{"title":"Robust hydro-thermal power system controller considering energy capacitor system and wind power source","authors":"T. Kerdphol, Y. Qudaih, K. H. Basri, Y. Mitani","doi":"10.1504/ijpse.2015.071430","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/ijpse.2015.071430","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the method to design the robust controller for the hydro thermal system considering interconnection of two areas. The feasibility of using the automatic generation control with energy capacitor system is implemented to both areas. Wind turbines are considered to be one of the most used alternative sources of energy to solve global warming worldwide. The output of wind turbines depends on the weather condition which causes large fluctuation in the power output when WTs connect to the system. So, the system should be capable of handling uncertainties caused by the wind turbines and load variations. H∞ loop-shaping method is designed as the proposed controller which is used to regulate and improve system stability in the hydro thermal power system. Results demonstrate that the hydro thermal system with CS-based H∞-controller gives higher system stability and more robustness than the hydro thermal system with ECS-based PID controller.","PeriodicalId":360947,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Process Systems Engineering","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132160896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Daniel van Lanen, Jennifer Cocking, S. Walker, M. Fowler, R. Fraser, S. Young, L. Ahmadi, A. Thai, Jake Yeung, Arthur Yip
{"title":"Economic and environmental analysis of a green energy hub with energy storage under fixed and variable pricing structures","authors":"Daniel van Lanen, Jennifer Cocking, S. Walker, M. Fowler, R. Fraser, S. Young, L. Ahmadi, A. Thai, Jake Yeung, Arthur Yip","doi":"10.1504/ijpse.2015.071434","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/ijpse.2015.071434","url":null,"abstract":"With the increased use of intermittent renewable power generation, including wind and solar power, the need for energy storage is increasing. Repurposed hybrid electric vehicle lithium ion batteries have been shown to have energy storage potential at a modest capital cost. In this paper, the authors use a two stage MatLAB simulation to create and optimise, a net zero grid-connected facility. The yearly electricity price is calculated under various scenarios using two different pricing structures, fixed feed-in tariff and market pricing. The facility under consideration is a commercial distribution centre with refrigeration, onsite generation of hydrogen for fuel cell powered forklifts, solar and wind power generation, and re-purposed batteries for energy storage. Importantly, the feed-in tariff mechanism is shown to be a deterrent to implementing energy storage onsite, as well as to increasing the use of locally generated power. Although further savings are possible in the model, when energy storage is used, close to $50,000 in savings can be seen from electrolyser load shifting that requires no capital investment. The mechanism also negatively influences indirect electricity emissions, which is not consistent with environmental objectives.","PeriodicalId":360947,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Process Systems Engineering","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122837140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Risk assessment: methods on purpose?","authors":"Christian Foussard, Cédric Denis-Rémis","doi":"10.1504/ijpse.2014.070090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/ijpse.2014.070090","url":null,"abstract":"When considering three proven methods of risk assessment widely used within energy sector, PHA, FMEA and HAZOP, the question of the adequacy of the method to objectives is raised. After introducing the methodological framework for risk assessment, we take a look at an overview of the three methods. From a perspective shaped by systemic paradigm, we propose the concept of symptom, as thread running through of each method. After detailing the specific symptoms for each method, we put forward two hypotheses. First, a method is not neutral and symptoms are a sign of inclination and drive representations of the scenarios developed. Second, risk assessment workshops, seen as privileged locations for organisational learning, change the relationship between actors and hazardous situations. By locating each method within the triangulation of definition from the systemic paradigm, we invite risk assessment experts to make their tacit knowledge as explicit as possible in order to identify operational levers to control their activity.","PeriodicalId":360947,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Process Systems Engineering","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134187329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Developing a monitoring system for long-distance pipeline leakage incorporating fusion of conflicting evidences","authors":"D. Adair, H. E. Emara-Shabaik, M. Jaeger","doi":"10.1504/IJPSE.2014.070084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJPSE.2014.070084","url":null,"abstract":"Quite often, during long-distance pipe leakage, critical decisions have to be made quickly and with as much certainty as possible using conflicting and uncertain sources of information. Key to providing quality decision options is an appropriate method of combining, or fusing, these heterogeneous evidence sources. Since the development of belief function theory introduced by Shafer in the 1970s many combination rules have been proposed in the literature because in highly conflicting situations the emblematic Dempster's rule generates counter-intuitive and unacceptable results in practical applications. In this work, the Dezert-Smarandache theory (DSmT) will be explored, in particular the PCR5 and PCR6 rules of proportional conflict redistribution, and a simple long-distance pipe leakage monitoring method is developed to help in the development of a method for more complicated situations.","PeriodicalId":360947,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Process Systems Engineering","volume":"313 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115557394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cooperative autonomous control for active power sharing in multi-terminal VSC-HVDC","authors":"Hasan Alrajhi, E. El-Saadany","doi":"10.1504/ijpse.2014.070085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/ijpse.2014.070085","url":null,"abstract":"Economical autonomous control for sharing active power among MTDC systems based on the availability of active power or on a power management policy is proposed in this paper. Power sharing among MTDC systems involves a priority or sequential procedural problem because of the use of the conventional droop strategy. On the other hand, the use of predefined or constant power sharing fails to identify the available power that can be shared when it is not consumed by another inverter. The proposed strategy addresses these issues through a variety of options. The test system presented in this paper consists of three simulated VSC terminals based on a detailed switching VSC model with two AC voltage levels. The MTDC system has been simulated in a PSCAD/EMTDC environment. The simulation results show a significant decrease in operating costs as well as the ability to provide effective protection with respect to the problem of overloading.","PeriodicalId":360947,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Process Systems Engineering","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114332652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kiyan Elyasibakhtiari, E. Akhavan-Rezai, M. Azzouz, E. El-Saadany
{"title":"Hardware-in-the-loop real-time simulation test-bed for smart grid design, control and performance verification","authors":"Kiyan Elyasibakhtiari, E. Akhavan-Rezai, M. Azzouz, E. El-Saadany","doi":"10.1504/ijpse.2014.070091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/ijpse.2014.070091","url":null,"abstract":"The effectiveness of real-time simulation is approved by its reputation in many engineering domains, and, recently, it has been widely appreciated by power system and smart grid research vendors. More importantly, hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulation, as one of the important applications of the real-time simulation, is a great asset for validation tests of real-time system's components before implementation on the actual grid. This paper presents the real-time simulator and the test bed developed in the University of Waterloo, Smart Distribution Systems Research (SDSR) Lab, using the real-time simulator established by OPAL-RT Co. In addition, results of a case study which is implemented in RTS including a Lab-based model of the electric vehicle battery and the charger connected to the grid as well as the controlling strategy are illustrated here.","PeriodicalId":360947,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Process Systems Engineering","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115946083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Application and comparison of three maintenance techniques for replacement decision making - a case study in the pulp manufacturing industry","authors":"R. Ahmad, S. Kamaruddin","doi":"10.1504/IJPSE.2012.051016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJPSE.2012.051016","url":null,"abstract":"The current paper presents the application of three maintenance techniques, namely, age replacement-based maintenance (ARBM), wear rate-based maintenance (WRBM), and output-based maintenance (OBM), for replacement decision making. The first two techniques are available in the literature, whereas the third one is a technique proposed in the present paper. The theory and principles underlying each technique are briefly discussed before the applicability of each is validated through a case study in the pulp manufacturing industry. The results of each maintenance technique for replacement decision making are compared and discussed from a practical point of view. The present paper concludes that OBM, the proposed technique, provides a more realistic approach towards replacement decision making compared with the other two techniques for functional failure type component. This conclusion is supported by a review of the entire process of replacement decision making based on four practicability criteria, namely, the basic theory and principle of each technique, data requirements and challenge in data collection, data analysis/modelling, and the decision process. Future research recommendations for the application of OBM are also given.","PeriodicalId":360947,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Process Systems Engineering","volume":"53 11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124645835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Risk-based performance analysis for regional hybrid fuel with compressed natural gas option","authors":"H. Gabbar, R. Bedard","doi":"10.1504/IJPSE.2012.051028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJPSE.2012.051028","url":null,"abstract":"Compressed natural gas is widely used for transportation due to its competitive price and less environmental impacts compared with traditional gasoline. With the recent push to implement electric vehicles, it became important to evaluate the current transportation fuelling status and identify best scenarios to move towards greener transportation. This paper presents analysis of hybrid transportation with compressed natural gas as a fuelling option to determine the most effective way to implement regional green transportation. Intelligent modelling and simulation techniques are proposed to model transportation and fuelling process and used as basis for performance modelling and analysis for different scenarios. Compressed natural gas is found to be a superior fuel to gasoline based on given scenario conditions and criteria for regional green hybrid transportation. The proposed scenarios are applied on case studies in Ontario to confirm the high value of compressed natural gas as viable fuelling scenarios.","PeriodicalId":360947,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Process Systems Engineering","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129375366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Analysis of thermal system network of an ammonia plant using genetic algorithms - part II: network modification","authors":"N. Chavda, P. Prabhakaran","doi":"10.1504/IJPSE.2012.051010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJPSE.2012.051010","url":null,"abstract":"This part of the paper examines two options of modification of the HEN of the ammonia plant based on two methods of pinch analyses, viz., network pinch method (NPM) and retrofitting analysis (RA) using genetic algorithms for both ∆Tmin and Qmin approaches. Using NPM with ∆Tmin and Qmin approaches, it is seen that there is a scope for reduction in hot and cold utilities by 1,758 kW and subsequently reduction in area of HEN by 368 m2and 136 m2which results in decrease of total annual cost by 1.71% and 1.30% respectively. Amongst the combination of modification, it is also found that using NPM with ∆Tmin approach, the hot and cold utility requirements for existing area efficiency and ideal area efficiency can be reduced with a payback period of 1.69 years and 0.80 years respectively.","PeriodicalId":360947,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Process Systems Engineering","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122180090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Modular design of heat exchanger networks","authors":"Uma M.K. Ati, V. Mahalec","doi":"10.1504/IJPSE.2012.051035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJPSE.2012.051035","url":null,"abstract":"Heat exchanger networks (HENs) are essential for energy recovery in process plants. Current HEN design methods use approximate models to improve convergence. This work presents a novel linear rigorous algorithm for computation of mass and energy balances which enables rapid synthesis of optimal HEN structure by using modular size heat exchangers. HEN non-iterative simulation algorithm: 1) solves mass balance equations for the network; 2) computes heat exchanger energy transfer factor which depends only on the current flows through the exchanger and conditions for a typical counter-current heat exchanger; 3) solves linear energy balance given results from 1 and 2. This once-through rapid computation enables network design via differential evolution algorithm by using heat exchangers in modular sizes. Several examples illustrate the algorithm capability to determine the best structures. Proposed method enables design of lower capital cost networks that are as efficient as the networks with custom exchanger sizes.","PeriodicalId":360947,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Process Systems Engineering","volume":"93 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130380167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}