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THE LEGAL CONCEPT OF UNSAFE (DANGEROUS) FOOD 不安全(危险)食品的法律概念
Studia Iuridica Lublinensia Pub Date : 2023-06-14 DOI: 10.31338/2544-3135.si.2022-95.14
Katarzyna Leśkiewicz
{"title":"THE LEGAL CONCEPT OF UNSAFE (DANGEROUS) FOOD","authors":"Katarzyna Leśkiewicz","doi":"10.31338/2544-3135.si.2022-95.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31338/2544-3135.si.2022-95.14","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the considerations offered in this article is to determine how the term “dangerous food” should be understood in the light of the applicable law. The food safety system includes general and specific criteria for assessing whether a product is safe or not. Sometimes the concepts of defective product within the meaning of Directive No. 85/374/ EEC, and dangerous food within the meaning of Regulation No. 178/2002 coincide. Food safety requirements include both health quality and commercial quality. Responsibility for unsafe food in individual areas must be determined separately, as they are based on divergent legal foundations. The legislation includes sub-categories of unsafe food, such as product harmful to health, adulterated product or spoiled product.","PeriodicalId":36157,"journal":{"name":"Studia Iuridica Lublinensia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84760931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
ROLA ORGANIZACJI MIĘDZYNARODOWYCH W ZACHOWANIU ZASOBÓW MORSKICH. WYBRANE ZAGADNIENIA PRAWNE
Studia Iuridica Lublinensia Pub Date : 2023-06-14 DOI: 10.31338/2544-3135.si.2022-95.28
R. Szewczyk
{"title":"ROLA ORGANIZACJI MIĘDZYNARODOWYCH W ZACHOWANIU ZASOBÓW MORSKICH. WYBRANE ZAGADNIENIA PRAWNE","authors":"R. Szewczyk","doi":"10.31338/2544-3135.si.2022-95.28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31338/2544-3135.si.2022-95.28","url":null,"abstract":"Starting with the presentation of the acts of international maritime law most relevant to the presented subject, the author describes the history of the development of international organizations and their types. Using a dogmatic and historical analysis of normative acts, he tries to find an answer to the question asked – “Is the preservation of the maritime environment a dominant perspective among the operational goals of states?”. While examining the above issue in relation to the formation and activities of international organizations, the thesis was formulated that “the coordination of efforts of international organizations in matters related to maritime resources and their effectiveness should constitute the core of considerations on the subject of the effectiveness of all kinds of international policies”. The author presents the legal and international approach to the definition of maritime resources and describes the effectiveness of the European Union’s Common Fisheries Policy.","PeriodicalId":36157,"journal":{"name":"Studia Iuridica Lublinensia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75959055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE EU PACKAGE TRAVEL DIRECTIVE DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC 2019冠状病毒病大流行期间欧盟一揽子旅行指令的有效性
Studia Iuridica Lublinensia Pub Date : 2023-06-14 DOI: 10.31338/2544-3135.si.2022-95.24
Patrycja Sobolewska
{"title":"THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE EU PACKAGE TRAVEL DIRECTIVE DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC","authors":"Patrycja Sobolewska","doi":"10.31338/2544-3135.si.2022-95.24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31338/2544-3135.si.2022-95.24","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this paper is to analyze the effectiveness of the EU Package Travel Directive during the COVID-19 pandemic. First, the paper depicts the legal regime under Council Directive 90/314/EEC of 13 June 1990 on package travel, package holidays and package tours as well as Directive (EU) 2015/2302 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 November 2015 on package travel and linked travel arrangements. The comparison of both EU Package Travel Directives shows both some similarities and differences from the perspective of travellers’ rights. Furthermore, the paper offers justification of the actions taken by the EU Member States in the face of COVID-19 pandemic, using the EU report on the application of the 2015 Package Travel Directive. Finally, the paper exhibits case law relating to tourism that evolved as a consequence of the COVID-19 pandemic. The reported cases are pending before the Court of Justice of the European Union, which means that all EU Member States are still waiting for the final judgement. The author supports the views presented by Advocate General Laila Medina and strongly believes that the protection of tourists will be continued.","PeriodicalId":36157,"journal":{"name":"Studia Iuridica Lublinensia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84481174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
KWALIFIKACJA PODMIOTOWA WYKONAWCY PRZY UDZIELANIU ZAMÓWIENIA PUBLICZNEGO Z WOLNEJ RĘKI
Studia Iuridica Lublinensia Pub Date : 2023-06-14 DOI: 10.31338/2544-3135.si.2022-95.16
Maciej Lubiszewski
{"title":"KWALIFIKACJA PODMIOTOWA WYKONAWCY PRZY UDZIELANIU ZAMÓWIENIA PUBLICZNEGO Z WOLNEJ RĘKI","authors":"Maciej Lubiszewski","doi":"10.31338/2544-3135.si.2022-95.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31338/2544-3135.si.2022-95.16","url":null,"abstract":"Single-source procurement is a specific procedure for awarding a public contract. Compared to other procedures, which include tendering or negotiating and tender procedures, single-source procurement is a purely negotiated procedure, in which only one contractor takes part. In such proceedings, no offers are submitted by competing contractors. These specific features affect the way of making the qualitative selection of the contractor, i.e. verification whether there are grounds for exclusion and whether contractor meets the conditions for participation in the procedure. The purpose of this article is to determine at what point in the procedure the qualitative selection of the contractor is carried out, to what extent and how it is carried out, and how to apply the special self-cleaning mechanism provided for in the grounds for exclusion from the procedure related to arrears in paying public levies.","PeriodicalId":36157,"journal":{"name":"Studia Iuridica Lublinensia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84093664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
KWESTIA CHARAKTERU ODPOWIEDZIALNOŚCI ODSZKODOWAWCZEJ NOTARIUSZA W ZAKRESIE ODPOWIEDZIALNOŚCI CYWILNEJ ZA SZKODY WYRZĄDZONE PRZY WYKONYWANIU CZYNNOŚCI
Studia Iuridica Lublinensia Pub Date : 2023-06-14 DOI: 10.31338/2544-3135.si.2022-95.23
Karol Ryszkowski
{"title":"KWESTIA CHARAKTERU ODPOWIEDZIALNOŚCI ODSZKODOWAWCZEJ NOTARIUSZA W ZAKRESIE ODPOWIEDZIALNOŚCI CYWILNEJ ZA SZKODY WYRZĄDZONE PRZY WYKONYWANIU CZYNNOŚCI","authors":"Karol Ryszkowski","doi":"10.31338/2544-3135.si.2022-95.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31338/2544-3135.si.2022-95.23","url":null,"abstract":"A notary, as a person who performs activities that play a huge role in legal transactions and produce extremely significant effects, is obliged to act in accordance with the law and behave with dignity – both in private and public life. The notary is responsible for the breach of these rules. As a rule, the following types of liability are mentioned: civil, criminal, disciplinary, and tax. Based on Art. 19a of the Law on Notaries, a notary public is subject to compulsory third-party liability insurance for damages caused while performing notarial activities. There are doubts about the nature of the civil liability of a notary and its scope. This article aims to provide a clear answer on this matter.","PeriodicalId":36157,"journal":{"name":"Studia Iuridica Lublinensia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73799222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
THE SCOPE AND IMPORTANCE OF COOPERATION BETWEEN UNESCO AND THE ICC FOR THE PROTECTION OF CULTURAL PROPERTY 教科文组织与国际刑事法院在保护文化财产方面合作的范围和重要性
Studia Iuridica Lublinensia Pub Date : 2023-06-14 DOI: 10.31338/2544-3135.si.2022-95.5
Vita Czepek, Elżbieta Karska
{"title":"THE SCOPE AND IMPORTANCE OF COOPERATION BETWEEN UNESCO AND THE ICC FOR THE PROTECTION OF CULTURAL PROPERTY","authors":"Vita Czepek, Elżbieta Karska","doi":"10.31338/2544-3135.si.2022-95.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31338/2544-3135.si.2022-95.5","url":null,"abstract":"Intentional destruction and theft of cultural property during armed conflicts are now prohibited by international law. In line with international regulations, deliberate attacks against cultural property, both during international and non-international armed conflicts, may constitute serious violations of the norms of humanitarian law and their perpetrators should be tried and penalized. At the international level, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) is the most appropriate body to take action to protect cultural property during armed conflicts. The International Criminal Court (ICC), on the other hand, has the jurisdiction to prosecute and penalize perpetrators of crimes against cultural property, classified as war crimes. The aim of this paper is, therefore, to answer the question of the extent to which the cooperation between the ICC and UNESCO may affect the protection of cultural property during armed conflicts. In order to answer this question, analysis was performed of the scope of the protection of cultural property by the ICC and UNESCO, as well as of the legal basis for cooperation between these institutions.","PeriodicalId":36157,"journal":{"name":"Studia Iuridica Lublinensia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73869165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
THE IMPACT OF THE PANDEMIC ON COLLECTIVE RELATIONS IN POLAND 大流行病对波兰集体关系的影响
Studia Iuridica Lublinensia Pub Date : 2023-06-14 DOI: 10.31338/2544-3135.si.2022-95.19
Błażej Mądrzycki, Łukasz Pisarczyk
{"title":"THE IMPACT OF THE PANDEMIC ON COLLECTIVE RELATIONS IN POLAND","authors":"Błażej Mądrzycki, Łukasz Pisarczyk","doi":"10.31338/2544-3135.si.2022-95.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31338/2544-3135.si.2022-95.19","url":null,"abstract":"The crisis caused by the outbreak and spread of the COVID-19 pandemic forced the legislature to make numerous legal changes. The undertaken measures comprised labour law understood in the broadest sense. They were intended to protect the economy, including jobs, from the dramatic consequences of the spread of the virus and the associated danger. The extraordinary circumstances called for specific measures, focused on protecting work and workers. The drafting of protective regulations, under such special circumstances, could not take place without dialogue involving the labour. At the multi-company level, this was seeking concrete solutions to protect the employees. In turn, at the company level, the partners exercised the rights guaranteed by the anticrisis regulations. The article offers an analysis of the legal situation of participants in social dialogue – both the employees and the employers. In retrospect, it is possible to evaluate specific measures which have been adopted.","PeriodicalId":36157,"journal":{"name":"Studia Iuridica Lublinensia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89213023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
ZNACZENIE DOROBKU WACŁAWA DAWIDOWICZA DLA WSPÓŁCZESNEJ ADMINISTRACJI PUBLICZNEJ
Studia Iuridica Lublinensia Pub Date : 2023-06-14 DOI: 10.31338/2544-3135.si.2022-95.26
Robert Suwaj
{"title":"ZNACZENIE DOROBKU WACŁAWA DAWIDOWICZA DLA WSPÓŁCZESNEJ ADMINISTRACJI PUBLICZNEJ","authors":"Robert Suwaj","doi":"10.31338/2544-3135.si.2022-95.26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31338/2544-3135.si.2022-95.26","url":null,"abstract":"The subject of the study are the author’s conclusions in the context of the assessment of the scientific achievements of Wacław Dawidowicz, juxtaposed with the achievements of modern administrative law, as illustrated by selected examples. In the author’s opinion, they justify conducting comprehensive research on contemporary administrative law, taking into account systemic and structural changes in public administration and its tasks. There is a noticeable need to verify the current scientific achievements within the entire branch of administrative law, or even more broadly – in the context of all legal norms used today to fulfil public tasks. This seems necessary from the perspective Dawidowicz never forgot about, even speaking of the need to restrain the administration from appropriating most of the spheres of social relations. The point, therefore, is to verify whether there are still effective legal instruments to control the surrender to the administration of the possibility to decide on the criteria of disposing of public funds outside the system of statutory norms. Is it possible to effectively verify the legality of allowing the administration to choose legal forms of action in such a way that there is no possibility of an instance-based and judicial review of the legality of those actions. Finally, a negative answer to the above doubts doesn’t lead to a complete negation of the assumptions of the tripartite division of powers and a democratic state of law implementing the principles of social justice.","PeriodicalId":36157,"journal":{"name":"Studia Iuridica Lublinensia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84754862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
ODRĘBNOŚĆ SAMORZĄDU UCZNIOWSKIEGO OD DYREKTORA SZKOŁY. GLOSA DO WYROKU WOJEWÓDZKIEGO SĄDU ADMINISTRACYJNEGO W KIELCACH Z DNIA 27 MAJA 2021 R., II SAB/KE 42/21
Studia Iuridica Lublinensia Pub Date : 2023-06-14 DOI: 10.31338/2544-3135.si.2022-95.31
Mikołaj Wolanin
{"title":"ODRĘBNOŚĆ SAMORZĄDU UCZNIOWSKIEGO OD DYREKTORA SZKOŁY. GLOSA DO WYROKU WOJEWÓDZKIEGO SĄDU ADMINISTRACYJNEGO W KIELCACH Z DNIA 27 MAJA 2021 R., II SAB/KE 42/21","authors":"Mikołaj Wolanin","doi":"10.31338/2544-3135.si.2022-95.31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31338/2544-3135.si.2022-95.31","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36157,"journal":{"name":"Studia Iuridica Lublinensia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72532701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
PROBLEMATYKA PRAWNA LOKALIZOWANIA INSTALACJI WYTWÓRCZYCH ODNAWIALNYCH ŹRÓDEŁ ENERGII
Studia Iuridica Lublinensia Pub Date : 2023-06-14 DOI: 10.31338/2544-3135.si.2022-95.18
K. Marciniuk
{"title":"PROBLEMATYKA PRAWNA LOKALIZOWANIA INSTALACJI WYTWÓRCZYCH ODNAWIALNYCH ŹRÓDEŁ ENERGII","authors":"K. Marciniuk","doi":"10.31338/2544-3135.si.2022-95.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31338/2544-3135.si.2022-95.18","url":null,"abstract":"The article discusses the legal and administrative regulations regarding location of installations generating energy from renewable sources (RES). The growing importance of generating energy from renewable sources and the significant involvement of public funds allocated to support the development of RES generation infrastructure contrast with the lack of coherent legal regulations regarding the implementation of this type of investment. The legal provisions governing the investment process involving the construction of RES installations remain dispersed in many normative acts, and decisions concerning the construction of new installations are made by various authorities as part of separate administrative proceedings regarding individual legal aspects of these investments. Issues related to the location of renewable energy sources installations are regulated primarily in the area of spatial planning and development regulations, with the provisions of specific acts discussed in the article also playing an important role, including, in particular, the acts on renewable energy sources and those on investments in wind farms.","PeriodicalId":36157,"journal":{"name":"Studia Iuridica Lublinensia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81131813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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