Franziska Köhler-Dauner, Vera Clemens, Katherina Hildebrand, Ute Ziegenhain, Jörg M Fegert
{"title":"The interplay between maternal childhood maltreatment, parental coping strategies as well as endangered parenting behavior during the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.","authors":"Franziska Köhler-Dauner, Vera Clemens, Katherina Hildebrand, Ute Ziegenhain, Jörg M Fegert","doi":"10.1177/25161032211014899","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/25161032211014899","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The SARS-CoV-2-pandemic is associated different challenges, especially for families. The disruption and challenges require parents to develop strategies to cope with the current situation. One factor that may influence how parents deal with pandemic-associated stressors are experiences of parental childhood maltreatment (CM), which represent a high risk of engaging in endangered parenting. A decisive candidate for the connection between parental CM and the transgenerational transmission could be the parental ability to employ coping strategies. Mothers of a well-documented birth cohort for investigating the pathways leading to resilience or vulnerability in the transgenerational transmission of CM were imbedded in an online \"SARS-CoV-2 pandemic survey\" assessing maternal ability for coping strategies and the dimension of endangered maternal parenting behavior. 91 mothers completed the online survey. To describe the maternal CM, data from a longitudinal survey were used. Our mediation analysis shows a significant positive relationship between the sum of maternal CM experiences, lack of coping strategies and endangered parenting behavior. This suggests a partial mediation of the association between CM and endangered parenting behavior as the direct effect remained significant when the maternal lack of coping strategies was included as the mediator. Parental CM is a risk factor for coping with stressful situation as well as for endangered parenting behavior. The ability to deal with stress seems to have a significant influence on the context of a possible transgenerational transmission of CM. The results underline the need to consider the unique needs of families with children and to support them as to how to overcome the current crisis.</p>","PeriodicalId":36239,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Child Welfare","volume":"3 2","pages":"71-84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/25161032211014899","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39344736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kwabena Frimpong‐Manso, E. Cudjoe, Alhassan Abdullah, Antoine Deliege, E. Eshun
{"title":"Keeping families afloat: Foster carer’s parenting experiences during COVID-19 in Ghana and implications for practice","authors":"Kwabena Frimpong‐Manso, E. Cudjoe, Alhassan Abdullah, Antoine Deliege, E. Eshun","doi":"10.1177/25161032211019048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/25161032211019048","url":null,"abstract":"Formal foster care is a relatively new phenomenon in Ghana. The practice is in conformity with international and national policy guidelines to deinstitutionalize and strengthen family-based care for children without adequate parental care. In addition to the known challenges of foster parenting in Ghana (stigma, financial challenges and emotional strain, inexperience of the foster parents), the socio-economic impacts of COVID-19 restrictions may worsen caregivers’ burden and negatively affect children in care. This study explored how foster parents are meeting their caregiving demands during the COVID-19 pandemic in the face of existing and new challenges. Following a participatory practice research approach, a co-constructed interview guide by the researchers and a practitioner was used to conduct in-depth telephone interviews with 13 foster parents. Findings from thematic analysis of the interviews showed challenges, including increased cost of caregiving and multiple caregiving duties as challenges facing foster parents whereas children’s knowledge about the virus, informal support and religious beliefs collectively enhanced caregiving during the pandemic. The findings provide learning about ways to alleviate parenting challenges for foster parents during and after the pandemic. Specifically, interventions that view children as actors for change and strengthen community and religious bodies to deliver psychosocial services would be useful to improve foster parenting.","PeriodicalId":36239,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Child Welfare","volume":"3 1","pages":"85 - 99"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47493160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Aging out of foster care: The experiences of former foster youth who successfully navigated this transition","authors":"Margot A. Hedenstrom","doi":"10.1177/25161032211019411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/25161032211019411","url":null,"abstract":"Foster youth face high risks and poor outcomes after aging out of care resulting in great economic and human costs to society. The purpose of the study was to describe life experiences of children aging out of the foster care system from the perspectives of adults who have successfully navigated this transition. Their life experiences during this period provided meaningful information for this study which helped to identify themes. Their perceptions of the periods during and after their transitions were explored to investigate supportive relationships, education, and workplace stability. Phenomenology was used to describe the experiences of nine young adults who had aged out of foster care. Participant ages ranged from 20 to 25 years old. Audiotaped semi-structured interviews were conducted for the study. Data analysis was ongoing throughout data collection. Four themes were identified: (1) “Facing a transition”; (2) “Depending on adults for help”; (3) “Making a difference for others”; and (4) “Moving forward with my life.” These four themes highlighted the participants’ experiences as they aged out of foster care. This study contributes to our understanding of the life experiences of former foster youth who are successful after the transition out of foster care. Recommendations for practice and research are identified.","PeriodicalId":36239,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Child Welfare","volume":"3 1","pages":"166 - 181"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/25161032211019411","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42529554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"To what extent do medication experts agree on diagnoses derived from psychotropic medication prescribed for children and adolescents in a state Medicare database?","authors":"Conor O’Brien, J. Rapp","doi":"10.1177/25161032211019045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/25161032211019045","url":null,"abstract":"This study evaluated the extent to which psychotropic medication experts agreed on psychiatric/behavior diagnoses derived from 30 individuals’ psychotropic medication regimens. Three medication experts reviewed the medication regimens and inferred one or more diagnoses based on the medication listed. Thereafter, we used kappa statistical analyses and category-by-category analyses to evaluate agreement of diagnoses (a) across all three reviewers for two time points (separated by 8 to 14 months) covered by each data set, (b) across each pairing of reviewers at the two time points, and (c) within each reviewer across both time points. Between-reviewer kappa statistical analyses of first- and last-regimen data yielded only five instances with excellent agreement and 13 instances of poor agreement. All remaining instances indicated various levels of disagreement. Similarly, within-expert kappa statistical analyses showed two instances with excellent agreement, four instances with poor agreement, and the remaining instances with various levels of disagreement. Overall, the highest kappa values were attached to low-count regimens, while most scores, regardless of medication count, were low and indicated potential disagreement. The category-by-category analyses yielded similar results. A secondary, conditional analysis revealed higher agreements between and within reviewers when medication regimens contained psychotropic medications typically prescribed to individuals diagnosed with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.","PeriodicalId":36239,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Child Welfare","volume":"3 1","pages":"150 - 165"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/25161032211019045","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48778681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The attachment video-feedback intervention (AVI) combined to the trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy (TF-CBT) for sexually abused preschoolers and their parents: A pilot study examining pre- to post-test changes","authors":"Justin D. Caouette, M. Hébert, C. Cyr, L. Amédée","doi":"10.1177/25161032211013820","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/25161032211013820","url":null,"abstract":"Child sexual abuse is associated with a range of negative consequences, including behavior problems and dissociative and posttraumatic stress symptoms. Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT) has shown to be successful in the treatment of child victims of sexual abuse, but yet presents some challenges with preschoolers. Child sexual abuse has often been associated with insecure attachment among preschool children. Therefore, combining an attachment-based intervention with the TF-CBT may offer a means to optimize therapeutic outcomes. This pilot study examined in a pre/post-test design whether the combination of the Attachment Video-feedback Intervention (AVI) with the TF-CBT led to changes in the well-being of sexually abused preschoolers and their parents. Participants included 33 sexually abused children aged 4 to 6 years old and their non-offending caregivers. Parents completed questionnaires on their child’s behavior problems and dissociative symptoms, and reported on their own psychological distress and posttraumatic symptoms following their child’s disclosure of trauma. Results showed decreases in child internalizing and dissociative symptoms and maternal psychological distress and posttraumatic symptoms after the intervention. This pilot study suggests this combined protocol is a promising tool to foster the recovery of young victims of sexual abuse and their non-offending caregivers.","PeriodicalId":36239,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Child Welfare","volume":"3 1","pages":"119 - 134"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/25161032211013820","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45013331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Van Holen, L. Van Hove, Ann Clé, Camille Verheyden, J. Vanderfaeillie
{"title":"How do foster children placed in long-term family foster care experience school?","authors":"F. Van Holen, L. Van Hove, Ann Clé, Camille Verheyden, J. Vanderfaeillie","doi":"10.1177/25161032211013819","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/25161032211013819","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Foster children often experience school problems and perform less well than average. This may result in failed school careers and compromised future career paths. Nonetheless, few studies have focused on the perspective of foster children regarding education. Method: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 27 foster children (M = 14 years, range = 12–18 years) placed in long-term family foster care about their experiences regarding “school.” Results: A thematic analysis distinguished four main themes: (1) the importance of school for foster children; (2) the impact of the foster care placement on the school performance (3) support foster children receive with regard to their functioning and performance at school; and (4) the fear of stigmatization. Discussion: Foster children attach a great importance to school and receive support from different persons. Yet, many foster children are confronted with school difficulties, such as bullying, hindered concentration, and negative reactions to being placed in foster care. Interventions should be developed to support this group and improve their performances. Furthermore, actors who get in touch with foster children should be better acquainted with foster care.","PeriodicalId":36239,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Child Welfare","volume":"3 1","pages":"135 - 149"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/25161032211013819","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45046682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Crystal Collins-Camargo, Jessica Strolin-Goltzman, A. N. Verbist, Alison Krompf, Becky F. Antle
{"title":"Structured well-being assessments in public child welfare: Observations across two states","authors":"Crystal Collins-Camargo, Jessica Strolin-Goltzman, A. N. Verbist, Alison Krompf, Becky F. Antle","doi":"10.1177/25161032211004605","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/25161032211004605","url":null,"abstract":"Children entering custody within the child welfare system have been found to have high levels of trauma and significant behavioral health needs. In this paper, authors demonstrate how a structured functional well-being assessment can be used with the custody population to promote an understanding of behavioral health needs, inform case planning, and measure functional improvement over time. Specifically, this paper will: (a) briefly describe how two states implemented a common standardized assessment of functioning to inform case planning and measure well-being progress of children in the custody of a public child welfare system (b) examine what this common assessment tool reveals about the strengths and needs of children entering custody across two sites and (c) describe the magnitude of change in functional improvement measured across 6 months. This paper will contribute to the existing knowledge by sharing possible themes in functioning related to children entering custody while examining changes in functioning over time. Implications for practice, policy, and future research will be discussed.","PeriodicalId":36239,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Child Welfare","volume":"3 1","pages":"100 - 118"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/25161032211004605","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43453104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Baker, Melanie B. Fessinger, Kelly McWilliams, Shanna Williams
{"title":"The use of note-taking during forensic interviews: Perceptions and practical recommendations for interviewers","authors":"M. Baker, Melanie B. Fessinger, Kelly McWilliams, Shanna Williams","doi":"10.1177/25161032211002187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/25161032211002187","url":null,"abstract":"The disclosure process for children who have experienced maltreatment is often difficult. In an effort to support children in their disclosures, interviewers have increasingly turned to empirically-based interview protocols (i.e., questioning strategies) that both decrease the suggestibility of questions while also increasing the productivity of children’s statements. Despite efforts to improve the structure of forensic interviews, interviewing support tools, such as note-taking, have received less empirical attention. To date, research examining interviewers’ notes has primarily focused on the accuracy of such records for evidentiary reasons. Yet, note-taking may serve other purposes; for instance, the process of note-taking may increase the accuracy of interviewers’ questions (i.e., use of child’s words) and memory (i.e., follow-up questions and themes) throughout the interview. In the current review, we describe the limited forensic note-taking literature, as well as the potential strengths and weaknesses of note-taking during forensic interviews with children. We end by suggesting potential avenues of research to assist with the creation of practical guidelines for the use of notes during forensic interviews.","PeriodicalId":36239,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Child Welfare","volume":"3 1","pages":"20 - 35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/25161032211002187","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44963286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Laura Orlando, Ashley N. Rousson, S. Barkan, Kristen Greenley, Alyssa Everitt, Emiko A. Tajima
{"title":"Responding to COVID-19’s impact on supervised family time: The supportive virtual family time model","authors":"Laura Orlando, Ashley N. Rousson, S. Barkan, Kristen Greenley, Alyssa Everitt, Emiko A. Tajima","doi":"10.1177/25161032211001078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/25161032211001078","url":null,"abstract":"COVID-19 has put child wellbeing at risk, perhaps especially, for children and youth involved in the foster care system. For these children and youth, any stability they may have experienced since entering care has been disrupted and their contact with parents limited. A sudden shift to virtual only contact meant both parents and caregivers were in need of support to navigate these changes. This study reports on the rapid development and implementation of an eLearning and structured practice guide for visitation supervisors to help them facilitate virtual visits that promote parent-caregiver collaboration in support of the child. Over a four month period, April to August 2020, 140 people registered for the Supportive Virtual Family Time training. Of these participants, 101 (72%) completed a post-training survey which included an evaluation of the eLearning and assessment of the feasibility of implementing the model. Overall, participants were satisfied with the training content and delivery, agreed the training helped them develop new skills for interacting with parents and caregivers, and planned to start using the model right away. Given the ongoing and dynamic nature of the pandemic, there is likely continued need for virtual family time and training and support for supervisors who facilitate these interactions. It is critical these supports are timely, easily accessible, and include practice guidelines and resources that help practitioners facilitate and maintain youths’ critical attachments to their families. Given the potential benefits of supporting parent-caregiver collaboration, the model and accompanying materials address an overarching need in the field and remain relevant even after a return to in-person visitation.","PeriodicalId":36239,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Child Welfare","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/25161032211001078","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49272731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Cudjoe, Debora Daisy Kwabia, M. Chiu, Alhassan Abdullah
{"title":"“Adding salt to wounds”: Parentification among children living with parents with mental illness during the COVID-19 pandemic and the role of social workers","authors":"E. Cudjoe, Debora Daisy Kwabia, M. Chiu, Alhassan Abdullah","doi":"10.1177/2516103221999054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2516103221999054","url":null,"abstract":"Children living with a parent with mental illness experience challenges as some may take on the roles of their parents. Physical distancing restrictions introduced because of the COVID-19 pandemic means that many children will spend more time at home which could heighten the impact of parental mental illness. For many of these children, engaging in activities with peers provides them a sort of normal life outside their family environment. However, face-to-face interactions with others outside the family may be limited under existing public health protocols. Moreover, services for children in families where there is parental mental illness may also be limited considering limitations placed on people’s movements to reduce the rate of COVID-19 infections. This opinion article draws on existing research and practitioner knowledge to suggest how social workers can continue supporting these children and their families during the COVID-19 pandemic. Support, in the form of online interventions, have been recommended to meet the needs of children during the pandemic period. Online support is timely because it is easily accessible and often does not require face-to-face interactions. Social workers and other human service professionals should be able to adapt existing online services to the needs of the children which they serve.","PeriodicalId":36239,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Child Welfare","volume":"3 1","pages":"58 - 67"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/2516103221999054","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45698705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}