JMIR Pediatrics and Parenting最新文献

{"title":"Parental Information-Use Strategies in a Digital Parenting Environment and Their Associations With Parental Social Support and Self-Efficacy: Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Ryuta Onishi","doi":"10.2196/58757","DOIUrl":"10.2196/58757","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In today's digital society, the acquisition of parenting information through online platforms such as social networking sites (SNSs) has become widespread. Amid the mix of online and offline information sources, there is a need to discover effective information-seeking methods for solving parenting problems.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to identify patterns of information use among parents of young children in the digital age and elucidate the characteristics of these patterns through a comparative analysis of parental social support and self-efficacy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An internet-based survey was administered to fathers and mothers of children aged 0-3 years. Convenience sampling, facilitated by an internet-based survey company, was adopted, and data from 227 fathers and 206 mothers were analyzed. The survey included questions on personal characteristics, frequency of use of different sources of parenting information (websites, SNSs, parenting apps, family, friends, and professionals), availability of parental social support, and parental self-efficacy. The Partitioning Around Medoids (PAM) clustering algorithm was used to identify patterns in parenting information use.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 4 clusters were identified: multisource gatherers (n=161), offline-centric gatherers (n=105), online-centric gatherers (n=86), and minimal information gatherers (n=68). The availability of parental social support was perceived to be relatively higher among multisource and offline-centric gatherers compared with online-centric and minimal information gatherers. Parental self-efficacy was highest among multisource gatherers, followed by offline-centric and online-centric gatherers, and lowest among minimal information gatherers.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study contributes to the evidence that online information can effectively complement offline information in addressing parenting challenges, although its ability to fully replace offline sources remains limited. Parenting support professionals are encouraged to understand parents' current information use strategies and actively foster their social relationships, helping them to adopt more diverse and comprehensive approaches to information use.</p>","PeriodicalId":36223,"journal":{"name":"JMIR Pediatrics and Parenting","volume":"7 ","pages":"e58757"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11695971/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142865448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gender Inequalities in Employment of Parents Caring for Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder in China: Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Yanan Zhao, Huiyun Fan, Yanan Luo, Rong Zhang, Xiaoying Zheng","doi":"10.2196/59696","DOIUrl":"10.2196/59696","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The increasing need for child care is placing a burden on parents, including those with children with autism.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of this study was to examine the employment status of Chinese mothers and fathers with children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), as well as to investigate the factors that affected their employment decisions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An online national survey was completed by the parents of 5018 children and adolescents with ASD aged 2-17 years (4837 couples, 181 single mothers, and 148 single fathers). The dependent variable was employment status-whether they kept working or quit to take care of their child. The independent variables were those characterizing the needs of the child and the sociodemographic characteristics of the family.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The employment rate of mothers with children and adolescents with ASD was 37.3% (1874/5018), while 96.7% (4823/4988) of fathers were employed. In addition, 54.3% (2723/5018) of mothers resigned from employment outside the home to care for their children, while only 2.8% (139/4988) of fathers resigned due to caring obligations. Mothers' employment was positively associated with their single marital status, lower educational level, and having assistance from grandparents. Having the grandparents' assistance was positively associated with fathers' employment.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Gender inequalities in employment exist in China. Mothers caring for children with ASD had lower workforce participation than fathers. More female-friendly policies and a stronger gender equality ideology would be of benefit to Chinese society.</p>","PeriodicalId":36223,"journal":{"name":"JMIR Pediatrics and Parenting","volume":"7 ","pages":"e59696"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11683506/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142972438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Access to Primary Care Telemedicine and Visit Characterization in a Pediatric, Low-Income, Primarily Latino Population: Retrospective Study.","authors":"Priya R Pathak, Melissa S Stockwell, Mariellen M Lane, Laura Robbins-Milne, Suzanne Friedman, Kalpana Pethe, Margaret C Krause, Karen Soren, Luz Adriana Matiz, Lauren B Solomon, Maria E Burke, Edith Bracho-Sanchez","doi":"10.2196/57702","DOIUrl":"10.2196/57702","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Since the COVID-19 pandemic, telemedicine has been widely integrated into primary care pediatrics. While initial studies showed some concern for disparities in telemedicine use, telemedicine uptake for pediatric patients in a low-income, primarily Latino community over a sustained period has yet to be described.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;We aimed to assess the relationship between demographics, patient portal activation, and telemedicine visits, as well as characterize diagnoses addressed in telemedicine, in a low-income, primarily Latino population over time.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;A multidisciplinary team conducted outreach for telemedicine and patient portal activation with the adoption of a new electronic health record. Data were collected on all in-person and telemedicine visits from February 2020 through April 2021 for 4 community-based pediatric practices. The outcomes included patient portal activation, telemedicine use, and reason for telemedicine visits. Bivariate tests and multivariate regression analyses were conducted to assess the independent effects of demographics on the likelihood of portal activation and having a telemedicine visit. Telemedicine diagnoses were categorized, and subanalyses were conducted to explore variations by age and month.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;There were 12,377 unique patients and 7127 telemedicine visits. Latino patients made up 83.4% (n=8959) of the population. Nearly all patients (n=10,830, 87.5%) had an activated portal, and 33.8% (n=4169) had at least 1 telemedicine visit. Portal activation decreased with age &gt;2 years (2-4 years: adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.62, 95% CI 0.51-0.76; 5-11 years: aOR 0.28, 95% CI 0.23-0.32; 12-14 years: aOR 0.29, 95% CI 0.23-0.35; and 15-17 years: aOR 0.46, 95% CI 0.36-0.58). Spanish-speaking (aOR 0.52, 95% CI 0.45-0.59) and non-Latino patients (aOR 0.64, 95% CI 0.54-0.76) had decreased odds of activation and having a telemedicine visit (aOR 0.81, 95% CI 0.74-0.89 and aOR 0.71, 95% CI 0.62-0.81, respectively). The top 5 diagnostic categories for telemedicine were infectious disease (n=1749, 26.1%), dermatology (n=1287, 19.5%), gastrointestinal (n=771, 11.7%), well and follow-up care (n=459, 7%), and other specialty-related care (n=415, 6.3%). Infectious disease showed the most variation over time. Age-based patterns included a decrease in the proportion of infectious disease diagnoses by increasing age group and a higher proportion of well and follow-up care in older ages. Additional telemedicine diagnoses included common infant concerns for patients younger than 2 years of age; pulmonary, asthma, and allergy concerns for toddler or school-age children; behavioral health concerns for younger adolescents; and genitourinary and gynecologic concerns for older adolescents.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;The high engagement across demographics suggests feasibility and interest in telemedicine in this low-income, prima","PeriodicalId":36223,"journal":{"name":"JMIR Pediatrics and Parenting","volume":"7 ","pages":"e57702"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11688579/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142847765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recruitment of Adolescents to Virtual Clinical Trials: Recruitment Results From the Health4Me Randomized Controlled Trial.","authors":"Rebecca Raeside, Allyson R Todd, Sarah Barakat, Sean Rom, Stephanie Boulet, Sarah Maguire, Kathryn Williams, Seema Mihrshahi, Maree L Hackett, Julie Redfern, Stephanie R Partridge","doi":"10.2196/62919","DOIUrl":"10.2196/62919","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Preventive interventions are needed to provide targeted health support to adolescents to improve health behaviors. Engaging adolescents in preventive interventions remains a challenge, highlighting the need for innovative recruitment strategies. Given adolescents' lives are intertwined with digital technologies, attention should be focused on these avenues for recruitment. The evolving nature of clinical trials, including the emergence of virtual clinical trials, requires new recruitment approaches, which must be evaluated.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;This study aimed to examine the effectiveness and cost of various digital recruitment strategies for recruiting adolescents to a virtual clinical trial, evaluate the progression of participants from screening to enrollment, and explore factors associated with nonparticipation. This was conducted using data from the Health4Me Study, a preventive digital health intervention to improve physical activity and nutrition behaviors among adolescents aged 12 to 18 years.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Participants were recruited into the Health4Me Study via social media advertisements on various contemporary platforms, emails to schools, emails to contacts within known networks, and emails to relevant youth organizations. Data were collected from social media advertisements, screening, and recruitment logs. Data analysis included summary and descriptive statistics, as well as chi-square tests to explore factors associated with nonparticipation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;From 2369 expressions of interest, 390 (16.4%) participants were enrolled. A total of 19 advertisements were placed on social media, and 385 promotional emails were sent to schools, contacts within known networks, and relevant youth organizations. Social media advertisements reached 408,077 unique accounts. Advertisements mostly reached those living in populous states in Australia (306,489/408,077, 75.11% of unique accounts) and those identifying as female (177,698/408,077, 43.55% of unique accounts). A total of 24.97% (101,907/408,077) of advertisements were delivered to accounts with uncategorized genders. The total cost per participant enrolled was Aus $3.89 (approximately US $2.58). Most participants (1980/2305, 85.90%) found out about this study through Instagram. Differences in screening characteristics between eligible participants who did and did not enroll were found to be statistically significant for gender (P=.02), with fewer males and more individuals reporting their gender as \"other\" enrolling than expected by chance alone. The recruitment method also differed (P&lt;.001), with fewer participants enrolling through Instagram and more enrolling through other methods (eg, known networks or word of mouth) than expected by chance alone.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;This study found that virtual clinical trial recruitment was found to be low-cost, with the potential to increase trial pa","PeriodicalId":36223,"journal":{"name":"JMIR Pediatrics and Parenting","volume":"7 ","pages":"e62919"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11683508/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142980232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Web-Based Parent Training With Telephone Coaching Aimed at Treating Child Disruptive Behaviors in a Clinical Setting During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Single-Group Study With 2-Year Follow-Up.","authors":"Saana Sourander, Minja Westerlund, Amit Baumel, Susanna Hinkka-Yli-Salomäki, Terja Ristkari, Marjo Kurki, Andre Sourander","doi":"10.2196/63416","DOIUrl":"10.2196/63416","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>There is a lack of studies examining the long-term outcomes of web-based parent training programs implemented in clinical settings during the COVID-19 pandemic.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim is to study 2-year outcomes of families with 3- to 8-year-old children referred from family counseling centers to the Finnish Strongest Families Smart Website (SFSW), which provides digital parent training with telephone coaching aimed at treating child disruptive behaviors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Counseling centers in Helsinki identified fifty 3- to 8-year-old children with high levels of disruptive behavioral problems. Child psychopathology and functioning as well as parenting styles and parental mental health were collected from parents at baseline; posttreatment; and at 6-, 12-, and 24-month follow-ups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The SFSW program had positive long-term changes in child psychopathology and parenting skills. Improvements in child psychopathology, including Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire total score (Cohen d=0.47; P<.001), Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire conduct scores (Cohen d=0.65; P<.001), and Affective Reactivity Index irritability scores (Cohen d=0.52; P<.001), were maintained until the 24-month follow-up. Similarly, changes in parenting skills measured with the Parenting Scale, including overreactivity (Cohen d=0.41; P=.001) and laxness (Cohen d=0.26; P=.02), were maintained until the 24-month follow-up. However, parental hostility changes were not maintained at long-term follow-up (Cohen d=-0.04; P=.70).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The study shows that the SFSW parent training program can yield significant long-term benefits. Findings indicate that the benefits of the treatment may vary between different parenting styles, which is important to consider when developing more personalized parenting interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":36223,"journal":{"name":"JMIR Pediatrics and Parenting","volume":"7 ","pages":"e63416"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11683509/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142899000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electronic Communication Between Children's Caregivers and Health Care Teams: Scoping Review on Parental Caregiver's Perceptions and Experience.","authors":"Mary Jo Gamper, Rebecca Singer Cohen, Maryam Esperanza Razaz, Elaina Parrillo, Clifton P Thornton, Aleksandra Wec, Kathryn McDonald, Kelly T Gleason","doi":"10.2196/60352","DOIUrl":"10.2196/60352","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Asynchronous communication via electronic modes (e-communication), including patient portals, secure messaging services, SMS text messaging, and email, is increasingly used to supplement synchronous face-to-face medical visits; however, little is known about its quality in pediatric settings.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This review aimed to summarize contemporary literature on pediatric caregivers' experiences with and perspectives of e-communication with their child's health care team to identify how e-communication has been optimized to improve patient care.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A scoping review following the Arksey and O'Malley methodological framework searched PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, and Web of Science using terms such as \"Electronic Health Records\" and \"Communication\" from 2013 to 2023 that discussed caregiver experiences and perspectives of e-communication with their child's health care provider. Studies were excluded if they were abstracts, non-English papers, nonscientific papers, systematic reviews, or quality improvement initiatives, or pertained to synchronous telemedicine. We conducted a two-step screening process by scanning the title and abstract and reviewing the full text by two independent screeners to confirm eligibility. From an initial 903 articles identified via the database search, 23 articles fulfilled all the inclusion criteria and are included in this review.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 23 articles meeting the inclusion criteria, 11 used quantitative methods, 7 used qualitative methods, and 5 used mixed methods. The caregiver sample sizes ranged from 51 to 3339 in the quantitative studies and 8 to 36 in the qualitative and mixed methods studies. A majority (n=17) used the patient portal that was self-categorized by the study. Secure messaging through a portal or other mobile health app was used in 26% (n=6) of the studies, while nonsecure messaging outside of the portal was used 17% (n=4) of the time and email was used 33.3% (n=8) of the time. In 19 of the studies, parents reported positive experiences with and a desire for e-communication methods.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The literature overwhelmingly supported caregiver satisfaction with and desire for e-communication in health care, but no literature intentionally studied how to improve the quality of e-communication, which is a critical gap to address.</p>","PeriodicalId":36223,"journal":{"name":"JMIR Pediatrics and Parenting","volume":"7 ","pages":"e60352"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11661689/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142822656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring Pregnancy-Related Information-Sharing Behavior Among First-Time Southeast Asian Fathers: Qualitative Semistructured Interview Study.","authors":"Kidung Ageng, Anushia Inthiran","doi":"10.2196/58482","DOIUrl":"10.2196/58482","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;While the benefits of fathers' engagement in pregnancy are well researched, little is known about first-time expectant fathers' information-seeking practices in Southeast Asia regarding pregnancy. In addition, there is a notable gap in understanding their information-sharing behaviors during the pregnancy journey. This information is important, as cultural norms are prevalent in Southeast Asia, and this might influence their information-sharing behavior, particularly about pregnancy.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;This study aims to explore and analyze the pregnancy-related information-sharing behavior of first-time expectant fathers in Southeast Asia. This study specifically aims to investigate whether first-time fathers share pregnancy information, with whom they share it, through what means, and the reasons behind the decisions to share the information or not.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;We conducted semistructured interviews with first-time Southeast Asian fathers in Indonesia, a sample country in the Southeast Asian region. We analyzed the data using quantitative descriptive analysis and qualitative content theme analysis. A total of 40 first-time expectant fathers were interviewed.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;The results revealed that 90% (36/40) of the participants shared pregnancy-related information with others. However, within this group, more than half (22/40, 55%) of the participants shared the information exclusively with their partners. Only a small proportion, 10% (4/40), did not share any information at all. Among those who did share, the most popular approach was face-to-face communication (36/40, 90%), followed by online messaging apps (26/40, 65%). The most popular reason for sharing was to validate information (14/40, 35%), while the most frequent reason for not sharing with anyone beyond their partner was because of the preference for asking for information rather than sharing (12/40, 30%).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;This study provides valuable insights into the pregnancy-related information-sharing behaviors of first-time fathers in Southeast Asia. It enhances our understanding of how first-time fathers share pregnancy-related information and how local cultural norms and traditions influence these practices. In contrast to first-time fathers in high-income countries, the information-sharing behavior of first-time Southeast Asian fathers is defined by cultural nuances. Culture plays a crucial role in their daily decision-making processes. Therefore, this emphasizes the importance of cultural considerations in future discussions and the development of intervention programs related to pregnancy for first-time Southeast Asian fathers. In addition, this study sheds light on the interaction processes that first-time fathers engage in with others, highlighting areas where intervention programs may be necessary to improve their involvement during pregnancy. For example, first-time","PeriodicalId":36223,"journal":{"name":"JMIR Pediatrics and Parenting","volume":"7 ","pages":"e58482"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11667140/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142802432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-Resolution Eye-Tracking System for Accurate Measurement of Short-Latency Ocular Following Responses: Development and Observational Study.","authors":"Aleksandar Miladinović, Christian Quaia, Simone Kresevic, Miloš Ajčević, Laura Diplotti, Paola Michieletto, Agostino Accardo, Stefano Pensiero","doi":"10.2196/64353","DOIUrl":"10.2196/64353","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Ocular following responses (OFRs)-small-amplitude, short-latency reflexive eye movements-have been used to study visual motion processing, with potential diagnostic applications. However, they are difficult to record with commercial, video-based eye trackers, especially in children.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>We aimed to design and develop a noninvasive eye tracker specialized for measuring OFRs, trading off lower temporal resolution and a smaller range for higher spatial resolution.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We developed a high-resolution eye-tracking system based on a high-resolution camera operating in the near-infrared spectral range, coupled with infrared illuminators and a dedicated postprocessing pipeline, optimized to measure OFRs in children. To assess its performance, we: (1) evaluated our algorithm for compensating small head movements in both artificial and real-world settings, (2) compared OFRs measured simultaneously by our system and a reference scleral search coil eye-tracking system, and (3) tested the system's ability to measure OFRs in a clinical setting with children.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The simultaneous measurement by our system and a reference system showed that our system achieved an in vivo resolution of approximately 0.06°, which is sufficient for recording OFRs. Head motion compensation was successfully tested, showing a displacement error of less than 5 μm. Finally, robust OFRs were detected in 16 children during recording sessions lasting less than 5 minutes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our high-resolution, noninvasive eye-tracking system successfully detected OFRs with minimal need for subject cooperation. The system effectively addresses the limits of other OFR measurement methods and offers a versatile solution suitable for clinical applications, particularly in children, where eye tracking is more challenging. The system could potentially be suitable for diagnostic applications, particularly in pediatric populations where early detection of visual disorders like stereodeficiencies is critical.</p>","PeriodicalId":36223,"journal":{"name":"JMIR Pediatrics and Parenting","volume":"7 ","pages":"e64353"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11648338/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142802434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extent and Nature of Television Food and Nonalcoholic Beverage Marketing in 9 Asian Countries: Cross-Sectional Study Using a Harmonized Approach.","authors":"Tilakavati Karupaiah, Shah Md Mahfuzur Rahman, Juan Zhang, Naveen Kumar, Batjargal Jamiyan, Raj Kumar Pokharel, Elaine Quintana Borazon, Tharanga Thoradeniya, Nguyen Thi Thi Tho, Sally Mackay, Bridget Kelly, Boyd Swinburn, Karuthan Chinna, Enkhmyagmar Dashzeveg, Gild Rick Ong, Sreelakshmi Sankara Narayanan, Mohd Jamil Sameeha, Mohammad Ahsan Uddin, Yuxiang Tang, Naresh Kumar Sharma, Rishav Pokharel, Anna Christine Rome, V Pujitha Wickramasinghe, Phan Thanh Huy","doi":"10.2196/63410","DOIUrl":"10.2196/63410","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Rising childhood obesity rates in Asia are adding risk for the future adult burden of obesity and noncommunicable diseases. Weak policies across most Asian countries enable unrestricted marketing of obesogenic foods and beverages to children. Television is the common medium for food marketing to reach this audience.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to assess the extent and nature of television food and nonalcoholic beverage marketing in 9 Asian countries (Bangladesh, China, India, Malaysia, Mongolia, Nepal, the Philippines, Sri Lanka, and Vietnam) with capacity building support from the International Network for Food and Obesity/Non-Communicable Disease Research, Monitoring and Action Support, who enabled harmonization of data collection method and content analyses.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Advertised foods were categorized as permitted or not permitted based on the nutrient profile models established by the World Health Organization regional offices for South-East Asia (SEARO) and the World Health Organization regional offices for Western Pacific (WPRO). Overall rates of food advertisements (advertisements per hour per channel) and persuasive strategy use were analyzed along with comparisons between children's peak viewing time (PVT) and non-PVT.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Cross-country comparisons, irrespective of country income level, indicated that not permitted food advertising dominated children's popular television channels, especially during PVT with rates as per WPRO or SEARO criteria ranging from 2.40/2.29 (Malaysia) to 9.70/9.41 advertisements per hour per channel (the Philippines). Persuasive strategy rates were also comparatively higher during PVT. Sugar-sweetened beverages, sugar-containing solid foods, and high salt- and fat-containing snacks and fast foods were frequently advertised. Evaluation of the application of WPRO and SEARO nutrient profile models identified inconsistencies due to regional taste and cuisine variations across Asia.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study clearly showed that unhealthy food marketing through popular children's television channels is widely occurring in Asia and is a clear breach of child rights. Evidence outcomes will benefit advocacy toward stronger policy regulations to control unhealthy food marketing and strengthen strategies to promote a healthier food environment for Asia's children.</p>","PeriodicalId":36223,"journal":{"name":"JMIR Pediatrics and Parenting","volume":"7 ","pages":"e63410"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11656118/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142773212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parental Assessment of Postsurgical Pain in Infants at Home Using Artificial Intelligence-Enabled and Observer-Based Tools: Construct Validity and Clinical Utility Evaluation Study.","authors":"Fatos Sada, Paola Chivers, Sokol Cecelia, Sejdi Statovci, Kujtim Ukperaj, Jeffery Hughes, Kreshnik Hoti","doi":"10.2196/64669","DOIUrl":"10.2196/64669","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Pain assessment in the infant population is challenging owing to their inability to verbalize and hence self-report pain. Currently, there is a paucity of data on how parents identify and manage this pain at home using standardized pain assessment tools.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;This study aimed to explore parents' assessment and intervention of pain in their infants at home following same-day surgery, using standardized pain assessment tools.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;This prospective study initially recruited 109 infant boys undergoing circumcision (same-day surgery). To assess pain at home over 3 days after surgery, parents using iOS devices were assigned to use the PainChek Infant tool, which is a point-of-care artificial intelligence-enabled tool, while parents using Android devices were assigned to use the Observer-Administered Visual Analog Scale (ObsVAS) tool. Chi-square analysis compared the intervention undertaken and pain presence. Generalized estimating equations were used to evaluate outcomes related to construct validity and clinical utility. Receiver operating characteristic analysis assessed pain score cutoffs in relation to the intervention used.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;A total of 69 parents completed postsurgery pain assessments at home and returned their pain diaries. Of these 69 parents, 24 used ObsVAS and 45 used PainChek Infant. Feeding alone and feeding with medication were the most common pain interventions. Pain presence over time reduced. In the presence of pain, an intervention was likely to be administered (χ&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;=21.4; P&lt;.001), with a medicinal intervention being 12.6 (95% CI 4.3-37.0; P&lt;.001) times more likely and a nonmedicinal intervention being 5.2 (95% CI 1.8-14.6; P=.002) times more likely than no intervention. In the presence of intervention, score cutoff values were ≥2 for PainChek Infant and ≥20 for ObsVAS. A significant effect between the use of the pain instrument (χ&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;=7.2, P=.007) and intervention (χ&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;=43.4, P&lt;.001) was found, supporting the construct validity of both instruments. Standardized pain scores were the highest when a medicinal intervention was undertaken (estimated marginal mean [EMM]=34.2%), followed by a nonmedicinal intervention (EMM=23.5%) and no intervention (EMM=11.2%). Similar trends were seen for both pain instruments. Pain was reduced in 94.5% (224/237) of assessments where parents undertook an intervention. In 75.1% (178/237) of assessments indicative of pain, the score changed from pain to no pain, with PainChek Infant assessments more likely to report this change (odds ratio 4.1, 95% CI 1.4-12.3) compared with ObsVAS assessments.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;The use of standardized pain assessment instruments by parents at home to assess pain in their infants can inform their decision-making regarding pain identification and management, including determining t","PeriodicalId":36223,"journal":{"name":"JMIR Pediatrics and Parenting","volume":"7 ","pages":"e64669"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11653034/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142773215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}