AIMS Electronics and Electrical Engineering最新文献

Miniature glass-metal coaxial waveguide reactors for microwave-assisted liquid heating 用于微波辅助液体加热的微型玻璃金属同轴波导反应器

AIMS Electronics and Electrical Engineering Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.3934/electreng.2023006

G. Sharma, G. Kouzaev

{"title":"Miniature glass-metal coaxial waveguide reactors for microwave-assisted liquid heating","authors":"G. Sharma, G. Kouzaev","doi":"10.3934/electreng.2023006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/electreng.2023006","url":null,"abstract":"Microwave (MW) irradiation is recognized as an effective tool in industries related to pharmaceuticals, chemistry, nanoparticle synthesis, food, etc. In the hardware field, some research efforts are concentrated on creating miniature reactors using low-cost technologies aimed at on-demand chemistry or parallel synthesis of many drugs. This paper reports on the development and characterization of novel miniature chemical-resistant glass-metal coaxial reactors based on a modified Liebig condenser. It is composed of two concentric glass tubes, one for the central conductor carrying MW current, and the other for the copper-foiled cylinder surrounding the first pipe. The gap between them is filled with a liquid that is pumped and evacuated by using shielded thin inlet/outlet glass tubes, which are melted and opened into this cylindrical cavity. The reactor's geometry allows for the direct soldering of miniature MW SMA coaxial connectors of 50-Ω impedance. The developed components are studied analytically, numerically and experimentally. The frequency properties of reactors are measured with a network analyzer. The temperature trends are explored by using a variable high-power MW generator, power meters and temperature sensors. These reactors demonstrate their relative insensitivity toward variations in the permittivity of filling liquids in the range of $3.75 < varepsilon < 30$, as shown in simulations and measurements. They demonstrate the increase by two orders in the longitudinal modal penetration depth and a more homogeneous heating along reactors as compared to their hollow coaxial prototypes. These glass-metal miniature reactors can be used in on-demand continuous-flow accelerated liquid heating, chemistry and pharmacy.","PeriodicalId":36329,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Electronics and Electrical Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70222440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Analysis of a low-profile, dual band patch antenna for wireless applications 一种用于无线应用的低姿态双频贴片天线的分析

AIMS Electronics and Electrical Engineering Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.3934/electreng.2023010

M. Naveen Kumar, M. Venkata Narayana, G. Immadi, P. Satyanarayana, Ambati Navya

{"title":"Analysis of a low-profile, dual band patch antenna for wireless applications","authors":"M. Naveen Kumar, M. Venkata Narayana, G. Immadi, P. Satyanarayana, Ambati Navya","doi":"10.3934/electreng.2023010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/electreng.2023010","url":null,"abstract":"A dual-band google lens logo-based patch antenna with defected ground structure was designed at 5.3 GHz for wireless applications and 7.4 GHz for wi-fi application. The designed antenna consists of a rounded rectangular patch antenna with a partial ground structure fed by a 50 Ω microstrip line. A google lens shaped logo is subtracted from the rounded rectangular patch and some regular polygon shaped slots are subtracted from the ground plane to obtain good dual-band characteristics and better results in terms of gain, VSWR, and return loss. The proposed antenna has a measurement of 20 × 20 × 1.6 mm3 and provides wide impedance bandwidths of 0.23 GHz (5.17‒5.40 GHz) and 0.16 GHz (7.33–7.49 GHz) at center frequencies of 5.3 GHz and 7.4 GHz, respectively. The antenna was designed and simulated using an ANSYS Electronics Desktop. Fabrication of the antenna was obtained using chemical etching and the results were measured by using an MS2037C Anritsu combinational analyzer. The return loss characteristics for dual bands are -20.56 dB at 5.3 GHz and -19.17 dB at 7.4 GHz, respectively, with a VSWR < 2 at both the frequencies and a 4 dB gain is obtained.","PeriodicalId":36329,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Electronics and Electrical Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70222992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Adaptive online auto-tuning using particle swarm optimized PI controller with time-variant approach for high accuracy and speed in dual active bridge converter 双有源桥式变换器采用粒子群优化PI控制器时变自适应在线自整定，提高了精度和速度

AIMS Electronics and Electrical Engineering Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.3934/electreng.2023009

S. Ab-Ghani, H. Daniyal, A. Z. Ahmad, N. Jaalam, N. M. Saad, N. H. Ramlan, N. Bahari

{"title":"Adaptive online auto-tuning using particle swarm optimized PI controller with time-variant approach for high accuracy and speed in dual active bridge converter","authors":"S. Ab-Ghani, H. Daniyal, A. Z. Ahmad, N. Jaalam, N. M. Saad, N. H. Ramlan, N. Bahari","doi":"10.3934/electreng.2023009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/electreng.2023009","url":null,"abstract":"<abstract> Electric vehicles (EVs) are an emerging technology that contribute to reducing air pollution. This paper presents the development of a 200 kW DC charger for the vehicle to grid (V2G) application. The bidirectional dual active bridge (DAB) converter was the preferred fit for a high-power DC-DC conversion due its attractive features. A particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm was used to online auto-tune the optimal <italic>KP</italic> and <italic>KI</italic> value with minimize error voltage. Then, by concerning the controller with fixed gains have limitation in response during dynamic change, the PSO was improved to allow re-tuning and update the new <italic>KP</italic> and <italic>KI</italic> upon step changes or disturbances through a time-variant approach. The proposed controller, online auto-tuned PI using PSO with re-tuning (OPSO-PI-RT) and one-time (OPSO-PI-OT) execution were compared under desired output voltage step changes and load step changes in terms of steady-state error and dynamic performance. The OPSO-PI-RT method was a superior controller with 98.16% accuracy and faster controller with 85.28 s-1 average speed compared to OPSO-PI-OT using controller hardware-in-the-loop (CHIL) approach. </abstract>","PeriodicalId":36329,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Electronics and Electrical Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70222977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Prediction of diabetic patients in Iraq using binary dragonfly algorithm with long-short term memory neural network 长短期记忆神经网络二元蜻蜓算法预测伊拉克糖尿病患者

AIMS Electronics and Electrical Engineering Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.3934/electreng.2023013

Zaineb M. Alhakeem, Heba Hakim, Ola A. Hasan, Asif Ali Laghari, Awais Khan Jumani, Mohammed Nabil Jasm

{"title":"Prediction of diabetic patients in Iraq using binary dragonfly algorithm with long-short term memory neural network","authors":"Zaineb M. Alhakeem, Heba Hakim, Ola A. Hasan, Asif Ali Laghari, Awais Khan Jumani, Mohammed Nabil Jasm","doi":"10.3934/electreng.2023013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/electreng.2023013","url":null,"abstract":"<abstract>Over the past 20 years, there has been a surge of diabetes cases in Iraq. Blood tests administered in the absence of professional medical judgment have allowed for the early detection of diabetes, which will fasten disease detection and lower medical costs. This work focuses on the use of a Long-Short Term Memory (LSTM) neural network for diabetes classification in Iraq. Some medical tests and body features were used as classification features. The most relevant features were selected using the Binary Dragon Fly Algorithm (BDA) Binary version of the selection method because the features either selected or not. To reduce the number of features that are used in prediction, features without effects will be eliminated. This effects the classification accuracy, which is very important in both the computation time of the method and the cost of medical test that the individual will take during annual check ups.This work found out that among 11 features, only five features are most relevant to the disease. These features provide a classification accuracy up to 98% among three classes: diabetic, non diabetic and pre-diabetic.</abstract>","PeriodicalId":36329,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Electronics and Electrical Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135501668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Analytical model of subthreshold swing in junctionless gate-all-around (GAA) FET with ferroelectric 铁电无结栅极全能场效应管(GAA)亚阈值摆动分析模型

AIMS Electronics and Electrical Engineering Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.3934/electreng.2023017

Hakkee Jung

{"title":"Analytical model of subthreshold swing in junctionless gate-all-around (GAA) FET with ferroelectric","authors":"Hakkee Jung","doi":"10.3934/electreng.2023017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/electreng.2023017","url":null,"abstract":"<abstract>An analytical SS model is presented to observe the subthreshold swing (SS) of a junctionless gate-all-around (GAA) FET with ferroelectric in this paper. For the gate structure, a multilayer structure of metal-ferroelectric-metal-insulator-semiconductor (MFMIS) was used, and the SS was calculated in $15 leqslant {P_r} leqslant 30,mu C/c{m^2}$ and $0.8 leqslant {E_c} leqslant 1.5,MV/cm$, which are the ranges of remanent polarization and coercive field suggested in various experiments in the case of HZO as the ferroelectric material. It was found that the SSs from the presented analytical SS model agree well with those derived from the relationship between drain current and gate voltage using a 2D potential distribution in the range of device parameters used for simulation. As a result of analyzing the SS of the junctionless GAA FET with ferroelectric using the analytical SS model presented in this paper, the SS decreased because the voltage across the inner gate decreased when the ferroelectric thickness increased. It was observed that the condition of SS &lt; 60 mV/dec was sufficiently obtained according to changes in device parameters such as channel length, channel radius and ferroelectric thickness, and that the SS maintained a constant value according to the ratio of remanent polarization and coercive field <italic>P</italic><italic>r</italic>/<italic>E</italic><italic>c</italic>. As <italic>P</italic><italic>r</italic>/<italic>E</italic><italic>c</italic> increases, the SS increases as the ferroelectric capacitance increases. As the channel length becomes smaller, the change in SS according to <italic>P</italic><italic>r</italic>/<italic>E</italic><italic>c</italic> is more severe.</abstract>","PeriodicalId":36329,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Electronics and Electrical Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135051997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Exploring the challenges and opportunities of image processing and sensor fusion in autonomous vehicles: A comprehensive review 探索自动驾驶汽车中图像处理和传感器融合的挑战和机遇:综合综述

AIMS Electronics and Electrical Engineering Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.3934/electreng.2023016

Deven Nahata, Kareem Othman

{"title":"Exploring the challenges and opportunities of image processing and sensor fusion in autonomous vehicles: A comprehensive review","authors":"Deven Nahata, Kareem Othman","doi":"10.3934/electreng.2023016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/electreng.2023016","url":null,"abstract":"<abstract> Autonomous vehicles are at the forefront of future transportation solutions, but their success hinges on reliable perception. This review paper surveys image processing and sensor fusion techniques vital for ensuring vehicle safety and efficiency. The paper focuses on object detection, recognition, tracking, and scene comprehension via computer vision and machine learning methodologies. In addition, the paper explores challenges within the field, such as robustness in adverse weather conditions, the demand for real-time processing, and the integration of complex sensor data. Furthermore, we examine localization techniques specific to autonomous vehicles. The results show that while substantial progress has been made in each subfield, there are persistent limitations. These include a shortage of comprehensive large-scale testing, the absence of diverse and robust datasets, and occasional inaccuracies in certain studies. These issues impede the seamless deployment of this technology in real-world scenarios. This comprehensive literature review contributes to a deeper understanding of the current state and future directions of image processing and sensor fusion in autonomous vehicles, aiding researchers and practitioners in advancing the development of reliable autonomous driving systems. </abstract>","PeriodicalId":36329,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Electronics and Electrical Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135051556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Analog interface based on capacitance multiplier for capacitive sensors and application to evaluate the quality of oils 基于电容乘法器的电容传感器模拟接口及其在油品质量评价中的应用

AIMS Electronics and Electrical Engineering Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.3934/electreng.2023015

Vasileios Delimaras, Kyriakos Tsiakmakis, Argyrios T. Hatzopoulos

{"title":"Analog interface based on capacitance multiplier for capacitive sensors and application to evaluate the quality of oils","authors":"Vasileios Delimaras, Kyriakos Tsiakmakis, Argyrios T. Hatzopoulos","doi":"10.3934/electreng.2023015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/electreng.2023015","url":null,"abstract":"<abstract>Currently, interdigital capacitive (IDC) sensors are widely used in science, industry and technology. To measure the changes in capacitance in these sensors, many methods such as differentiation, phase delay between two signals, capacitor charging/discharging, oscillators and switching circuits have been proposed. These techniques often use high frequencies and high complexity to measure small capacitance changes of fF or aF with high sensitivity. An analog interface based on a capacitance multiplier for capacitive sensors is presented. This study includes analysis of the interface error factors, such as the error due to the components of the capacitance multiplier, parasitic capacitances, transient effects and non-ideal parameters of OpAmp. A design approach based on an IDC sensor to measure the quality of edible oils is presented and implemented. The quality relates to the total polar compounds (TPC) and consequently to relative electrical permittivity <inline-formula><tex-math id=\"M1\">begin{document}$ {varepsilon }_{r} $end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula> of the oils. A measurement system has been implemented to measure the capacitance of the IDC sensor, which depended on <inline-formula><tex-math id=\"M2\">begin{document}$ {varepsilon }_{r} $end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula>. The simulation and experimental results showed that, for a capacitance multiplication factor equal to 1000, changes of 3.3 µs/100 fF can be achieved with an acceptable level of noise, which can be easily measured by a microcontroller.</abstract>","PeriodicalId":36329,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Electronics and Electrical Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136373370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Modulation classification analysis of CNN model for wireless communication systems 无线通信系统CNN模型的调制分类分析

AIMS Electronics and Electrical Engineering Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.3934/electreng.2023018

K Tamizhelakkiya, Sabitha Gauni, Prabhu Chandhar

引用次数: 0

Adaptive PID sliding mode control based on new Quasi-sliding mode and radial basis function neural network for Omni-directional mobile robot 基于新型准滑模和径向基函数神经网络的全向移动机器人自适应PID滑模控制

AIMS Electronics and Electrical Engineering Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.3934/electreng.2023007

Thanh Tung Pham, C. Nguyen

{"title":"Adaptive PID sliding mode control based on new Quasi-sliding mode and radial basis function neural network for Omni-directional mobile robot","authors":"Thanh Tung Pham, C. Nguyen","doi":"10.3934/electreng.2023007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/electreng.2023007","url":null,"abstract":"This article designs a PID sliding mode controller based on new Quasi-sliding mode (PID-SMC-NQ) and radial basis function neural network (RBFNN) for Omni-directional mobile robot. This is holonomic vehicles that can perform translational and rotational motions independently and simultaneously. The PID-SMC is designed to ensure that the robot's actual trajectory follows the desired in a finite time with the error converges to zero. To decrease chattering phenomena around the sliding surface, in the controller robust term, this paper uses the tanh (hyperbolic tangent) function, so called the new Quasi-sliding mode function, instead of the switch function. The RBFNN is used to approximate the nonlinear component in the PID-SMC-NQ controller. The RBFNN is considered as an adaptive controller. The weights of the network are trained online due to the feedback from output signals of the robot using the Gradient Descent algorithm. The stability of the system is proven by Lyapunov's theory. Simulation results in MATLAB/Simulink show the effectiveness of the proposed controller, the actual response of the robot converges to the reference with the rising time reaches 307.711 ms, 364.192 ms in the x-coordinate in the two-dimensional movement of the robot, the steady-state error is 0.0018 m and 0.00007 m, the overshoot is 0.13% and 0.1% in the y-coordinate, and the chattering phenomena is reduced.","PeriodicalId":36329,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Electronics and Electrical Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70222924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A novel mine blast optimization algorithm (MBOA) based MPPT controlling for grid-PV systems 基于MPPT控制的并网光伏系统矿井爆破优化算法(MBOA)

AIMS Electronics and Electrical Engineering Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.3934/electreng.2023008

I. Naidu, S. Srikanth, A. Siva sarapakara Rao, Adabala Venkatanarayana

{"title":"A novel mine blast optimization algorithm (MBOA) based MPPT controlling for grid-PV systems","authors":"I. Naidu, S. Srikanth, A. Siva sarapakara Rao, Adabala Venkatanarayana","doi":"10.3934/electreng.2023008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/electreng.2023008","url":null,"abstract":"One of the most important areas in today's world is meeting the energy needs of various resources provided by nature. The advantages of renewable energy sources for many application sectors have attracted a lot of attention. The majority of grid-based enterprises use solar photovoltaic (PV) systems to collect sunlight as a reliable energy source. Due to solar PV's simple accessibility and efficient panel design, it is widely used in a variety of application scenarios. By employing the Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) technique, the PV modules can typically operate at their best rate and draw the most power possible from the solar system. Some hybrid control mechanisms are utilized in solar PV systems in traditional works, which has limitations on the problems of increased time consumption, decreased efficiency, and increased THD. Thus, a new Mine Blast Optimization Algorithm (MBOA) based MPPT controlling model is developed to maximize the electrical energy produced by the PV panels under a different climatic situations. Also, an interleaved Luo DC-DC converter is used to significantly improve the output voltage of a PV system with a lower switching frequency. A sophisticated converter and regulating models are being created to effectively meet the energy demand of grid systems. The voltage source inverter is used to lower the level of harmonics and ensure the grid systems' power quality. Various performance indicators are applied to assess the simulation and comparative results of the proposed MBOA-MPPT controlling technique integrated with an interleaved Luo converter.","PeriodicalId":36329,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Electronics and Electrical Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70222965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3