{"title":"Chemical Modification of Starch with Synthetic","authors":"A. Hernández","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.72384","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.72384","url":null,"abstract":"An alternative for solving the environmental pollution problems generated by conventional plastics, it is the chemical modifications graft-type of the starch with synthetic polymers of post-consumer and in situ polymerizations on the starch granules. The starch modified by this methodology allows to counteract the disadvantages of both polymers such as the little or no biodegradability of the synthetic polymer and the poor mechanical properties of the starch. In the present study, a review on the chemical modification of starch with synthetic polymers by grafting is carried out. Factors affecting the copolymerization reactions of starch-g-synthetic polymer were analyzed, for example, their chemical nature, solubility, size and length of polymer chains, temperature, catalyst and starch/amylose content, as well as their characterization chemistry and the potentials applications of this copolymer .","PeriodicalId":361793,"journal":{"name":"Applications of Modified Starches","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127358472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Méndez-Hernández, J. Rivera‐Armenta, ZahidaSandoval-Arellano, B. Salazar-Cruz, María YolandaChavez-Cinco
{"title":"Evaluation of Styrene Content over Physical and Chemical Properties of Elastomer/TPS-EVOH/Chicken Feather Composites","authors":"M. Méndez-Hernández, J. Rivera‐Armenta, ZahidaSandoval-Arellano, B. Salazar-Cruz, María YolandaChavez-Cinco","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.72969","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.72969","url":null,"abstract":"A series of styrene-butadiene (SB) elastomer/thermoplastic starch (TPS)/ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer (EVOH) composites were modified including chicken feathers in its formulation, which have the main component keratin. The composites were prepared by means of melt blending, and their chemical interactions were evaluated by means of infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and their thermal properties as Tg values were investigated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermal stability using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and viscoelastic properties with dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). The styrene content in SB was changed in 3 levels, and chicken feather content also changed in 3 levels . It was identified that Tg value in composites decreases that is attrib - uted to the styrene content in elastomer and that the chicken feather improved the stor age modulus of composite. The thermal stability of composites also was affected by the presence of chicken feathers due its good thermal properties.","PeriodicalId":361793,"journal":{"name":"Applications of Modified Starches","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122562941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Normane Mirele Chaves da Silva, F. F. Lima, RosanaLopes Lima Fialho, E. Cabral‐Albuquerque, J. Velasco, F. Fakhouri
{"title":"Production and Characterization of Starch Nanoparticles","authors":"Normane Mirele Chaves da Silva, F. F. Lima, RosanaLopes Lima Fialho, E. Cabral‐Albuquerque, J. Velasco, F. Fakhouri","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.74362","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.74362","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, the increasing interest in nanomaterials of natural origin has led to several studies in the area of nano-sized particles from natural polysaccharide polymers, such as cellulose, starch, and chitin. These nanomaterials are used especially as a reinforcement in a polymeric matrix to improve the mechanical and barrier properties of the materials. Starch is a sustainable, abundant biopolymer produced by many plants as a source of storage energy; the main uses of starch are as food and industrial applications. However, recently their use as filler in polymeric matrix (nanoparticles) has attracted attention. Starch nanoparticles (SNPs) can be produced by many methods, using chemical, enzy -matic, and physical treatments. The size distribution, crystalline structure, and physical properties of the SNPs may vary from one method to another. These nanoparticles are a very interesting alternatives not only for the polymeric filler but also for the renewability and biodegradability, since they show characteristics inherently of starch granules.","PeriodicalId":361793,"journal":{"name":"Applications of Modified Starches","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124174520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Introductory Chapter: Starch Modifications","authors":"Emmanuel Flores Huicochea","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.78366","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.78366","url":null,"abstract":"Starch is the main polysaccharide used as food and ingredient or additive in the food industry. The main advantages over other polysaccharides are the low cost and renewable raw material, but even starch can be obtained from several natural sources or modified by engineering genetic, as the waxy starch of corn. It also has drawbacks such as: lower solubility usually in water, lower shear stress resistance, lower capacity to support thermal decomposition, and high retrogradation, and these issues limit the use on several temperatures and pH usually found on food system and industrial applications.","PeriodicalId":361793,"journal":{"name":"Applications of Modified Starches","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121748368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Aspects on Starches Modified by Ionizing Radiation Processing","authors":"M. Brașoveanu, M. Nemţanu","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.71626","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.71626","url":null,"abstract":"Starch is one of the most studied natural polymers due to its widespread and appli- cations as well as to the global interest regarding renewable, cheap, and easy to process resources. The native form of starch is frequently subjected to different processing methods in order to modify its structure and thus to obtain some functional properties suitable in specific industrial applications. Radiation-based method is a “green tool” for modification of natural polymers, such as starch, cellulose, pectin, and chitosan, alginate, having advantages over conventional methods that involve chemical agents associated with environmental toxicity. Radiation processing of natural polymers involves a simple, ecofriendly, and fast process that has harmless feature and provides advanced materi- als with unique properties. The chapter intends to be an overview of the major findings in the last decade concerning the starches modified by ionizing radiation processing. Therefore, aspects strongly related to changes in physicochemical, functional, and structural properties of starches from various botanical origins are approached. The main key points of this topic are highlighted by a critical evaluation of the mentioned aspects and future perspectives are suggested.","PeriodicalId":361793,"journal":{"name":"Applications of Modified Starches","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127430547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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