Volume 10: Petroleum Technology最新文献

{"title":"A Comprehensive Evaluation of Rheological Models for Non-Aqueous Drilling Fluids","authors":"I. Gucuyener, Onur Kazim Gurcay, Samed Yanik","doi":"10.1115/omae2022-78546","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/omae2022-78546","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This article presents a comparison of Power’s law, Bingham plastic, Casson, Herschel-Bulkley, Unified Herschel-Bulkley, Robertson-Stiff, Gucuyener, Sisko and modified Sisko models using a rheological database of extensive real field and laboratory datasets. In this study, 778 field and laboratory shear rate/shear stress datasets collected from four different sources for oil-based (OBM) and synthetic-based (SBM) muds were evaluated. Rheological measurements were made using Couette coaxial cylinder rotational viscometer such as Fann-35 type viscometers, in the shear rate range of 5.11 to 1022 s−1.\u0000 This study presents a simplified algorithm, called direct method, to determine the parameters of three-parameter nonlinear models. The direct method enables parameterization of three-parameter nonlinear models using the linear least squares method and significantly improves their performance. In addition, a MATLAB code based on the Gauss-Newton method was created to parameterize the nonlinear models. The nonlinear regression provided the best fit in many cases by calculating negative model parameters making the models physically senseless.\u0000 The goodness of fit of the models considered here was determined by comparing the resulting mean relative error and residual mean square values. The results of this study showed that the three-parameter models predicted better rheological fit than the two-parameter models for non-aqueous drilling fluids. The fit accuracy of the three-parameter models parameterized using the direct method is very close to that obtained by nonlinear regression. The modified Sisko, Gucuyener and Sisko models gave an excellent match to most of the shear rate-shear stress data sets evaluated in this study.","PeriodicalId":363084,"journal":{"name":"Volume 10: Petroleum Technology","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130398269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic Reservoir Behaviour and Production Due to Periodic Supply of Wind Power","authors":"P. Bergmo, T. Holt, J. O. Skogestad","doi":"10.1115/omae2022-78790","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/omae2022-78790","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Wind power can replace power from gas turbines and thus reduce the CO2 emissions related to oil production. However, a main challenge with wind power is the variability in power production due to weather variations. The water injection pumps are often major power consuming units. The water pumps were therefore identified as possible non-critical loads in an isolated power system with variable power supply. The power to a non-critical load can be varied and even stopped depending on the power supply. The objective of the present work was to study how variable water injection rates affects oil production.\u0000 Using simulated wind power curves, water injection profiles for a model oil field were constructed. Reservoir simulations show that the oil production is almost insensitive to variable injection rates if the injected volumes were the same. Lower injected rates and volumes resulted in lower oil production. This was most pronounced in the plateau phase of the production, but later the differences become gradually smaller. Thus, reducing the water injection volumes with 30 % decreased the total oil recovery by less than 5 % after 28 years.\u0000 If constant water injection rates are needed thermal power can supply wind power. This will increase the CO2 emissions. However, if wind power not used by the water injection pumps can be utilised for other unit operations significant reductions in CO2 emission can still be obtained.","PeriodicalId":363084,"journal":{"name":"Volume 10: Petroleum Technology","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133371003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Novel Approach in Modelling Fluid Flow in Unconventional Reservoirs Incorporating Viscous, Inertial, Diffusion, Desorption and Advection Forces Contributions","authors":"M. Aldhuhoori, H. Belhaj, B. Ghosh, Hamda Alkuwaiti","doi":"10.1115/omae2022-79249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/omae2022-79249","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 A model for single-phase fluid flow in tight UCRs was previously produced by modifying the flow Forchheimer’s equation. The new modification addresses the fluid transport phenomena into three scales incorporating a diffusion term, a desorption term and an advection term. In this study, a new model has been numerically validated and verified using synthetic data. Ideally, the new model suits fluid flow in tight UCRs. The modified Forchheimer’s model presented, produced very simple profiles and flow dynamics of the main flow parameters have been established and a thorough parametric analysis and verifications were performed. It has been observed that a system containing the aforementioned forces becomes more prominent in regulating flow velocity with low permeability of the formation rock and low viscosity of the flowing fluid. The findings indicate a behavioral alignment with a previous hypothesis that matches actual reservoir behavior.","PeriodicalId":363084,"journal":{"name":"Volume 10: Petroleum Technology","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134532225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing Models for Predicting Torque on Bit Using Data From the Volve Field in Norway","authors":"Patrick Höhn, Ahmed Rahim Kreem Bashara, C. Paz, J. Oppelt","doi":"10.1115/omae2022-79543","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/omae2022-79543","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Torsional oscillations can cause severe damage to downhole tools and may result in expensive fishing and sidetracking operations. The drilling industry is aware of this problem and still looking for suitable solutions to determine the drivers of the oscillations, and to quantify their effects. The mitigation of this problem requires a detailed knowledge of the parameters controlling the drilling process. Nowadays, modeling is a useful tool for describing the downhole processes using the stream of data acquired from the sensors installed in the drilling equipment.\u0000 This paper focuses on torque on bit which is directly connected with torsional oscillations. The model generation is performed, either by fitting empirical models with measured data or by creating new machine learning models. Five empirical literature models are parametrized using the optimization module of the Python library SciPy. Machine learning models are generated using Scikit-learn with measurement data from the Volve field in Norway. For the current testing dataset Random Forest showed the highest accuracy with a R2-score of 0.767. Other machine learning algorithms showed a comparable accuracy. However, empirical models failed to achieve reliable results. In future, the generated models can be used to optimize drilling parameters to prevent technical drilling problems.","PeriodicalId":363084,"journal":{"name":"Volume 10: Petroleum Technology","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117267964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of New Inhibited Spacer for Cementing Operation","authors":"Sara Alkhalaf, A. Al-Yami, V. Wagle, Ali Al-Safran","doi":"10.1115/omae2022-80939","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/omae2022-80939","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Spacers are a very important element to have good cement bonding and to ensure well integrity. Spacers are used to prevent the contamination of the cement slurry by removing such materials and pushing them ahead toward the surface to separate the drilling fluid from the cement slurry. During the cement displacement process, and once the clay formation is in contact with the water present in the cement slurry, shales will be swelled or cracked due to the hydration reaction or water adsorption.\u0000 Therefore, it is very helpful to make a spacer with efficient properties that help in protecting the clay formation from the water and prevent or minimize the hydration process by adding shale inhibiter to the spacer mixture formula. In this study, we will investigate the impact of KCL and a novel amine-based shale inhibitor on clay formation and investigate how these chemicals work to enhance spacer functions. The spacer has to be compatible with the drilling fluid and the cement slurry at the same time. Our study includes the compatibility test, rheology, thickening time test, as well as dispersion test for both KCl and novel amine based shale inhibitors.","PeriodicalId":363084,"journal":{"name":"Volume 10: Petroleum Technology","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130977287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation and Understanding the Potential of Enhanced Oil Recovery for a Candidate Offshore Sandstone Field","authors":"Chuangchuang Qi, Aneesa Ijaz Rabbani, A. Suboyin, Jassim Abubacker Ponnambathayil, Md. Motiur Rahman, M. Haroun, Qisheng Ma, M. Gibrata, Lamia Rouis, Yanfidra Djanuar","doi":"10.1115/omae2022-79074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/omae2022-79074","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The aim of this investigation is to develop a comprehensive understanding of an enhanced oil recovery (EOR) candidate reservoir based in an unconventional sandstone dominated environment. The unique geology, owing to its proximity to an inland, endorheic basin, alongside its complex stratigraphic geometry incorporating extensive folding and faulting as well as a laterally extensive unconformity. The study leans heavily on the forefront of reservoir characterizations.\u0000 Reservoir characterization is crucial in providing an outline of the sub-surface and helps visualize the hydrocarbon system in-place. Our study area is the deeper consolidated units. This section was analyzed in detail to understand the petrophysical and fluid properties. The properties of the rock formation(s) of interest were identified from mineralogical content based on XRD analysis and SEM analysis to develop an interlink between the results. A compilation of the results plays a key role in determining reservoir quality and fluid properties which heavily influences important variables such as porosity, permeability, capillary pressure, relative permeability, wettability, interfacial tension, and fluid compositions. The clay mineralogy affects the penetration rate and the diagenetic overprint either enhances or deliberates fluid flow.\u0000 The novelty of this integrated study lays the foundation for a thorough and bespoke screening EOR study, which is currently under development for an offshore candidate field. Preliminary screenings were also conducted through core flooding with representative outcrops. An understanding of the integration of the various reservoirs and fluid properties is essential in determining the characteristics of the entirety of the candidate reservoir. Incorporating these complex zones in an integrated reservoir characterization study is fundamental in achieving successful EOR deployment and optimizes oil production.","PeriodicalId":363084,"journal":{"name":"Volume 10: Petroleum Technology","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114268345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flowability of Dry and Water Wet Barite Powder","authors":"Ragnhild Skorpa, Blandine Feneuil, Franz Otto von Hafenbrädl, C. Ratnayake","doi":"10.1115/omae2022-81074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/omae2022-81074","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Barite is added to drilling fluids as weight material to increase its density. Over time, when the drilling fluids are left static in the annulus, gravitational forces will make the barite settle out. This settled barite is today the main reason for casing cut and removal process, which accounts for up to 50% of time related to P&A operations. Knowledge of settled barite on top of cement behind casing is also essential for perf, wash & cement procedures.\u0000 The most compact barite sediment can be characterized as a non-elastic dense wet particle sediment where the packing of the particles and the particle size of the grains varies. To fully understand the packing mechanism of the consolidated barite sediments characterization of barite powder (both dry and wet) is important.\u0000 In this study we have done comparable measurements with a Jenike shear test, which measures direct shear strength under different loading conditions, and compared these to rheological measurements using an Anton Paar powder module under the same loading conditions. Experiments were performed on both dry and wet (by 2.5 wt% and 5 wt% water) barite and with 1, 3, 6 and 9 kPa loading.\u0000 The results from the Jenike test and the powder module were found to be complimentary. At a low water content, the sample showed an increase in flowability, while with a high-water content a decrease the flowability was observed compared to that of dry barite.","PeriodicalId":363084,"journal":{"name":"Volume 10: Petroleum Technology","volume":"199 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114360778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk Analysis for Wells in an Active CO2-Enhanced Oil Recovery Field in Farnsworth Unit, Anadarko Basin, Texas","authors":"Thinh On, T. Nguyen, R. Balch","doi":"10.1115/omae2022-81041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/omae2022-81041","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The Farnsworth Unit in the Anadarko Basin, Texas is the location of an ongoing CO2 storage and enhanced oil recovery project. Reservoir pressure increases may pose detrimental effects on wellbore integrity in the area. In this study, we investigate well historical data of 20 wells in Farnsworth Unit and conduct laboratory experiments to study risk analysis for those wells. In the experiments, the authors use Portland cement class C and H. This study also uses permeability measurement and X-ray computed tomography to quantify cement damages, then develop hypothetical correlations between injection-confining differential pressure and cement permeability. Finally, the authors apply the correlations for wells in the field to estimate leakage rates through cement columns due to wellbore damage caused by cyclic loading. This paper demonstrates the success of using permeability measurement and X-ray computed tomography to investigate damages in cement, as well as the feasibility of using both experimental and historical data to study well integrity through risk analysis. The study also mentions the corrosive effect of chloride ion on steel, which is also a factor to consider when design wellbore cement.","PeriodicalId":363084,"journal":{"name":"Volume 10: Petroleum Technology","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115870326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Pigging Velocity on the Wax Removal Process in Subsea Pipelines","authors":"Xun Zhang, Qiyu Huang, Wei Chen","doi":"10.1115/omae2022-79456","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/omae2022-79456","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Wax deposition has been a significant concern in flow assurance. Mechanical pigging is the most common technique used to remediate wax deposition in subsea pipelines. Although researchers have revealed the wax removal process of pipe pigs, it is still unclear whether the pipe pig speed affects the pigging process. Due to a lack of understanding of the wax removal process, the field pigging operation is mainly reliant on empirical rules, resulting in frequent blockage accidents. In this work, the effect of pipe pig speed on the pigging process of cup and disk pigs was investigated using the in-house pigging facility. The experimental results show that the pigging process of both pipe pigs at high and low speeds can be divided into four parts. However, the wax breaking force (WBF) is approximately 2–3 times greater at high speed than at low speed. Also, the WBF of the disk pig is higher compared to the cup pig under the same pigging conditions. The mechanism behind this phenomenon is because of the rheological features of wax deposits. Since the wax deposit exhibits rheomalaxis elasto-viscoplasticity, it is exposed to a larger shear rate at high pipe pig speed, which leads to increased dynamic yield stress of the wax deposit. Furthermore, the difference in WBF between cup pigs and disk pigs results from the geometric characteristics of the pipe pigs. This work can serve as a qualitative guide for on-site pigging operations of subsea pipelines.","PeriodicalId":363084,"journal":{"name":"Volume 10: Petroleum Technology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128961669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design and Demonstration of Autonomous Directional Drilling With a Miniature Scale Rig","authors":"Magnus Steinstø, Gaute Hånsnar, Benedicte Gjersdal, Trygve Mikal Viga Skretting, A. Pavlov, F. Florence","doi":"10.1115/omae2022-80314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/omae2022-80314","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Drillbotics, an international student competition hosted by SPE/DSATS, directed the 2020/2021 competitors to design, build and implement a 1.5″ (3.8cm) hole size, fully autonomous drilling rig capable of intersecting multiple pre-set targets within a rock sample with up to 30-degree inclination and 15-degree azimuth adjustments from the KOP. The Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) won the competition using a fixed bent Bottom Hole Assembly (BHA) and a simulated mud-motor stator with a rod inside the drillpipe transferring rotational torque from a top drive. The team designed and created a custom drill bit, bi-directional hydraulic swivel, and BHA. Trajectory control was achieved by changing the BHA bend orientation over time, rotating the drillpipe with inputs from a nonlinear Model Predictive Controller (nMPC) following a pre-planned Bezier-curve well path. Capabilities of the rig were demonstrated by drilling a 37-degree inclination well path in 6 minutes in a 60 cm sandstone replica.","PeriodicalId":363084,"journal":{"name":"Volume 10: Petroleum Technology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124526734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}