Oxford Textbook of Neurorehabilitation最新文献_第2页

Technology to enhance arm and hand function 增强手臂和手功能的技术

Oxford Textbook of Neurorehabilitation Pub Date : 2015-02-01 DOI: 10.1093/MED/9780199673711.003.0031_UPDATE_001

A. Prochazka

{"title":"Technology to enhance arm and hand function","authors":"A. Prochazka","doi":"10.1093/MED/9780199673711.003.0031_UPDATE_001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/MED/9780199673711.003.0031_UPDATE_001","url":null,"abstract":"About 2% of people have weak or paralysed upper limbs (ULs) due to stroke or spinal cord injury (SCI). Physiotherapy involving exercise can improve motor function in many such cases, but the time and resources required are often unavailable. Adherence to repeated intensive exercise tends to decline, especially after participants leave the clinical environment. There is a need for technology that can restore neuromuscular control and improve motivation by making exercise therapy enjoyable, and that extends the therapy into the home with the use of remote communication (e.g. ‘tele-coaching’). Over the last 20 years many devices have been developed and tested. Neuroprostheses (NPs) that activate UL muscles with functional electrical stimulation (FES) either via surface or implanted electrodes are now commercially available or in clinical trials. The use of robotic devices to enhance exercise therapy has been an active area of research and development. Recent studies indicate that improvements in motor function depend largely on the efforts made by the participant. This chapter reviews conventional exercise therapy, FES, and robotic and passive exercise devices that improve motor function and enhance engagement in UL rehabilitation. It is suggested that important developments in the next few years will include the widespread availability of affordable FES and in-home exercise devices, and the gradual adoption of tele-coaching over the internet.","PeriodicalId":362190,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Textbook of Neurorehabilitation","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125171718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

The clinical neurology of problems with oral feeding 口腔喂养问题的临床神经学

Oxford Textbook of Neurorehabilitation Pub Date : 2015-02-01 DOI: 10.1093/med/9780199673711.003.0023

T. Hughes

引用次数: 0

Enhancement of neuroplasticity by drug therapy 药物治疗增强神经可塑性

Oxford Textbook of Neurorehabilitation Pub Date : 2015-02-01 DOI: 10.1093/MED/9780199673711.003.0017_UPDATE_001

U. Ziemann

引用次数: 1

The economic benefits of rehabilitation for neurological conditions 神经系统疾病康复的经济效益

Oxford Textbook of Neurorehabilitation Pub Date : 2015-02-01 DOI: 10.1093/med/9780199673711.003.0003

R. O'Connor

{"title":"The economic benefits of rehabilitation for neurological conditions","authors":"R. O'Connor","doi":"10.1093/med/9780199673711.003.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199673711.003.0003","url":null,"abstract":"Rehabilitation programmes are highly cost-effective interventions that restore people’s independence, dignity, and quality of life. In the past there was an impression that they appeared expensive, which resulted in a lack of enthusiasm to develop them by funding bodies and commissioners. However, the evidence demonstrating the long-term cost-effectiveness of rehabilitation is robust. Many people with long-term neurological conditions will live for many years after the onset of the condition and investment in their physical and psychological functioning early on will, over that person’s lifetime, will result in substantial savings. Nevertheless, calculating economic evaluations can be complicated and the correct measure must be chosen to identify the change produced by the rehabilitation intervention. These data must then be handled appropriately, and any ancillary costs included. The economic impact of the rehabilitation programme is wider than a purely healthcare intervention and will include potential earnings and reduced costs to social care. The economic analyses will also include housing, education, and vocational outcomes, and the effect of the long-term condition on family members who may have a caring role.","PeriodicalId":362190,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Textbook of Neurorehabilitation","volume":"139 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128600497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Animal models of damage, repair, and plasticity in the spinal cord 脊髓损伤、修复和可塑性的动物模型

Oxford Textbook of Neurorehabilitation Pub Date : 2015-02-01 DOI: 10.1093/med/9780199673711.003.0013

V. Edgerton, R. Roy, Daniel C. Lu, Y. Gerasimenko

{"title":"Animal models of damage, repair, and plasticity in the spinal cord","authors":"V. Edgerton, R. Roy, Daniel C. Lu, Y. Gerasimenko","doi":"10.1093/med/9780199673711.003.0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199673711.003.0013","url":null,"abstract":"Sensorimotor function can improve for years, even after a spinal cord injury (SCI). We also know that an effective intervention that can improve motor function is re-engagement of the spinal neural networks through supraspinal control and that this regularity in re-engagement is fundamental to learning within the activated sensorimotor circuits. Several interventions, ranging from monoclonal antibodies against neurit outgrowth inhibitors to epidural electrical stimulation, have been developed allowing individuals with a SCI to re-engage sensorimotor circuits. These interventions enable spinal neural circuits to neuromodulate the level of excitability closer to a near motor threshold state. This is because of the built-in level of automaticity within the spinal circuits that then is translated into motor commands specified by the sensory input. Another increasingly apparent feature of the spinal circuitry is the highly integrated nature of multiple physiological systems linked to load bearing sensory input. Thus, it is clear that multiple physiological systems are highly responsive to activity-dependent interventions after a severe SCI and that this responsiveness can persist for years post-injury and be therapeutically modulated.","PeriodicalId":362190,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Textbook of Neurorehabilitation","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129670647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Enhancement of neuroplasticity by cortical stimulation 皮层刺激增强神经可塑性

Oxford Textbook of Neurorehabilitation Pub Date : 2015-02-01 DOI: 10.1093/med/9780199673711.003.0016

O. Swayne, J. Rothwell

引用次数: 0

Acquired disorders of language and their treatment 获得性语言障碍及其治疗

Oxford Textbook of Neurorehabilitation Pub Date : 2015-02-01 DOI: 10.1093/MED/9780199673711.003.0021_UPDATE_001

A. Leff, J. Crinion

引用次数: 0

Technology to enhance locomotor function 增强运动功能的技术

Oxford Textbook of Neurorehabilitation Pub Date : 2015-02-01 DOI: 10.1093/MED/9780199673711.003.0032_UPDATE_001

R. Rupp, Daniel Schließmann, C. Schuld, N. Weidner

{"title":"Technology to enhance locomotor function","authors":"R. Rupp, Daniel Schließmann, C. Schuld, N. Weidner","doi":"10.1093/MED/9780199673711.003.0032_UPDATE_001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/MED/9780199673711.003.0032_UPDATE_001","url":null,"abstract":"Technology plays an important role in the rehabilitation of patients with impairments of the lower extremity due to disease or trauma of the central nervous system (CNS). In gait rehabilitation, compensatory or restorative strategies are applied depending on the time after trauma and the severity of impairment. Advances in the understanding of CNS plasticity led to the establishment of task-oriented restorative therapies, first of all body weight supported treadmill training, either manually or robotically assisted. Although robotic therapies have not been shown to be superior, they relieve therapists from the exhaustive work of assisting the stepping movements. At this point, locomotion robots provide advanced therapeutic options like intensive gait training also at home and improvement of training quality through the integration of real-time movement feedback. For enhancement of mobility in individuals with severe sensorimotor impairments and the associated limited potential for recovery, compensatory strategies including wheelchairs and more recently active exoskeletons need to be considered. It will be exciting to see whether technological progress in mechatronics, energy storage, and intuitive control will result in exoskeletons capable of replacing traditional walking aids in everyday life conditions.","PeriodicalId":362190,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Textbook of Neurorehabilitation","volume":"203 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131611876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Application of orthoses and neurostimulation in neurorehabilitation 矫形器与神经刺激在神经康复中的应用

Oxford Textbook of Neurorehabilitation Pub Date : 2015-02-01 DOI: 10.1093/med/9780199673711.003.0030

J. Carpaneto, S. Micera

引用次数: 1