Automotive Experiences最新文献_第6页

Selectivity of the New Catalyst ZnO-MCM-48-CaO in Esterification of Calophyllum inophyllum Oil 新型催化剂ZnO-MCM-48-CaO对大叶藻油酯化反应的选择性

Automotive Experiences Pub Date : 2022-04-18 DOI: 10.31603/ae.6711

L. Kolo, F. Firdaus, P. Taba, M. Zakir, N. Soekamto

{"title":"Selectivity of the New Catalyst ZnO-MCM-48-CaO in Esterification of Calophyllum inophyllum Oil","authors":"L. Kolo, F. Firdaus, P. Taba, M. Zakir, N. Soekamto","doi":"10.31603/ae.6711","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31603/ae.6711","url":null,"abstract":"The synthesis of MCM-48 containing surfactants (CTAB and Triton X-100), ZnO, and CaO aimed to find a potential heterogeneous catalyst in the esterification of Calophyllum inophyllum oil to biodiesel. This research is important in the production of biodiesel from vegetable oils with more than 2% free fatty acids (FFA), such as Calophyllum inophyllum oil using heterogeneous catalysts. Synthesis of heterogeneous catalysts, MCM-48 and ZnO-MCM-48-CaO (ZMC), using the hydrothermal method at various calcination temperatures was conducted to find the optimum calcination temperature for the reaction. The activity of the catalyst in the reaction was determined using acid-base titration methods and GC-MS. The MCM-48 catalyst calcined at 650 °C (MCM-48/650) had a catalytic activity of 35.74% and was selective for converting linoleic acid in Calophyllum inophyllum oil to biodiesel. In addition, this catalyst was also capable of cracking the compounds contained in Calophyllum inophyllum oil into suitable hydrocarbons for biodiesel. In the esterification of vegetable oils, four heterogeneous catalysts (MCM-48/550, ZMC/550, ZMC/650, and ZMC/750) had the potential to replace conventional catalysts (H2SO4), particularly in the generation of biodiesel from Calophyllum inophyllum oil.","PeriodicalId":36133,"journal":{"name":"Automotive Experiences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42414573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Development of Test Cycle for Centrifugal Clutch of CVT Driven Scooters Intended for Urban Traffic Conditions 适用于城市交通条件的CVT驱动踏板车离心离合器试验循环的研制

Automotive Experiences Pub Date : 2022-04-18 DOI: 10.31603/ae.6604

D. Panchal, B. K. Patel

{"title":"Development of Test Cycle for Centrifugal Clutch of CVT Driven Scooters Intended for Urban Traffic Conditions","authors":"D. Panchal, B. K. Patel","doi":"10.31603/ae.6604","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31603/ae.6604","url":null,"abstract":"The present study deals with the development of a test cycle for the centrifugal clutch of continuously variable transmission (CVT) driven scooters. Centrifugal clutch experiences different duty cycles during the usage of scooters in city traffic and highways during its lifetime. Since the friction characteristics of the centrifugal clutch are controlled by acquired factors, it is difficult to predict ideal friction characteristics under all conditions. The wear of friction lining increases due to heat generated in the clutch assembly because of the repeated “stick-slip” phenomena. Therefore, an attempt has been made for developing à new test cycle by keeping the engagement frequency as a reference. Road load data for three different riding conditions have been collected and analyzed. The developed test cycle has been automated on the centrifugal clutch test bench and a new set of clutch liners was tested thoroughly. The surface roughness, thickness, and wear of clutch liners have been observed and evaluated against the field vehicles. For the surface roughness, maximum deviations of 3.74%, 3.36%, and 2.16% have been observed for trailing, middle and leading sections of clutch liners respectively. For the thickness, maximum deviations of 3.06%, 2.59%, and 3.14% have been observed for trailing, middle and leading sections of clutch liners respectively. The developed test cycle demonstrates a good correlation with field use.","PeriodicalId":36133,"journal":{"name":"Automotive Experiences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44974785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Exhaust Gas Emissions of Homogeneous Gasoline-Methanol-(Ethanol) Blends 均质汽油-甲醇（乙醇）混合物的废气排放

Automotive Experiences Pub Date : 2022-04-18 DOI: 10.31603/ae.6599

Budi Waluyo, B. Purnomo

{"title":"Exhaust Gas Emissions of Homogeneous Gasoline-Methanol-(Ethanol) Blends","authors":"Budi Waluyo, B. Purnomo","doi":"10.31603/ae.6599","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31603/ae.6599","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, one of the most logical efforts made to reduce the dependence on fossil energy sources is the use of a gasoline-methanol fuel blend. However, the problem in using a gasoline-methanol blend as fuel is that the methanol will eventually separate itself from the gasoline unless they are properly blended together, this is because methanol has a polar hydroxyl group called monohydric that binds water vapor together, causing the mixture to separate. Previous research showed that adding a small amount of ethanol to the gasoline-methanol blend makes it a homogeneous blend. Therefore, this research aims to identify the exhaust emissions of the homogenous gasoline-methanol-(ethanol) blend. For each blended fraction was tested on a single-cylinder four-stroke engine. The emission test is carried out in two stages which include the gasoline mode, and the alcohol mode. These two measurement modes undergo a validation process to correct the differences in the measurement results of the gasoline-methanol-ethanol blends. The test results show that increasing the methanol fraction in the gasoline-methanol-(ethanol) fuel blend results in reduced emission of carbon monoxide and unburnt hydrocarbon because methanol has a high enthalpy of evaporation, which increases both volumetric efficiency and complete combustion. In addition, the increase in the methanol fraction in the gasoline-methanol-(ethanol) blend showed a higher increase in carbon dioxide emissions. This is because methanol and ethanol have a much lower energy content than gasoline. Therefore, its energy production per unit time requires more fuel molecules.","PeriodicalId":36133,"journal":{"name":"Automotive Experiences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43398210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Recent Advances in Diesel-Biodiesel Blended with Nano-Additive as Fuel in Diesel Engines: A Detailed Review 掺纳米添加剂的柴油-生物柴油作为柴油机燃料的研究进展

Automotive Experiences Pub Date : 2022-04-18 DOI: 10.31603/ae.6352

A. Sule, Z. A. Latiff, M. A. Abbas, Ibham Veza, A. C. Opia

{"title":"Recent Advances in Diesel-Biodiesel Blended with Nano-Additive as Fuel in Diesel Engines: A Detailed Review","authors":"A. Sule, Z. A. Latiff, M. A. Abbas, Ibham Veza, A. C. Opia","doi":"10.31603/ae.6352","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31603/ae.6352","url":null,"abstract":"Global emission of gases has increased rapidly due to higher combustion of fossil fuels arising from increasing world population which has led to a greater number of manufacturing industries and ‘on-road vehicle (ORV)’ users. Researchers have attributed cause of global warming to gases emissions which correspondingly lead to climate change with devastating repercussions. Currently, climate change is a general issue and world leaders have been tasked to cut down emissions of gases that directly affect the ecosystem and influence climate change. Biodiesel which is an alternative to fossil fuels face many challenges and to tackle some limitations with biodiesel researchers blends biodiesels in various proportional ratio to diesel fuel. This paper, therefore, concentrates on reviewing the use of additives specifically nano-additives by researchers recently to alter and boost desired characteristics in diesel-biodiesel fuel; it also examines the synthesis of nano-additives; challenges, and advances made. This paper further analysed, reviewed, and compared recent results from nano-additive use with respect to emissions, fuel consumption, brake thermal efficiency, and engine power, establishes the merits and demerits of diverse nano-additives, and finally presents a conclusive opinion on nano-additive usage with diesel fuels in diesel engines.","PeriodicalId":36133,"journal":{"name":"Automotive Experiences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42554183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 8

Renewable and Sustainable Green Diesel (D100) for Achieving Net Zero Emission in Indonesia Transportation Sector 可再生和可持续的绿色柴油(D100)实现印尼交通部门的净零排放

Automotive Experiences Pub Date : 2022-03-19 DOI: 10.31603/ae.6895

I. Setiawan, M. Setiyo

引用次数: 7

Performance Optimization of Automotive Air-Conditioning System Operating with Al2O3-SiO2/PAG Composite Nanolubricants using Taguchi Method 田口法优化Al2O3-SiO2/PAG复合纳米润滑剂汽车空调系统性能

Automotive Experiences Pub Date : 2022-03-08 DOI: 10.31603/ae.6215

Nurul Izzati Mohd Zawawi, W. Azmi, M. F. Ghazali, A. I. Ramadhan

{"title":"Performance Optimization of Automotive Air-Conditioning System Operating with Al2O3-SiO2/PAG Composite Nanolubricants using Taguchi Method","authors":"Nurul Izzati Mohd Zawawi, W. Azmi, M. F. Ghazali, A. I. Ramadhan","doi":"10.31603/ae.6215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31603/ae.6215","url":null,"abstract":"The performance of an automotive air-conditioning (AAC) system is influenced by a variety of operating conditions. This can be addressed by employing optimization techniques that can suggest the appropriate parameters for the best results. In this study, the optimum operating conditions for a composite nanolubricants-fuelled AAC system were investigate using Taguchi's design of experiment approach and analysis of variance (ANOVA). The motor speed value, initial refrigerant charge, and composite nanolubricants composition ratio were chosen as operating parameters to investigate the AAC system performance, focusing on the coefficient of performance (COP) and compressor work. Orthogonal arrays (ORs) L25 (56) was selected to determine the optimum operating parameters of the AAC system. The optimum values for speed, refrigerant mass, and composition ratio were determined to be A4B1C5 (60:40, 900 rpm and 155 g), respectively. The motor speed was the significant factor influencing both COP and compressor performance by 78.13% and 89.29%. A confirmation test was conducted with the optimum levels of AAC system parameters to verify the efficiency of the Taguchi optimization method. The validation between the optimization results and the experimental results yielded a maximum error of 9.85%, indicating that the findings of this investigation were acceptable.","PeriodicalId":36133,"journal":{"name":"Automotive Experiences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42343886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Rollover Stability Analysis and Layout Optimization of a Delta E-trike 三角洲电动三轮车侧翻稳定性分析及布局优化

Automotive Experiences Pub Date : 2022-03-08 DOI: 10.31603/ae.6136

Fitri Endrasari, D. W. Djamari, B. Budiman, F. Triawan

引用次数: 2

Natural Fiber Composites from Coconut Fiber, Wood Powder, and Shellfish Shell of Centrifugal Clutch Materials 由椰子纤维、木粉和离心离合器材料的贝类外壳制成的天然纤维复合材料

Automotive Experiences Pub Date : 2022-03-04 DOI: 10.31603/ae.6040

A. Kholil, R. Riyadi, S. T. Dwiyati, E. A. Syaefuddin, Randika Hadi Pratama, Yuda Dwi Rama Putra

{"title":"Natural Fiber Composites from Coconut Fiber, Wood Powder, and Shellfish Shell of Centrifugal Clutch Materials","authors":"A. Kholil, R. Riyadi, S. T. Dwiyati, E. A. Syaefuddin, Randika Hadi Pratama, Yuda Dwi Rama Putra","doi":"10.31603/ae.6040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31603/ae.6040","url":null,"abstract":"Natural fiber materials are the sustainable sources used for future automotive elements, where the centrifugal clutch utilizes the frictional force on the clutch pads to transfer kinetic energy from the rotating crankshaft to the transmission and the wheels. These pads are produced from several natural composites, such as coconut fiber, as well as wood and shellfish powder, whose characteristics are being investigated for hardness, microstructure, and wear properties. Based on this study, performance analysis was carried out on the samples of composite centrifugal clutch applied to automatic motorcycles. As a comparison, subsequent analysis was conducted on the genuine clutch pad materials, where the results showed differences in the characteristics of each mixture composition of the natural fiber composites. This indicated that the addition of wood powder composition to the clutch pad increased the hardness and special wear values by an average of approximately 12.9 and 1.16%, respectively. Furthermore, the composite content was observed in the microstructure, as the maximum power and torque on the natural fiber materials were 10.7 hp and 17.17 N.m, respectively. The value was found to be closely similar to the genuine parts with maximum power and torque of 10.8 hp and 16.02 N.m, respectively.","PeriodicalId":36133,"journal":{"name":"Automotive Experiences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46767967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

A Review on the Disposal Methods with Intrinsic Environmental and Economic Impacts of Scrap Tyres in Nigeria 尼日利亚报废轮胎具有内在环境和经济影响的处理方法综述

Automotive Experiences Pub Date : 2022-02-12 DOI: 10.31603/ae.5634

F. Elehinafe, Yebtemiya Judith Hassan, Queen Edidiong Ebong-Bassey, A. J. Adesanmi

引用次数: 0

Strategy for Safe Passenger Transport during the COVID-19 Pandemic: From Review to Recommendation 2019冠状病毒病大流行期间旅客安全运输战略:从审查到建议

Automotive Experiences Pub Date : 2022-02-07 DOI: 10.31603/ae.6593

R. Rusdjijati, S. Subrata, Z. B. Pambuko, M. Setiyo, M. Noga

{"title":"Strategy for Safe Passenger Transport during the COVID-19 Pandemic: From Review to Recommendation","authors":"R. Rusdjijati, S. Subrata, Z. B. Pambuko, M. Setiyo, M. Noga","doi":"10.31603/ae.6593","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31603/ae.6593","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic caused a large-scale disruption to countries worldwide particularly in road traffic changes and people mobility. To respond to this, a titanic amount of published studies had investigated those concerns. However, a study describing mitigation efforts relating to this pandemic in the transportation sector is scarce. On the other hand, the lack of coordination between transportation authorities, public transport operators, and passengers triggers complex issues including the accumulation of passengers at bus stations that potentially increase virus transmission. For this reason, this article intends to investigate and establish strategies for safe passenger transport. The finding of the article presented four basic strategies as follows: First, a coordinated response among stakeholders and government is needed to develop comprehensive policies. Second, coordinated demand management is required to maintain a balance between government policies and citizen demands. Third, provide health education on Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) to public transport crews. Fourth, protecting the passengers and maintaining trust in public transport services. Additionally, it is recommended to provide adequate infrastructure, perform regular check-ups (i.e. assessing body temperature before entering public transportation), provide up-to-date COVID-19 health alert, and implement health protocol. Also, when this pandemic is over, the use of fuel-based transportation needs to be reduced, especially for short trips. To optimize this strategy, the role of government and health authorities on the policy side is crucial. Also, a good response from public transport operators and passengers is the key to defeat the COVID-19 pandemic in the transportation area.","PeriodicalId":36133,"journal":{"name":"Automotive Experiences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44660217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3