predictor of the behavioral intention to use such a supportive instrument.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>There is an evident willingness to integrate sophisticated support techniques into a neonatal ventilation device for immediate newborn care.</p>","PeriodicalId":36351,"journal":{"name":"JMIR Human Factors","volume":"12 ","pages":"e64701"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144175190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Innovative Digital Cognitive Behavioral Treatment for Insomnia Disorder in Adults (dCBT-i): Framework Development.","authors":"Emilie Stern, Severine Brune, Stéphane Mouchabac, Anthony Dubroc, Charles de la Personne, Pierre Alexis Geoffroy","doi":"10.2196/70193","DOIUrl":"10.2196/70193","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Chronic insomnia, or insomnia disorder, is a major health issue with a prevalence of up to 15%. The recommended first-line treatment is cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-i), which, unfortunately, remains insufficiently accessible. Digitalization has the potential to reduce health care access inequalities by offering more flexible and accessible care options. Digital CBT-i (dCBT-i) has been shown to be as effective as in-person CBT-i, highlighting its potential for broader implementation.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to develop an evidence-based dCBT-i program grounded in theoretical and clinical knowledge, designed for efficient integration into health care systems, and to establish it as the first prescribed digital treatment in France.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The program was constructed based on validated CBT-i theory and practice, incorporating the latest scientific data on CBT for insomnia. It was designed as a robust multicomponent therapy, integrating an initial standardized assessment and daily intelligent adaptation to enable digital phenotyping and provide personalized treatment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We developed an innovative digital solution that combines scientific rigor with practical application. The program includes a standardized initial evaluation and dynamic personalization through intelligent algorithms. These features allow for the adaptation of therapy based on patient progress and needs, ensuring individualized care.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The development of this dCBT-i program represents a significant milestone in digital health care, offering a scalable solution to the accessibility challenges of traditional CBT-i. Future steps involve conducting clinical studies to further evaluate its effectiveness and optimize its implementation within health care systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":36351,"journal":{"name":"JMIR Human Factors","volume":"12 ","pages":"e70193"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144152160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Informatics-Based, Payer-Led, Low-Intensity Multichannel Educational Campaign Designed to Decrease Postdischarge Utilization for Medicare Advantage Members: Retrospective Evaluation.","authors":"Danica Fernandes, Elise Kokonas, Jai Bansal, Ken Hayashima, Brian Hurley, Annabel Ryu, Snehal Mhatre, Mohammed Ghori, Kelly Jean Craig, Amanda L Zaleski, Lily Vogel, Alena Baquet-Simpson, Daniel Reif","doi":"10.2196/63841","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2196/63841","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Readmission avoidance initiatives have been a priority for the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services for over a decade; however, interventions are often high-intensity, costly, and resource-intensive, and therefore, rarely scalable or sustainable. Large national payers are in a unique position to leverage data to identify members in real-time who are at high risk of readmission to prioritize the scaled delivery of tailored behavior change techniques to provide an educational intervention to modify health behaviors.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;This study aims to examine the impact of an informatics-driven, multichannel educational messaging campaign implemented to decrease 30- and 90-day acute inpatient readmissions and emergency department (ED) visits among Medicare Advantage members of a large national payer.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;A quality improvement initiative was designed and implemented to provide an evidence-based outreach campaign using human-centered design and behavior change principles to deliver multiple intervention functions, including timely, contextual, and relevant delivery of education, enablement, and persuasion, to reinforce health-promoting behaviors related to planned or unplanned inpatient admissions. Outcomes, including 30- and 90-day acute inpatient readmissions and ED visits, were retrospectively evaluated from Medicare Advantage members enrolled in a large national health plan residing across the United States between May 2020 and July 2022. Leveraging utilization management data, rules-based logic identified members (N=368,393) with a planned acute inpatient procedure (ie, preadmission) or discharged from an acute hospital stay (ie, postdischarge) within 15 days. Members were sequentially assigned to a standard (N=141,223) or an enhanced (N=227,470) messaging group, whereby the standard group received usual outreach and the enhanced group received an educational intervention via a messaging campaign deployed through multiple low-intensity communication channels (eg, text message, email, direct mail) in addition to standard outreach.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Members who received enhanced outreach had fewer relative 30-day acute inpatient readmissions (-4.1%, 95% CI -5.5% to -2.7%; P&lt;.001) and ED visits (-3.4%, 95% CI -5.0% to -1.7%; P&lt;.001) compared with members receiving standard outreach. Similarly, these findings persisted for relative 90-day outcomes such that members receiving enhanced outreach experienced fewer acute inpatient readmissions (-5.4%, 95% CI -6.5% to -4.3%; P&lt;.001) and ED visits (-3.8%, 95% CI -5.0% to -2.5%; P&lt;.001) compared with members receiving standard outreach messaging.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;Behavior change techniques deployed via educational interventions as low-intensity multi-channel outreach is an effective strategy to reduce avoidable 30- and 90-day inpatient readmissions and ED visits in recently discharged Medicare A","PeriodicalId":36351,"journal":{"name":"JMIR Human Factors","volume":"12 ","pages":"e63841"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144162778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the usability of an HIV-prevention artificial intelligence chatbot in Malaysia: national observational study.","authors":"Zhao Ni, Sunyoung Oh, Rumana Saifi, Frederick Altice, Iskandar Azwa","doi":"10.2196/70034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2196/70034","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Malaysia, an upper middle-income country in the Asia-Pacific region, has an HIV epidemic that has transitioned from needle sharing to sexual transmission, mainly in MSM. Men who have sex with men (MSM) are the most vulnerable population for HIV in Malaysia. In 2022, our team developed a web-based artificial intelligence (AI) chatbot and tested its feasibility and acceptability among MSM in Malaysia to promote HIV testing. To enhance the usability of the AI chatbot, we made it accessible to the public through the website called MYHIV365 and tested it in an observational study.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to test the usability of an AI chatbot in promoting HIV testing among MSM living in Malaysia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An observational study was conducted from August 2023 to March 2024 among 334 MSM. Participants were recruited through community outreach and social-networking apps using flyers. The interactions between participants and the AI chatbot were documented and retrieved from the chatbot developer's platform. Data were analyzed following a predefined metrics using R software (Posit Software, PBC, Boston, USA).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The AI chatbot interacted with 334 participants, assisting them in receiving free HIV self-testing kits, offering information on HIV, PrEP, and mental health, and providing details of 220 MSM-friendly clinics, including their addresses, phone numbers, and operating hours. After the study, 393 human-chatbot interactions were documented on the chatbot developer's platform. Most participants (304/334, 91%) interacted with the AI chatbot once, 30 (9%) engaged 2 or more times at different intervals. Participants' interaction time with the chatbot varied, ranging from 1 to 31 minutes. The AI chatbot properly addressed most participants' questions (362/393, 92.1%) about HIV and PrEP. However, in 31 interactions, participants posed additional questions to the chatbot that were not programmed into the chatbot algorithm, resulting in unanswered interactions.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The web-based AI chatbot demonstrated high usability in delivering HIV self-testing kits and providing clinical information on HIV testing, PrEP, and mental health services. To enhance its usability in community and clinical settings, the chatbot must offer personalized health information and precise interaction, powered by a sophisticated machine learning algorithm. Additionally, establishing an effective connection between the AI chatbot and healthcare systems to eliminate stigma and discrimination towards MSM is crucial for the future implementation of AI chatbots.</p><p><strong>Clinicaltrial: </strong></p>","PeriodicalId":36351,"journal":{"name":"JMIR Human Factors","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144175195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Web-Based Lifestyle-Related Course for People Living With Multiple Sclerosis: Quantitative Evaluation of Course Completion, Satisfaction, and Lifestyle Changes Among Participants Enrolled in a Randomized Controlled Trial.","authors":"Maggie Yu, Sandra Neate, Steve Simpson-Yap, Rebekah Davenport, William Bevens, George Jelinek, Jeanette Reece","doi":"10.2196/59363","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2196/59363","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Web-based health courses providing lifestyle-related information can potentially increase knowledge, facilitate behavior change, and improve health outcomes for people living with multiple sclerosis (MS). Despite the low engagement with web-based programs by this population, few studies have evaluated factors influencing engagement. This study evaluated engagement with our 6-week lifestyle-related course (Multiple Sclerosis Online Course; MSOC) by participants enrolled in a large, international randomized controlled trial, as well as preliminary outcomes.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;This study aimed to quantitatively assess engagement with the MSOC (the intervention course [IC] and standard-care course [SCC]), motivators of and barriers to participants' course completion, course satisfaction, engagement with the community forum, and intentions to implement lifestyle changes.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;We collected data via a baseline survey before course commencement and an evaluation survey 1 month after the 6-week course. Course completers were queried on motivators of completion, course satisfaction, previous knowledge, forum participation, and intentions to adopt lifestyle changes. Noncompleters were queried on barriers to course completion. Differences between the 2 study arms were examined using chi-square and 2-tailed t tests. Multivariable linear regression models assessed factors (sociodemographic and course and health related) associated with participants' intentions to adopt lifestyle changes adjusting for baseline lifestyle factors. Moderation analyses were conducted to test group differences.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Of the 857 participants, 442 (51.6%) completed the MSOC (IC: n=218, 49.3%; SCC: n=224, 50.7%), and 291 (34%) completed the evaluation survey (n=254, 87.3% course completers; n=37, 12.7% noncompleters). Key motivators of course completion included an interest in participating in MS research, optimizing health, course flexibility, and relevant and useful course content. Barriers to course completion included time constraints and technical issues. Most course completers rated the MSOC as \"excellent/very good\" (IC: 92/126, 73%; SCC: 78/128, 60.9%; P=.17). Engagement with the facilitator-led community forum was higher in the IC than in the SCC (56/126, 44.4% vs 32/128, 25%; P=.003). More IC completers versus SCC completers expressed their intention to adopt dietary changes (89/125, 71.2% vs 74/127, 58.3%; P=.04), increase their sun exposure (82/124, 66.1% vs 62/124, 50%; P=.01), supplement with omega-3 (84/125, 67.2% vs 60/126, 47.6%; P=.004), and practice meditation (85/124, 68.5% vs 66/126, 52.4%; P=.009). Forum engagement, course satisfaction, new course content, and an interest in receiving additional course content were associated with intentions to adopt lifestyle changes across both study arms.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;The web-based lifestyle IC provided new ","PeriodicalId":36351,"journal":{"name":"JMIR Human Factors","volume":"12 ","pages":"e59363"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144152157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using Personalized Intervention Criteria in a Mobile Just-in-Time Adaptive Intervention for Increasing Physical Activity in University Students: Pilot Study.","authors":"Mai Ikegaya, Jerome Clifford Foo, Taiga Murata, Kenta Oshima, Jinhyuk Kim","doi":"10.2196/66750","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2196/66750","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>While the health benefits of physical activity are well-known, adherence to regular physical activity remains a major challenge. Just-in-time adaptive intervention (JITAI) has been proposed as one method to increase physical activity by delivering an intervention at a time when individuals are more likely to make behavioral changes. However, most studies that have implemented JITAI have used uniform intervention criteria (UIC) across participants rather than personalized intervention criteria (PIC) for the individual.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objective of this paper was to examine the effectiveness of using JITAI implemented with PIC to increase physical activity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Healthy university students wore a wrist activity monitor for 2 weeks. Participants were divided into 2 groups, which received JITAI to promote physical activity according to either PIC or UIC. In the first week, the mean distance moved and sedentary time per hour for each participant were calculated to derive PIC. UIC was obtained from a 2-week study with a different sample (n=47) conducted under the same conditions. In the second week, JITAI prompts were sent every hour if both of the following criteria were met: the distance moved was shorter, and sedentary time was longer than PIC or UIC. Differences in changes in physical activity as a result of implementing interventions according to PIC and UIC were analyzed using multilevel models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We analyzed data from 28 healthy university students (18-23 y old, female n=12). Both PIC (P<.001) and UIC (P<.001) significantly increased physical activity in the first hour after JITAI was received. In that first hour, PIC increased physical activity more than UIC; more calories were burned (P=.02), more steps were taken (P=.007), and distance moved was increased (P=.003). However, over the course of the week, the use of JITAI did not significantly increase physical activity levels.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our results appear to suggest that PIC-based JITAI is more effective than UIC-based JITAI, consistent with the idea of a need for precision health approaches. Further research is needed to develop effective long-term intervention designs with sustainable effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":36351,"journal":{"name":"JMIR Human Factors","volume":"12 ","pages":"e66750"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144152183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"User Intent to Use DeepSeek for Health Care Purposes and Their Trust in the Large Language Model: Multinational Survey Study.","authors":"Avishek Choudhury, Yeganeh Shahsavar, Hamid Shamszare","doi":"10.2196/72867","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2196/72867","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Generative artificial intelligence (AI)-particularly large language models (LLMs)-has generated unprecedented interest in applications ranging from everyday questions and answers to health-related inquiries. However, little is known about how everyday users decide whether to trust and adopt these technologies in high-stakes contexts such as personal health.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objectives: &lt;/strong&gt;This study examines how ease of use, perceived usefulness, and risk perception interact to shape user trust in and intentions to adopt DeepSeek, an emerging LLM-based platform, for health care purposes.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;We adapted survey items from validated technology acceptance scales to assess user perception of DeepSeek. A 12-item Likert scale questionnaire was developed and pilot-tested (n=20). It was then distributed on the web to users in India, the United Kingdom, and the United States who had used DeepSeek within the past 2 weeks. Data analysis involved descriptive frequency assessments and Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling. The model assessed direct and indirect effects, including potential quadratic relationships.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;A total of 556 complete responses were collected, with respondents almost evenly split across India (n=184), the United Kingdom (n=185), and the United States (n=187). Regarding AI in health care, when asked whether they were comfortable with their health care provider using AI tools, 59.3% (n=330) were fine with AI use provided their doctor verified its output, and 31.5% (n=175) were enthusiastic about its use without conditions. DeepSeek was used primarily for academic and educational purposes, 50.7% (n=282) used DeepSeek as a search engine, and 47.7% (n=265) used it for health-related queries. When asked about their intent to adopt DeepSeek over other LLMs such as ChatGPT, 52.1% (n=290) were likely to switch, and 28.9% (n=161) were very likely to do so. The study revealed that trust plays a pivotal mediating role; ease of use exerts a significant indirect impact on usage intentions through trust. At the same time, perceived usefulness contributes to trust development and direct adoption. By contrast, risk perception negatively affects usage intent, emphasizing the importance of robust data governance and transparency. Significant nonlinear paths were observed for ease of use and risk, indicating threshold or plateau effects.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;Users are receptive to DeepSeek when it is easy to use, useful, and trustworthy. The model highlights trust as a mediator and shows nonlinear dynamics shaping AI-driven health care tool adoption. Expanding the model with mediators such as privacy and cultural differences could provide deeper insights. Longitudinal experimental designs could establish causality. Further investigation into threshold and plateau phenomena could refine our understanding of user perceptions as they become m","PeriodicalId":36351,"journal":{"name":"JMIR Human Factors","volume":"12 ","pages":"e72867"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144152181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Just-in-Time Adaptive Intervention (Shift) to Manage Problem Anger After Trauma: Co-Design and Development Study.","authors":"Olivia Metcalf, David Forbes, Lauren M Henry, Tianchen Qian, Tracey Varker, Melissa A Brotman, Sean Cowlishaw, Karen E Lamb, Meaghan L O'Donnell","doi":"10.2196/62960","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2196/62960","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Problem anger is common after experiencing trauma and is under-recognized relative to other posttraumatic mental health issues. Previous research has shown that digital mental health tools have significant potential to support individuals with problem anger after trauma.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objective of this study was to describe the co-design and development of a just-in-time adaptive intervention (JITAI) targeting problem anger in individuals who have experienced trauma.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used a participatory design process following the double-diamond framework. Phase 1 involved one-on-one qualitative interviews with trauma-exposed individuals with problem anger (n=10). Using an inductive approach (interpretative phenomenological analysis), we thematically coded interview data to create design principles for this population and generate potential content for the intervention. Phase 2 involved academic and clinical experts in trauma and experts in digital health reviewing the Phase 1 results and an evidence-based cognitive behavioral approach to treating anger. We then created intervention content and prototypes, which we then took to workshops with all participants for feedback, using group discussions and ratings of desirability and feasibility.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From Phase 1, core considerations for a JITAI included look and feel preferences, self-led and personalized support and content, and different support needed for each anger stage. A JITAI was developed with the following components: (1) personalized schedules and content onboarding; (2) psychoeducation about problem anger; (3) crisis support; (4) mood monitoring via anger check-ins; (5) self-led and personalized circuit breakers; (6) cognitive-behavioral based skills; (7) and a digital Coach embedded in the app. Some suggested features, such as social networking and sharing data with loved ones, were not pursued due to feasibility reasons relating to participant safety or technical costs.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The resulting JITAI, termed \"Shift,\" is the first digital mental health tool designed with end users to manage anger after trauma.</p>","PeriodicalId":36351,"journal":{"name":"JMIR Human Factors","volume":"12 ","pages":"e62960"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144121045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}