JMIR Rehabilitation and Assistive Technologies最新文献

{"title":"Experiences of Persons With Executive Dysfunction in Disability Care Using a Social Robot to Execute Daily Tasks and Increase the Feeling of Independence: Multiple-Case Study.","authors":"Kirstin van Dam,&nbsp;Marieke Gielissen,&nbsp;Rachelle Reijnders,&nbsp;Agnes van der Poel,&nbsp;Brigitte Boon","doi":"10.2196/41313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2196/41313","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Executive functions are essential for independently navigating nearly all of our daily activities. Executive dysfunction often occurs as a result of a neurodevelopmental disorder. Persons with executive dysfunction experience challenges regarding independent execution of daily tasks. Social robots might support persons with executive dysfunction to execute daily tasks and promote their feeling of independence.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to study the impact of interacting with social robot Tessa on goal attainment in the execution of daily tasks and perceived independence of persons with executive dysfunction.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this multiple-case study, 18 participant-caregiver couples were followed up while using Tessa in the home environment for 3 months. Goal attainment on independently performing a self-determined goal was measured by the Goal Attainment Scale, and participant-caregiver couples were interviewed about their experience with their interaction with Tessa and how they perceived Tessa's impact on their independence.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 11 (61%) participants reached their goal after 6 weeks and maintained their goal after 3 months. During the study period, 2 participant-caregiver couples withdrew because of mismatch with Tessa. Participants set goals in the following domains: execution of household tasks; intake of food, water, or medication; being ready in time for an appointment; going to bed or getting out of bed on time; personal care; and exercise. Participants perceived that Tessa increased the feeling of independence by generating more structure, stimulation, and self-direction. Participant-caregiver couples reported that the auditive information provided by Tessa was more effective in coping with executive dysfunction compared to their initial approaches using visual information, and the use of Tessa had a positive impact on their relationship.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study paid ample time and attention to the implementation of a social robot in daily care practice. The encouraging findings support the use of social robot Tessa for the execution of daily tasks and increasing independence of persons with executive dysfunction in disability care.</p>","PeriodicalId":36224,"journal":{"name":"JMIR Rehabilitation and Assistive Technologies","volume":" ","pages":"e41313"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9672999/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40452248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Web-Based System to Capture Consistent and Complete Real-world Data of Physical Therapy Interventions Following Total Knee Replacement: Design and Evaluation Study.","authors":"Patricia D Franklin,&nbsp;Carol A Oatis,&nbsp;Hua Zheng,&nbsp;Marie D Westby,&nbsp;Wilfred Peter,&nbsp;Jeremie Laraque-Two Elk,&nbsp;Joseph Rizk,&nbsp;Ellen Benbow,&nbsp;Wenjun Li","doi":"10.2196/37714","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2196/37714","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Electronic health records (EHRs) have the potential to facilitate consistent clinical data capture to support excellence in patient care, quality improvement, and knowledge generation. Despite widespread EHR use, the vision to transform health care system and its data to a \"learning health care system\" generating knowledge from real-world data is limited by the lack of consistent, structured clinical data.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The purpose of this paper was to demonstrate the design of a web-based structured clinical intervention data capture system and its evaluation in practice. The use case was ambulatory physical therapy (PT) treatment after total knee replacement (TKR), one of the most common and costly procedures today.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To identify the PT intervention type and intensity (or dose) used to treat patients with knee arthritis following TKR, an iterative user-centered design process refined an initial list of PT interventions generated during preliminary chart reviews. Input from practicing physical therapists and national and international experts refined and categorized the interventions. Next, a web-based, hierarchical structured system for intervention and intensity documentation was designed and deployed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The PT documentation system was implemented by 114 physical therapists agreeing to record all interventions at patient visits. Data for 161 patients with 2615 PT visits were entered by 83 physical therapists. No technical problems with data entry were reported, and data entry required less than 2 minutes per visit. A total of 42 (2%) interventions could not be categorized and were recorded using free text.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The use of user-centered design principles provides a road map for developing clinically feasible data capture systems that employ structured collection of uniform data for use by multiple practitioners across institutions to complement and augment existing EHRs. Secondarily, these data can be analyzed to define best practices and disseminate knowledge to practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":36224,"journal":{"name":"JMIR Rehabilitation and Assistive Technologies","volume":" ","pages":"e37714"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9650563/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40453069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Telehealth and Remote Interventions for Children With Cerebral Palsy: Scoping Review.","authors":"Marina Pagaki-Skaliora,&nbsp;Eileen Morrow,&nbsp;Tim Theologis","doi":"10.2196/36842","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2196/36842","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Remote treatment, or telehealth, has shown promise for children with cerebral palsy (CP) prior to 2020; however, the beginning of the global COVID-19 pandemic limiting access to hospitals for face-to-face treatments has driven the need for telehealth and led to a surge in its development. Due to the recent developments, there has been limited synthesis of the available evidence of telehealth for children with CP.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to analyze and summarize the existing evidence for telehealth interventions for the treatment of children with CP and identify any areas requiring further research.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A scoping review was performed. A systematic search of available literature in MEDLINE and PubMed was performed during July 2021. Inclusion criteria for articles were primary research and systematic reviews that investigated telehealth, included children with CP, were published between 2010-2021, and were written in English. Exclusion criteria were secondary research other than systematic reviews; interventions that did not meet the World Health Organization definition of telehealth; or studies where all participants were aged >18 years, children's results were not reported separately, or there were no results reported for children with CP. A scoping review was chosen due to the expected heterogeneity of the participants, as well as the expected small sample sizes and inconsistency of measured outcomes; therefore, a narrative reporting of the results was considered appropriate.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In all, 5 papers were identified, which included the results of 11 studies-2 of the included articles were systematic reviews, which included the results of 3 studies each. These 6 studies, together with 5 primary research articles, were included in this scoping review. The existing evidence is of low methodological quality, primarily consisting of case series. There is some evidence that the requirements of telehealth differ depending on the children's developmental stage and functional level. Telehealth is reported to reduce caregiver burden. There is mixed evidence on children's compliance with telehealth. Overall, the results of telehealth interventions for the treatment of children with CP were positive, indicating either comparable or improved results compared with children receiving usual face-to-face care.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The evidence base is lacking in breadth and methodological quality to provide robust clinical recommendations. Most studies investigated hand function only, indicating the limited scope of existing research. However, this review shows that telehealth has demonstrated potential to improve function for children with CP while making health care services more accessible and reducing caregiver burden. Areas requiring further research include telehealth interventions for the lower limb, postural management, and pain co","PeriodicalId":36224,"journal":{"name":"JMIR Rehabilitation and Assistive Technologies","volume":" ","pages":"e36842"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9629344/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40331822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Internet-Based Information Sharing With Families of Patients With Stroke in a Rehabilitation Hospital During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Case-Control Study.","authors":"Tatsunori Murakami,&nbsp;Yumi Higuchi,&nbsp;Tetsuya Ueda,&nbsp;Wataru Kozuki,&nbsp;Aki Gen","doi":"10.2196/38489","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2196/38489","url":null,"abstract":"Background The spread of COVID-19 has affected stroke rehabilitation. Given that inpatient visits are restricted in most institutions, alternative ways of providing information to family members are imperative. Informing families about patients’ rehabilitation progress via the web may help involve families in the rehabilitation process, enhance patients’ motivation to continue rehabilitation, and contribute overall to patients’ improvement in activities of daily living (ADL). Objective We aimed to investigate the feasibility of the Internet-Based Rehabilitation Information Sharing (IRIS) intervention for families of patients with stroke at a rehabilitation hospital and examine the effect of IRIS on patients’ ADL improvement. Methods In this case-control study, participants were inpatients at a rehabilitation hospital between March 2020 and April 2021. The intervention group (information and communication technology [ICT] group) included patients and families who requested IRIS, which consisted of a progress report on patients’ rehabilitation using text, photos, and videos. Those who did not receive internet-based information were included in the non-ICT group. The control group, matched with the ICT group based on a 1:1 propensity score, was selected from the non-ICT group. The covariates for calculating the propensity score were patients’ age, sex, and motor and cognitive scores on the Functional Independence Measure at admission. The main outcome was the degree of ADL improvement during hospitalization. Multiple regression analysis (forced entry method) was performed to confirm the impact of ICT use on ADL improvement. The independent variables were the presence of intervention, length of hospital stay, and number of days from onset to hospitalization. Results In total, 16 groups of patients and families participated in the IRIS. The mean age of patients was 78.6 (SD 7.2) and 78.6 (SD 8.2) years in the ICT and control groups, respectively. The median total Functional Independence Measure difference was 28.5 (IQR 20.3-53.0) and 11.0 (IQR 2.8-30.0) in the ICT and control groups, respectively, and the ICT group showed significant improvement in ADL function (P=.02). In the multiple regression analysis of the ICT and control groups, the unstandardized regression coefficient was 11.97 (95% CI 0.09-23.84) for ICT use. These results indicate that ICT use was independently and significantly associated with improvement in ADL. Conclusions This study examined the effect of IRIS on family members to improve ADL in patients with stroke who are hospitalized. The results showed that IRIS promotes the improvement of patients’ ADL regardless of age, sex, motor and cognitive functions at admission, and the length of hospital stay.","PeriodicalId":36224,"journal":{"name":"JMIR Rehabilitation and Assistive Technologies","volume":" ","pages":"e38489"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9533205/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40694368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lessons Learned From Clinicians and Stroke Survivors About Using Telerehabilitation Combined With Exergames: Multiple Case Study.","authors":"Dorra Rakia Allegue,&nbsp;Shane Norman Sweet,&nbsp;Johanne Higgins,&nbsp;Philippe S Archambault,&nbsp;Francois Michaud,&nbsp;William C Miller,&nbsp;Michel Tousignant,&nbsp;Dahlia Kairy","doi":"10.2196/31305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2196/31305","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In Canada, stroke survivors have difficulty accessing community-based rehabilitation services because of a lack of resources. VirTele, a personalized remote rehabilitation program combining virtual reality exergames and telerehabilitation, was developed to provide stroke survivors an opportunity to pursue rehabilitation of their chronic upper extremity (UE) deficits at home while receiving ongoing follow-up from a clinician.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>We aimed to identify the behavioral and motivational techniques used by clinicians during the VirTele intervention, explore the indicators of empowerment among stroke survivors, and investigate the determinants of VirTele use among stroke survivors and clinicians.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This multiple case study involved 3 stroke survivors with chronic UE deficits and their respective clinicians (physiotherapists) who participated in the VirTele intervention, a 2-month remote rehabilitation intervention that uses nonimmersive virtual reality exergames and telerehabilitation aimed at improving UE deficits in stroke survivors. Study participants had autonomous access to Jintronix exergames and were asked to use them for 30 minutes, 5 times a week. The VirTele intervention included 1-hour videoconference sessions with a clinician 1 to 3 times a week, during which the clinician engaged in motivational interviewing, supervised the stroke survivors' use of the exergames, and monitored their use of the affected UE through activities of daily living. Semidirected interviews were conducted with the clinicians and stroke survivors 4 to 5 weeks after the end of the VirTele intervention. All interviews were audiorecorded and transcribed verbatim. An abductive thematic analysis was conducted to generate new ideas through a dynamic interaction between data and theory.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Three stroke survivors (n=2, 67%, women and n=1, 33%, man), with a mean age of 58.8 (SD 19.4) years, and 2 physiotherapists participated in the study. Five major determinants of VirTele use emerged from the qualitative analyses, namely technology performance (usefulness and perception of exergames), effort (ease of use), family support (encouragement), facilitators (considerations of the stroke survivors' safety as well as trust and understanding of instructions), and challenges (miscommunication and exergame limits). During the VirTele intervention, both clinicians used motivational and behavioral techniques to support autonomy, competence, and connectivity. All these attributes were reflected as empowerment indicators in the stroke survivors. Lessons learned from using telerehabilitation combined with exergames are provided, which will be relevant to other researchers and contexts.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This multiple case study provides a first glimpse into the impact that motivational interviewing can have on adherence to exergames and changes in behavior","PeriodicalId":36224,"journal":{"name":"JMIR Rehabilitation and Assistive Technologies","volume":" ","pages":"e31305"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9523527/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40360171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Return-to-Work Following Occupational Rehabilitation for Long COVID: Descriptive Cohort Study.","authors":"Katelyn Brehon,&nbsp;Riikka Niemeläinen,&nbsp;Mark Hall,&nbsp;Geoff P Bostick,&nbsp;Cary A Brown,&nbsp;Marguerite Wieler,&nbsp;Douglas P Gross","doi":"10.2196/39883","DOIUrl":"10.2196/39883","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Emerging evidence suggests that worldwide, between 30% and 50% of those who are infected with COVID-19 experience long COVID (LC) symptoms. These symptoms create challenges with return-to-work (RTW) in a high proportion of individuals with LC. To tailor rehabilitation programs to LC sequelae and help improve RTW outcomes, more research on LC rehabilitation program outcomes is needed.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study describes the characteristics and outcomes of workers who participated in an LC occupational rehabilitation program.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cohort study was conducted. Descriptive variables included demographic and occupational factors as well as patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs, ie, the Fatigue Severity Scale [FSS], the Post-COVID Functional Scale [PCFS], the 36-item Short Form Health Survey [SF-36], the Pain Disability Index [PDI], the pain Visual Analogue Scale [VAS], the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire [PHQ-9], the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire [GAD-7], and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders Fifth Edition [DSM-5] posttraumatic stress disorder [PTSD] checklist [PCL-5]). The main outcome variable was the RTW status at discharge. Descriptive statistics were calculated. Logistic regression examined predictors of RTW.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The sample consisted of 81 workers. Most workers were female (n=52, 64%) and from health-related occupations (n=43, 53%). Only 43 (53%) individuals returned to work at program discharge, with 40 (93%) of these returning to modified duties. Although there were statistically significant improvements on the pain VAS (mean 11.1, SD 25.6, t₃₁=2.5, P=.02), the PDI (mean 9.4, SD 12.5, t₃₂=4.3, P<.001), the FSS (mean 3.9, SD 8.7, t₃₈=2.8, P=.01), the SF-36 PCS (mean 4.8, SD 8.7, t₃₈=-3.5, P=.001), the PHQ-9 (mean 3.7, SD 4.0, t₃₁=5.2, P<.001), and the GAD-7 (mean 1.8, SD 4.4, t₂₂=1.8, P=.03), there were no significant improvements in the PCFS, the overall mental component score (MCS) of the SF-36, or on the PCL-5. The availability of modified duties (odds ratio [OR] 3.38, 95% CI 1.26-9.10) and shorter time between infection and admission for rehabilitation (OR 0.99, 95% CI 0.99-1.00) predicted RTW even when controlling for age and gender.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Workers undergoing LC rehabilitation reported significant but modest improvements on a variety of PROMs, but only 43 (53%) returned to work. Outcomes would likely improve with increased availability of modified duties and timelier rehabilitation. Additional research is needed, including larger observational cohorts as well as randomized controlled trials to evaluate the effectiveness of LC rehabilitation.</p>","PeriodicalId":36224,"journal":{"name":"JMIR Rehabilitation and Assistive Technologies","volume":"9 3","pages":"e39883"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9484483/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33461991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Real-Time Telerehabilitation in Older Adults With Musculoskeletal Conditions: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.","authors":"Nathaphon Jirasakulsuk, Pattaridaporn Saengpromma, Santhanee Khruakhorn","doi":"10.2196/36028","DOIUrl":"10.2196/36028","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Real-time telerehabilitation (TR) is a new strategy for delivering rehabilitation interventions to older adults with musculoskeletal conditions, to provide continuity to conventional services and mitigate travel-related barriers.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;We aimed to examine the effectiveness of treatment delivered via real-time TR services compared to conventional services among older adults with musculoskeletal conditions, in terms of physical performance, treatment adherence, and cost-effectiveness.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;A literature search of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published from January 2000 to April 2022 was conducted in six online databases: Cochrane Library, PubMed (ie, MEDLINE), PEDro, ClinicalKey, EBSCO, and ProQuest. The main eligibility criterion for articles was the use of real-time TR among older adults with musculoskeletal conditions to improve physical performance. Two reviewers screened 2108 abstracts and found 10 studies (n=851) that met the eligibility criteria. Quality assessment was based on version 2 of Cochrane's risk-of-bias tool for RCTs, in order to assess the methodological quality of the selected articles. Results were pooled for meta-analyses, based on the primary outcome measures, and were reported as standardized mean differences (SMDs) with 95% CIs. A fixed model was used, and subgroup analysis was performed to check for possible factors influencing TR's effectiveness based on different treatments, controls, and outcome measures.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;The search and screening process identified 10 papers that collectively reported on three musculoskeletal conditions in older adults and three types of TR programs. Aggregate results suggested that real-time TR, compared to conventional treatment, was more effective at improving physical performance regarding balance (SMD 0.63, 95% CI 0.36-0.9; I&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;=58.5%). TR was slightly better than usual care at improving range of motion (SMD 0.28, 95% CI 0.1-0.46; I&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;=0%) and muscle strength (SMD 0.76, 95% CI 0.32-1.2; I&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;=59.60%), with moderate to large effects. Subgroup analyses suggested that real-time TR had medium to large effects favoring the use of smartphones or tablets (SMD 0.92, 95% CI 0.56-1.29; I&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;=45.8%), whereas the use of personal computers (SMD 0.25, 95% CI -0.16 to 0.66; I&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;=0%) had no effect on improving balance and was comparable to conventional treatment.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;We found that real-time TR improved physical performance in older adults with musculoskeletal conditions, with an effectiveness level equal to that of conventional face-to-face treatment. Therefore, real-time TR services may constitute an alternative strategy for the delivery of rehabilitation services to older adults with musculoskeletal conditions to improve their physical performance. We also observed that the ideal device for delivering TR is the smar","PeriodicalId":36224,"journal":{"name":"JMIR Rehabilitation and Assistive Technologies","volume":" ","pages":"e36028"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9478822/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40336987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Automated Assessment of Balance Rehabilitation Exercises With a Data-Driven Scoring Model: Algorithm Development and Validation Study.","authors":"Vassilios Tsakanikas,&nbsp;Dimitris Gatsios,&nbsp;Athanasios Pardalis,&nbsp;Kostas M Tsiouris,&nbsp;Eleni Georga,&nbsp;Doris-Eva Bamiou,&nbsp;Marousa Pavlou,&nbsp;Christos Nikitas,&nbsp;Dimitrios Kikidis,&nbsp;Isabelle Walz,&nbsp;Christoph Maurer,&nbsp;Dimitrios Fotiadis","doi":"10.2196/37229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2196/37229","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Balance rehabilitation programs represent the most common treatments for balance disorders. Nonetheless, lack of resources and lack of highly expert physiotherapists are barriers for patients to undergo individualized rehabilitation sessions. Therefore, balance rehabilitation programs are often transferred to the home environment, with a considerable risk of the patient misperforming the exercises or failing to follow the program at all. Holobalance is a persuasive coaching system with the capacity to offer full-scale rehabilitation services at home. Holobalance involves several modules, from rehabilitation program management to augmented reality coach presentation.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of this study was to design, implement, test, and evaluate a scoring model for the accurate assessment of balance rehabilitation exercises, based on data-driven techniques.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The data-driven scoring module is based on an extensive data set (approximately 1300 rehabilitation exercise sessions) collected during the Holobalance pilot study. It can be used as a training and testing data set for training machine learning (ML) models, which can infer the scoring components of all physical rehabilitation exercises. In that direction, for creating the data set, 2 independent experts monitored (in the clinic) 19 patients performing 1313 balance rehabilitation exercises and scored their performance based on a predefined scoring rubric. On the collected data, preprocessing, data cleansing, and normalization techniques were applied before deploying feature selection techniques. Finally, a wide set of ML algorithms, like random forests and neural networks, were used to identify the most suitable model for each scoring component.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results of the trained model improved the performance of the scoring module in terms of more accurate assessment of a performed exercise, when compared with a rule-based scoring model deployed at an early phase of the system (k-statistic value of 15.9% for sitting exercises, 20.8% for standing exercises, and 26.8% for walking exercises). Finally, the resulting performance of the model resembled the threshold of the interobserver variability, enabling trustworthy usage of the scoring module in the closed-loop chain of the Holobalance coaching system.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The proposed set of ML models can effectively score the balance rehabilitation exercises of the Holobalance system. The models had similar accuracy in terms of Cohen kappa analysis, with interobserver variability, enabling the scoring module to infer the score of an exercise based on the collected signals from sensing devices. More specifically, for sitting exercises, the scoring model had high classification accuracy, ranging from 0.86 to 0.90. Similarly, for standing exercises, the classification accuracy ranged from 0.85 to 0.92, while for walking exer","PeriodicalId":36224,"journal":{"name":"JMIR Rehabilitation and Assistive Technologies","volume":" ","pages":"e37229"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9475421/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40331903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection of Low Back Physiotherapy Exercises With Inertial Sensors and Machine Learning: Algorithm Development and Validation.","authors":"Abdalrahman Alfakir,&nbsp;Colin Arrowsmith,&nbsp;David Burns,&nbsp;Helen Razmjou,&nbsp;Michael Hardisty,&nbsp;Cari Whyne","doi":"10.2196/38689","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2196/38689","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Physiotherapy is a critical element in the successful conservative management of low back pain (LBP). A gold standard for quantitatively measuring physiotherapy participation is crucial to understanding physiotherapy adherence in managing recovery from LBP.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to develop and evaluate a system with wearable inertial sensors to objectively detect the performance of unsupervised exercises for LBP comprising movement in multiple planes and sitting postures.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A quantitative classification design was used within a machine learning framework to detect exercise performance and posture in a cohort of healthy participants. A set of 8 inertial sensors were placed on the participants, and data were acquired as they performed 7 McKenzie low back exercises and 3 sitting posture positions. Engineered time series features were extracted from the data and used to train 9 models by using a 6-fold cross-validation approach, from which the best 2 models were selected for further study. In addition, a convolutional neural network was trained directly on the time series data. A feature importance analysis was performed to identify sensor locations and channels that contributed the most to the models. Finally, a subset of sensor locations and channels was included in a hyperparameter grid search to identify the optimal sensor configuration and best performing algorithms for exercise and posture classification. The final models were evaluated using the F₁ score in a 10-fold cross-validation approach.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 19 healthy adults with no history of LBP each completed at least one full session of exercises and postures. Random forest and XGBoost (extreme gradient boosting) models performed the best out of the initial set of 9 engineered feature models. The optimal hardware configuration was identified as a 3-sensor setup-lower back, left thigh, and right ankle sensors with acceleration, gyroscope, and magnetometer channels. The XGBoost model achieved the highest exercise (F₁ score: mean 0.94, SD 0.03) and posture (F₁ score: mean 0.90, SD 0.11) classification scores. The convolutional neural network achieved similar results with the same sensor locations, using only the accelerometer and gyroscope channels for exercise classification (F₁ score: mean 0.94, SD 0.02) and the accelerometer channel alone for posture classification (F₁ score: mean 0.88, SD 0.07).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study demonstrates the potential of a 3-sensor lower body wearable solution (eg, smart pants) that can identify exercises in multiple planes and proper sitting postures, which is suitable for the treatment of LBP. This technology has the potential to improve the effectiveness of LBP rehabilitation by facilitating quantitative feedback, early problem diagnosis, and possible remote monito","PeriodicalId":36224,"journal":{"name":"JMIR Rehabilitation and Assistive Technologies","volume":" ","pages":"e38689"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9449825/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40631774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assistive Robots for Patients With Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Exploratory Task-Based Evaluation Study With an Early-Stage Demonstrator.","authors":"Robert Klebbe,&nbsp;Stefan Scherzinger,&nbsp;Cornelia Eicher","doi":"10.2196/35304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2196/35304","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Although robotic manipulators have great potential in promoting motor independence of people with motor impairments, only few systems are currently commercially available. In addition to technical, economic, and normative barriers, a key challenge for their distribution is the current lack of evidence regarding their usefulness, acceptance, and user-specific requirements.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>Against this background, a semiautonomous robot system was developed in the research and development project, robot-assisted services for individual and resource-oriented intensive and palliative care of people with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ROBINA), to support people with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) in various everyday activities.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The developed early-stage demonstrator was evaluated in a task-based laboratory study of 11 patients with ALS. On the basis of a multimethod design consisting of standardized questionnaires, open-ended questions, and observation protocols, participants were asked about its relevance to everyday life, usability, and design requirements.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Most participants considered the system to provide relevant support within the test scenarios and for their everyday life. On the basis of the System Usability Scale, the overall usability of the robot-assisted services for individual and resource-oriented intensive and palliative care of people with ALS system was rated as excellent, with a median of 90 (IQR 75-95) points. Moreover, 3 central areas of requirements for the development of semiautonomous robotic manipulators were identified and discussed: requirements for semiautonomous human-robot collaboration, requirements for user interfaces, and requirements for the adaptation of robotic capabilities regarding everyday life.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Robotic manipulators can contribute to increase the autonomy of people with ALS. A key issue for future studies is how the existing ability level and the required robotic capabilities can be balanced to ensure both high user satisfaction and effective and efficient task performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":36224,"journal":{"name":"JMIR Rehabilitation and Assistive Technologies","volume":" ","pages":"e35304"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9449829/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40633641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}