JMIR Pediatrics and Parenting最新文献

{"title":"Multidisciplinary Telehealth for Pediatric Developmental and Mental Health Care in Rural and Remote Australia: Interview Study Among Caregivers and Service Providers.","authors":"Leda Sivak, Marcel Zimmet, Blake Dear, Rosemary Evans, Jacqueline Emery, Allison Waters, Elizabeth J Elliott","doi":"10.2196/89927","DOIUrl":"10.2196/89927","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Geography and socioeconomic disadvantage impede access to appropriate services for rural and remote-dwelling children with complex developmental and mental health needs. Telehealth offers opportunities to increase access to essential health and well-being services for people with complex needs who live in rural and remote areas, whose experiences of mental ill-health are frequently compounded by social marginalization and economic disadvantage.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to describe caregivers' and service providers' perspectives on the challenges and value of telehealth services for rural and remote children by drawing on experiences within a specialist service (Royal Far West; RFW) that provides mental and developmental health services to rural and remote-dwelling children and families in Australia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants included a convenience sample of caregivers of children who use RFW services (n=11) and service providers from RFW (n=21). Deidentified interview transcript data were analyzed thematically using framework analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Caregivers were generally enthusiastic about telehealth but acknowledged potential technological limitations and challenges to effectively engaging some children. While acknowledging its value and importance, RFW service providers identified additional challenges with providing telehealth, such as limited capacity for some detailed clinical assessments and potential child and family risk and safety issues.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Telehealth remains a vital option within multidisciplinary services to improve access and outcomes for children in rural and remote communities who present with complex mental and developmental health needs. Despite challenges, rural and remote caregivers and RFW service providers identified telehealth as a beneficial, accessible, and effective component of multidisciplinary care for children with complex mental and developmental health needs. These caregiver and service provider perspectives will inform ongoing service development, research, and advocacy.</p>","PeriodicalId":36223,"journal":{"name":"JMIR Pediatrics and Parenting","volume":"9 ","pages":"e89927"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13395194/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148580563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a Virtual Transition Program for Adolescents and Young Adults With Type 1 Diabetes: Three-Stage User-Centered Design Study.","authors":"Sarah Cary Haynes, Patrick S Romano, Salvador Lopez, Erin Conboy Heiser, Allison Reggiardo, Bethany M Kwan, Elaine H Morrato, Jennifer L Rosenthal, Miriam Sarkisian, Abigail Leon, Deborah Plante, Stephanie S Crossen","doi":"10.2196/91543","DOIUrl":"10.2196/91543","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Adolescents and young adults (AYAs) with type 1 diabetes (T1D) face a heightened risk of care gaps and preventable complications during the transition from pediatric to adult care. AYAs from low-income families are more likely to experience poor outcomes. Care guidelines for T1D now recommend a transition program beginning several years prior to anticipated independence. However, existing transition programs often require substantial resources, limiting their scalability and accessibility.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>We used a human-centered design approach to develop and refine a low-cost, virtual intervention to support T1D transitions among publicly insured AYAs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Guided by the \"3I\" model (inspiration, ideation, implementation) of IDEO, we conducted semistructured interviews with 26 providers and staff across 4 University of California medical centers to identify challenges and opportunities for improving transition care. We then completed customer discovery interviews with 36 adopters and influencers, including AYAs, endocrinologists, and diabetes educators, to identify priorities and needs and create value propositions. The resulting intervention was tested with 3 cohorts (n=25) of publicly insured AYAs aged 17 to 21 years receiving pediatric diabetes care at an academic medical center. The intervention consisted of two 75-minute virtual group sessions led by a diabetes educator and peer mentors with lived experience. Feasibility, acceptability, and appropriateness were assessed via validated surveys and qualitative interviews.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Core functions of the intervention included education and discussion on \"adulting with diabetes\" and navigating the health care system, interactive creation of a transition plan, mentors sharing their experiences with diabetes, open discussion among peers, opportunities to ask questions, and provision of resources based on individual needs. Facilitators and mentors reported high feasibility (mean 4.25, SD 0.52) and appropriateness (mean 4.43, SD 0.53). Qualitative interviews highlighted peer support and lived-experience mentorship as core drivers of engagement. Attendance was highest among participants enrolled closer to session dates. Participant feedback informed ongoing adaptations to content and delivery across cohorts, including timing of the intervention, use of the chat function, multiple text reminders before intervention sessions, and specific topics of interest.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This human-centered virtual transition intervention addressed priorities identified by AYAs, peer mentors, and clinicians, including peer support, judgment-free discussion, and self-advocacy. While engagement and attendance varied across cohorts, findings support further refinement and evaluation of the intervention in diverse settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":36223,"journal":{"name":"JMIR Pediatrics and Parenting","volume":"9 ","pages":"e91543"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13374792/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148473297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Online Information About Cardiac Neurodevelopment: Mixed Methods Study.","authors":"Jesse Boyett Anderson, Gabrielle Chinman, Diego Cisneros, Xiao Zhang, Peter Ferrazzano, Krisjon R Olson","doi":"10.2196/70630","DOIUrl":"10.2196/70630","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Infants with complex heart disease often have delayed development, learning difficulties, and mental health problems as they grow older. Their parents and other caregivers engage in online health information-seeking behavior to understand and support their children's health and development.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>In this study, we analyze the presence, nature, and presentation of information about neurodevelopment on the websites of congenital cardiac surgical programs in the United States.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used a mixed methods approach, specifically a convergent design. We correlated the presence and presentation of information about neurodevelopment on each program's website with state-level and program-specific factors extracted from multiple publicly available databases. Quantitative analysis methods included descriptive analyses, Student t tests, Pearson chi-square test, and multivariate logistic regression analysis, all performed using SPSS (IBM Corp). Qualitative methods included both inductive and deductive content analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Only 39% (50/129) of programs provided any information about neurodevelopment online. High surgical volume correlated with the presence of online information (P<.001). Websites were written at an average 7th to 10th grade reading level, and fewer than 5% of websites had information in a language other than English. Two semantic clusters of website format, content, and element selection were identified, reflecting distinct approaches to adult learners. Program websites clustered into \"sage on the stage\" and \"guide on the side\" formats. Few websites incorporated features caregivers previously identified as useful, with only 6% including the four most helpful features.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We highlight the paucity of accessible caregiver-oriented information about neurodevelopment on congenital cardiac surgical programs' websites in the United States and characterize two primary website models. The lack of information may negatively impact caregiver understanding of and engagement with neurodevelopmental services for their child with a congenital heart defect. Future research should explore the impact of each website model on caregiver understanding of and engagement with neurodevelopmental services, as well as the generalizability of these findings to other domains of pediatric subspecialty care.</p>","PeriodicalId":36223,"journal":{"name":"JMIR Pediatrics and Parenting","volume":"9 ","pages":"e70630"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13367757/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148449337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physical Activity Guidance Resources for Rural Families of Neurodiverse or Developmentally Diverse Children: Exploratory Co-Design Study.","authors":"Kate Freire, Rodney Pope, Kristen Andrews, Jason Bennie, Megan Suthern","doi":"10.2196/92658","DOIUrl":"10.2196/92658","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Being active benefits children and their parents, but there is a lack of co-designed resources that support families to engage in physical activity (PA) together.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;This exploratory co-design study aimed to identify ways to optimize guidance resources intended to assist in being active together, and to evaluate the co-design approach it used.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Physiotherapist-researchers with experience and expertise in family PA drafted 2 evidence-informed prototypes. One prototype informed families about the holistic benefits of being active together, while the other helped families to plan their episode of PA. Twelve parents from 9 rural families and their neurodiverse or developmentally diverse children (n=13) were recruited as co-designers to ensure a wide range of considerations. Family co-designers took part in 2 to 3 workshops. They trialed the prototypes, telling researchers what worked well and how to improve them. Child and adult advisory groups oversaw the co-design approach. Each group met 3 times, with the child advisory group meeting prior to the adult advisory group. A child voice facilitator and advocate was used to support the child advisory groups and facilitate communication between child and adult advisory groups.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Sixty-two changes were made to the prototypes in response to feedback from families and researcher observations. Key changes to resources recommended by children, parents, and researchers to increase user acceptability and usability included changing the ordering of the planning resource to reflect the way that most families used it, adding a \"hard words\" section to improve readability, support to normalize that no-one wins all the time, additional examples to cover each section of the resources, and encourage negotiation among families to ensure that the planned PA was mutually desirable. All families used the resources to successfully complete, or adapt, their planned session of PA together. Overall, co-designers and advisory group members perceived the co-design approach to be appropriate and responsive. However, the researchers identified a possible gap in final communication with the children regarding dissemination of results of the project which were provided to families via parents' email.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;The co-design approach used in this study supported families, including neurodiverse and developmentally diverse children, to trial and provide feedback on PA resources. The large number of changes made to the resources from co-designer suggestions and researcher observations highlights the importance of gaining user feedback for consumer resources. Future research is needed to evaluate how these co-designed resources may impact family PA behavior and identity. The transparent co-design approach and evaluation highlighted limitations for research communication to children, which ","PeriodicalId":36223,"journal":{"name":"JMIR Pediatrics and Parenting","volume":"9 ","pages":"e92658"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13367945/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148449413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of a Social Robot on Hospitalized Children, Caregivers, and Health Care Staff: Exploratory Observational Study.","authors":"Atsushi Iwai, Naohiro Matsumaru, Minami Ohshima, Ibuki Yasui, Akane Yoshida, Ayumi Ohno, Hiroyuki Kuroda, Kuniaki Tanaka, Kenichiro Kobayashi, Takako Tachibana, Ikuya Usami, Yusuke Ito, Toshiro Maihara","doi":"10.2196/93897","DOIUrl":"10.2196/93897","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Hospitalization poses significant psychosocial challenges for children, including anxiety, emotional distress, and disruption of daily routines. While animal-assisted therapy has shown benefits, practical barriers such as infection control concerns and inconsistent availability limit its implementation in pediatric wards. Social robots have emerged as a promising alternative, but evidence on their psychosocial impact in pediatric settings remains limited. LOVOT is a companion robot designed for emotional engagement through warmth, softness, and nonverbal interaction; however, no studies have examined its effects in pediatric health care.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;This exploratory study aimed to assess the perceived impact of LOVOT on hospitalized children, their caregivers, and health care staff in a pediatric ward.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;This prospective observational study was conducted in a pediatric ward at Hyogo Prefectural Amagasaki General Medical Center, Japan, from May 2024 to March 2025. Two LOVOT units were permanently installed in the playroom for free interaction. Caregivers (n=110) and health care staff (n=32) completed postintroduction questionnaires with retrospective ratings of perceived change using 5-point Likert scales (1=\"much worse\" to 5=\"much better,\" with 3=\"no change\" as the baseline). Free-text responses (n=91) were analyzed using automated emotion classification. One-sample 2-tailed t tests or Wilcoxon signed-rank tests compared ratings against the baseline, with false discovery rate (FDR) correction for multiple comparisons.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;All 10 caregiver-rated and 11 of 12 staff-rated outcomes showed significant perceived improvement (all caregiver items FDR P&lt;.001; staff items FDR P≤.02; the workload item was not significant, P=.37). Mean ratings ranged from 3.28 to 4.62 on the 5-point scale (baseline: 3=\"no change\"). The largest perceived improvements were reported for children's enjoyment of hospital life (mean 4.47, SD 0.62), adaptation to hospital life (mean 4.10, SD 0.70 to mean 4.28, SD 0.63), and stress and anxiety reduction (mean 4.17, SD 0.76 to mean 4.19, SD 0.64). One-sample effect sizes ranged from medium to very large (Cohen d=0.53-2.67); however, because these were calculated against a fixed neutral baseline rather than a control group, they should be interpreted cautiously. Ratings from caregivers and staff showed strong agreement on 4 of 5 matched items. Notably, no detectable increase in staff workload was observed (mean 3.09, SD 0.53; P=.37), supporting implementation feasibility. Qualitative analysis revealed predominantly positive responses, with joy as the dominant emotion (mean probability 88.7%, 95% CI 86.8%-90.6%).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;This study provides preliminary evidence that a companion robot (LOVOT) may positively impact hospitalized children, caregivers, and health care staff across multiple psychosocial ","PeriodicalId":36223,"journal":{"name":"JMIR Pediatrics and Parenting","volume":"9 ","pages":"e93897"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13352968/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148425025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Striving for Triadic Collaboration in Pediatric Speech Sound Disorder Intervention: Grounded Theory Study.","authors":"Soyoung Kyung, Youngsam Min, Byoung-A Min, Yuyoung Kim, Jinwoo Kim","doi":"10.2196/86364","DOIUrl":"10.2196/86364","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Collaboration between speech-language pathologists (SLPs) and parents is central to pediatric speech sound disorder (SSD) intervention. Prior research has emphasized the relational and home-practice components of collaboration; however, little is known about the enactment, organization, and maintenance of collaborative processes across SLP sessions and home practice in relation to speech sound generalization.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study examined the enactment and organization of collaboration between SLPs and parents in pediatric SSD intervention, with attention to children's participation. Using a grounded theory approach, it aimed to develop an empirically grounded conceptual account of how collaboration is organized in relation to speech sound generalization.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This qualitative study adopted a Strauss and Corbin-oriented grounded theory approach. Semistructured interviews were conducted with 12 SLPs and 10 parents of children aged 4 to 7 years receiving SSD intervention in South Korea. Data collection and analysis proceeded iteratively using open, axial, and selective coding with constant comparison. A paradigm model explicated relationships among categories, and selective coding integrated categories around a core category.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The central phenomenon was conceptualized as striving for triadic collaboration, reflecting SLPs' and parents' efforts to coordinate roles, expectations, and practice while supporting children's participation across SLP sessions and home practice. Three interrelated action/interaction strategies were identified: SLP-led monitoring strategies, parent-led home-based intervention strategies, and gradual motivation strategies. These collaborative processes were shaped by background and practice-level constraints. A category integration diagram was developed to represent how the core category, action/interaction strategies, and contextual concerns were organized around triadic collaboration.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings suggest that collaboration in pediatric SSD intervention is a contextually embedded process in which SLPs and parents coordinate roles and practices across SLP sessions and home practice while supporting children's participation. The category integration diagram represents how collaborative processes were organized across settings in relation to the gap between structured target sound production and everyday speech use. These findings highlight the relevance of coordinated collaboration for supporting practice across settings in relation to speech sound generalization.</p>","PeriodicalId":36223,"journal":{"name":"JMIR Pediatrics and Parenting","volume":"9 ","pages":"e86364"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13392537/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148406262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Screen Exposure and Childhood Adiposity in Socially Vulnerable Settings: Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Ana Duarte, Juliana Martins, Maria José Silva, Cláudia Augusto, Rafaela Rosário","doi":"10.2196/77431","DOIUrl":"10.2196/77431","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Screen-based media use among children has been increasing, particularly in lower socioeconomic groups. As this behavior is linked to obesogenic habits, it is crucial to examine the associations between screen-based media use and adiposity in primary schoolchildren, particularly those from socially vulnerable contexts, such as children from the Educational Territories of Priority Intervention program.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to examine the associations between screen-based media use and adiposity in primary schoolchildren from socially vulnerable contexts.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study, part of the BeE-school Project, included 735 children (mean age 7.7, SD 1.2 years; n=380, 51.7% boys and n=355, 48.3% girls) from 10 primary schools located in vulnerable contexts in northern Portugal. Researchers recorded weight, height, and waist circumference and calculated BMI z scores and the waist-to-height ratio (WHtR). Screen-based media use was reported by parents using the ScreenQ tool, which includes 4 domains (screen access, frequency of use, media content, and caregiver-child coviewing). Sociodemographic and anthropometric data of parents were obtained via a questionnaire. Generalized linear models were applied.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A higher screen-based media use score was associated with higher BMI z scores and WHtR (b=0.064, 95% CI 0.034-0.094 and b=0.002, 95% CI 0.001-0.003, respectively) even after adjusting for children's sex and age and parents' education and BMI. Significant associations (P<.05) were also observed for the domains of screen access, frequency of use, and media content.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Screen-based media use is linked to higher BMI and WHtR in vulnerable children. Reducing screen access, limiting use frequency, and curating media content could improve health outcomes. Interventions for obesity prevention should consider these factors.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05395364; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05395364.</p>","PeriodicalId":36223,"journal":{"name":"JMIR Pediatrics and Parenting","volume":"9 ","pages":"e77431"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13392524/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148406266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Millimeter-Wave Imaging for Idiopathic Scoliosis Screening: Diagnostic Accuracy Study.","authors":"Wei Li, Chang Liu, Qinglin Zhang, Xiaotian Tong, Yu Xia, Zhenli Zhao, Cailiang Shen","doi":"10.2196/92125","DOIUrl":"10.2196/92125","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Idiopathic scoliosis is a common 3D spinal deformity with a global prevalence of 2% to 3% in adolescents. Early detection is crucial for timely intervention and preventing curve progression. Although standing full-spine radiography with Cobb angle measurement remains the diagnostic gold standard, its time-consuming nature limits its utility for large-scale screening. Safe, rapid, and noninvasive screening methods are urgently needed to identify high-risk individuals while reserving x-rays for definitive diagnosis.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of a custom-developed millimeter-wave imaging system in patients with suspected scoliosis, with radiographic Cobb angle measurement serving as the reference standard, and explore its potential as a first-line screening tool.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;This prospective diagnostic accuracy study enrolled consecutive outpatients with suspected scoliosis. All participants underwent rapid millimeter-wave imaging scanning (K&lt;sub&gt;a&lt;/sub&gt; band, 29-40 GHz with no undressing required) followed by standard standing full-spine radiography. Scoliosis was defined as a Cobb angle of 10° or higher. Millimeter-wave images were evaluated using four morphological indicators: (1) shoulder height asymmetry (≥2 cm), (2) trunk lateral shift (≥2 cm), (3) waistline contour asymmetry (≥5°), and (4) lower-limb height difference (≥1 cm). A multiparameter integration strategy classified screening as positive if more than 2 indicators exceeded threshold values. Cobb angle measurements were performed independently by 2 experienced orthopedic surgeons blinded to millimeter-wave image results and each other's assessments. Diagnostic performance metrics (sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and overall accuracy) were calculated according to the STARD (Standards for Reporting of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies) guidelines. A multivariate logistic regression model incorporating the 4 morphological parameters was constructed for receiver operating characteristic curve analysis.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Ultimately, 132 participants were included. Radiographic evaluation confirmed 98 (74.2%) cases with scoliosis (Cobb angle≥10°) and 34 (25.8%) negative cases. Millimeter-wave imaging achieved an overall accuracy of 86.4% (114/132; 95% CI 76.5%-94.7%), sensitivity of 85.7% (84/98; 95% CI 75.1%-96.5%), specificity of 88.2% (30/34; 95% CI 70.7%-97.6%), positive predictive value of 95.5%, and negative predictive value of 68.2%. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis of the multivariate logistic regression model exhibited an area under the curve of 0.862 (95% CI 0.802-0.922), with a sensitivity of 92.9% (91/98) and specificity of 38.2% (13/34). Notably, sensitivity was lower for mild curves (Cobb angle=10°-20°) than for moderate or severe curves (≥20°).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;Millimeter-wave","PeriodicalId":36223,"journal":{"name":"JMIR Pediatrics and Parenting","volume":"9 ","pages":"e92125"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13386118/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148391860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clostridium Abundance and Lower Weight-for-Age <i>z</i> Scores Among 6-Month-Old Infants: Nested Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Syamsul Alam, Veni Hadju, Ansariadi Ansariadi, Nurhaedar Jafar, Muh Tahir Abdullah, Syamsuar Manyullei","doi":"10.2196/87452","DOIUrl":"10.2196/87452","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The gut microbiota plays a crucial role in infant nutrition through its effects on energy metabolism, nutrient absorption, and immune regulation. However, evidence from Indonesian infants remains limited.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to examine the association between genus-level gut microbiota abundance and weight-for-age z scores (WAZ) among 6-month-old infants in coastal Banggai District, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a nested follow-up cross-sectional observational analysis of 88 six-month-old infants, including 42 (47.7%) who were born to mothers who were assigned to receive Moringa oleifera enriched with royal jelly group and 46 (52.3%) who were assigned to receive a multiple micronutrient supplement in a previous maternal supplementation trial. Maternal and infant characteristics were collected via structured interviews and standardized anthropometric measurements. WAZ was calculated using the World Health Organization Child Growth Standards, and underweight (WAZ <-2 SD) was reported as a secondary indicator. Stool samples were analyzed using genus-specific quantitative polymerase chain reaction to quantify Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Bacteroides, Clostridium, and Escherichia coli (log10 colony-forming unit/mL). Associations between bacterial abundance and WAZ were assessed using multivariable linear regression adjusted for maternal supplementation allocation and relevant maternal, environmental, and infant covariates.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The pooled mean WAZ was -0.47 (SD 1.09), and 8% (7/88) of the infants were underweight. The combined abundance of beneficial genera was higher than that of opportunistic bacteria (E coli and Clostridium; Wilcoxon signed-rank test; P=.002). Higher Clostridium abundance was inversely associated with WAZ (unadjusted β=-.094, 95% CI -0.173 to -0.015; P=.02; adjusted β=-.091, 95% CI -0.172 to -0.010; P=.03). No statistically significant associations were observed for Bifidobacterium (P=.13), Lactobacillus (P=.19), Bacteroides (P=.70), or E coli (P=.18) in adjusted models.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Among 6-month-old infants in coastal Central Sulawesi, higher genus-level Clostridium abundance was independently associated with lower WAZ. Given the cross-sectional design and genus-level quantitative polymerase chain reaction assessment, temporality and species-level mechanisms cannot be established. Longitudinal studies using more comprehensive microbiome profiling are warranted to clarify potential pathways linking gut microbiota and early-life growth.</p>","PeriodicalId":36223,"journal":{"name":"JMIR Pediatrics and Parenting","volume":"9 ","pages":"e87452"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13335944/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148399592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Japan's \"Hello Baby\" Home Visit Program: Secondary Analysis of Municipal Evaluation Data.","authors":"Takehiro Arai, Aya Goto","doi":"10.2196/97276","DOIUrl":"10.2196/97276","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Unlabelled: </strong>Given growing concern about maternal loneliness in Japan, this secondary analysis of municipal evaluation data suggests that the nationwide Universal Home Visit Program for Families with Infants (\"Hello Baby\") may serve as an initial point of contact and an entry point for expanding parenting support networks, with most mothers receiving a visit and reporting encouragement to talk with someone afterward.</p>","PeriodicalId":36223,"journal":{"name":"JMIR Pediatrics and Parenting","volume":"9 ","pages":"e97276"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13331065/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148382431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}