Proceedings of the 1999 IEEE International Symposium on Electronics and the Environment (Cat. No.99CH36357)最新文献

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Development of new Pb-free solder alloy of Sn-Ag-Bi system 新型Sn-Ag-Bi体系无铅钎料合金的研制
K. Habu, N. Takeda, H. Watanabe, K. Ooki, J. Abe, T. Saito, Y. Taniguchi, K. Takayama
{"title":"Development of new Pb-free solder alloy of Sn-Ag-Bi system","authors":"K. Habu, N. Takeda, H. Watanabe, K. Ooki, J. Abe, T. Saito, Y. Taniguchi, K. Takayama","doi":"10.1109/ISEE.1999.765841","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEE.1999.765841","url":null,"abstract":"New solder alloys are now being developed to find Pb-free alternatives to conventional lead-based solder for environmental reasons. The authors have developed a novel lead-free solder made up of tin, silver, bismuth, copper, and germanium with the composition Sn-2.0Ag-4.0Bi-0.5Cu-0.1Ge. The small amount of germanium drastically improves the solderability and the reliability of the Sn-Ag-Bi system. The new solder is usable in conventional soldering equipment.","PeriodicalId":360946,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 1999 IEEE International Symposium on Electronics and the Environment (Cat. No.99CH36357)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125613118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
End-of-life treatment from technical and economical perspectives-a cornerstone of efficient design for recycling 从技术和经济的角度来看,报废处理是有效回收设计的基石
J. Nilsson, M. Bjorkman
{"title":"End-of-life treatment from technical and economical perspectives-a cornerstone of efficient design for recycling","authors":"J. Nilsson, M. Bjorkman","doi":"10.1109/ISEE.1999.765896","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEE.1999.765896","url":null,"abstract":"Emending take-back legislation and rising customer awareness drive manufacturers to implement design for recycling initiatives. At Nokia Multimeda Terminals in Sweden, a study was carried out to improve the design of satellite receivers. The study included how take-back legislation will motivate design changes, and what effect present and future end-of-life treatment technology could have on the design. From this, design guidelines were generated. It became obvious that top priority should be to avoid hazardous substances. Whether to also design the product for easy disassembly could not be distinctly determined since these kinds of products are likely to be mechanically processed when reaching their end-of-life phase.","PeriodicalId":360946,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 1999 IEEE International Symposium on Electronics and the Environment (Cat. No.99CH36357)","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123980533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
System simulation and modeling of electronics demanufacturing facilities 电子拆解设备的系统仿真与建模
K. Limaye, R. Caudill
{"title":"System simulation and modeling of electronics demanufacturing facilities","authors":"K. Limaye, R. Caudill","doi":"10.1109/ISEE.1999.765883","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEE.1999.765883","url":null,"abstract":"A computer-based tool for simulating demanufacturing facilities from a systems perspective has been developed and validated using data from a small electronics demanufacturer. An activity-based cost model has been integrated into the simulation to examine the full operational and economic trade-offs associated with a demanufacturing business. Various improvement scenarios can be modeled and simulated to evaluate bottomline results from proposed changes in operations, resource utilization, equipment selection, and facility layout.","PeriodicalId":360946,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 1999 IEEE International Symposium on Electronics and the Environment (Cat. No.99CH36357)","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124254800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 15
End-of-life treatment of telecommunication/IT products-a joint multi-disciplinary project 电讯/资讯科技产品的报废处理-一个多学科的联合项目
M. Bjorkman, L. Melin
{"title":"End-of-life treatment of telecommunication/IT products-a joint multi-disciplinary project","authors":"M. Bjorkman, L. Melin","doi":"10.1109/ISEE.1999.765849","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEE.1999.765849","url":null,"abstract":"The paper describes an ongoing multi-disciplinary joint research project between Ericsson and a multidisciplinary research group within the International Graduate School of Management and Industrial Engineering, Linkoping University, Sweden. The purpose of the project is to develop general as well as Ericsson specific knowledge within the field of end-of-life treatment and design for environment of telecommunication and other information technology products. The project aims at providing support for continuous development of environmental criteria and proactive action. Addressing the following issues fulfils the purpose of the project: How can Ericsson continuously improve its strategies for environmental performance of its products, seen over their whole life cycle? How can end-of-life treatment considerations increase the benefit for a company like Ericsson and its customers? What is the essential focus while designing products to be ahead of demands from customers, other stakeholders, and future environmental legislation? In the paper is a discussion as to why the holistic nature of the project makes multi-disciplinary research vital. The paper also gives an overview of achieved research results and a discussion about important practical aspects concerning this kind of multi-disciplinary joint project between industry and university.","PeriodicalId":360946,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 1999 IEEE International Symposium on Electronics and the Environment (Cat. No.99CH36357)","volume":"237 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121627821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Metrics for telecom products: essential part of an ecodesign methodology 电信产品的指标:生态设计方法论的重要组成部分
S. Criel, T. Bervoets, P. de Langhe, D. Ceuterick, A. Vercalsteren
{"title":"Metrics for telecom products: essential part of an ecodesign methodology","authors":"S. Criel, T. Bervoets, P. de Langhe, D. Ceuterick, A. Vercalsteren","doi":"10.1109/ISEE.1999.765842","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEE.1999.765842","url":null,"abstract":"Alcatel SSD Antwerp (Belgium) has an \"ecodesign toolkit\" available, in order to reduce the overall environmental impacts of its telecommunications products. This toolkit contains three basic types of \"tools\": qualitative (guidelines and checklists); semi-quantitative (metrics); and quantitative (LCA based approaches). This paper specifically focuses on product related metrics, which indicate how well a product meets the requirements which are part of the ecodesign guidelines and checklist. This allows product designers to calculate a single value (expressed in environmental penalty points) which indicates the environmental performance of a specific product layout. In addition, the metrics reveals the key issues where environmental product improvements can be achieved. In this paper, the metrics approach is described and compared to two life cycle oriented approaches: life cycle assessment (LCA); and an eco-design analysis using software tool for quick eco-design assessments. The subject of this comparative assessment was a fan unit, a sub-assembly of a telecommunication broadband switching rack.","PeriodicalId":360946,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 1999 IEEE International Symposium on Electronics and the Environment (Cat. No.99CH36357)","volume":"181 10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131277151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Separation processes and economic evaluation of tertiary recycling of electronic scrap 电子废弃物三级回收的分离工艺及经济评价
L. Busselle, T. A. Moore, J. M. Shoemaker, R. Allred
{"title":"Separation processes and economic evaluation of tertiary recycling of electronic scrap","authors":"L. Busselle, T. A. Moore, J. M. Shoemaker, R. Allred","doi":"10.1109/ISEE.1999.765874","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEE.1999.765874","url":null,"abstract":"Adherent Technologies' development of a novel conversion process for the recycling of electronic scrap has led to the investigation of separation technologies for the products produced directly from this process. An economic model of the entire process has also been developed based on the latest findings. This process will handle complex mixtures of plastics, metals, ceramics and fiberglass or reinforcing components such as those that make up electronic scrap without labor-intensive separation before processing. Products from the process include valuable recycled materials: chemicals, metals, ceramics and fiberglass, which have ready available markets. Operation and maintenance of the process requires a minimum labor force. Little or no segregation is required for the feedstock before processing, thus reducing labor costs and dramatically increasing the economics of the process over existing recycling techniques. This process provides an economical and environmentally conscious solution to the problem of electronic scrap today and in the future.","PeriodicalId":360946,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 1999 IEEE International Symposium on Electronics and the Environment (Cat. No.99CH36357)","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126873151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 7
Environmental performance of mobile products 移动产品的环境性能
B. Ram, A. Stevels, H. Griese, A. Middendorf, J. Muller, N. Nissen, H. Reich
{"title":"Environmental performance of mobile products","authors":"B. Ram, A. Stevels, H. Griese, A. Middendorf, J. Muller, N. Nissen, H. Reich","doi":"10.1109/ISEE.1999.765864","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEE.1999.765864","url":null,"abstract":"Digitalization, miniaturization and integration are strong drivers for further development of products for mobile communication. As such these will generally lead to lower environmental loads per product. However, the strongly increasing number of products on the market will reverse this trend for the total sector. Examinations on telephones have been carried out jointly at Philips Consumer Electronics and at the Fraunhofer Institute for Reliability and Microintegration (IZM). The characteristic product parts, energy supply, display, encasing and electronic signal processing are subjected to an environmental assessment (including environmental assessment with Eco-Indicator and with the Toxic Potential Indicator IZM-TPI) and improvement potentials are shown for the selected products. The analysis shows that in mobile products, energy systems and the printed circuit boards are the key elements in further reduction of environmental loads. Both alternative substrates, lead free soldering and component selection (less hazardous substances) can contribute substantially towards this goal. These three topics are combined with further miniaturization, especially reduction of the board size, in the future. Approximately only half of the potential in this field has been implemented yet. As an overall result, it is concluded that the environmentally based load of present and future mobile products can be kept within limits if a swift implementation of EcoDesign (design for environment) is ensured.","PeriodicalId":360946,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 1999 IEEE International Symposium on Electronics and the Environment (Cat. No.99CH36357)","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123789575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 17
Life-cycle environmental comparison of primary and secondary batteries 一次电池与二次电池寿命周期环境比较
R. Lankey, F. McMichael
{"title":"Life-cycle environmental comparison of primary and secondary batteries","authors":"R. Lankey, F. McMichael","doi":"10.1109/ISEE.1999.765872","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEE.1999.765872","url":null,"abstract":"Life-cycle assessment (LCA) is used to improve the environmental performance of products over their entire life, and LCA methods are in a constant state of evolution. A quantitative model for product analysis has been developed at Carnegie Mellon. The model is based on economic input-output life-cycle analysis (EIO-LCA), a tool that allows a user to quantify direct and indirect relationships among industry sectors and associated environmental burdens during the manufacturing stage of a product. However, to study environmental effects over a product's entire life, use and end-of-life impacts must also be quantified. This paper presents a hybrid LCA approach to product environmental assessment in which both EIO-LCA and a conventional LCA approach are applied to comparing the total environmental impacts of primary and rechargeable batteries. We find that through the manufacturing stage, the environmental impact of primary batteries is greater than that of storage batteries. Resource use and associated impacts after manufacturing can be partially quantified at present.","PeriodicalId":360946,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 1999 IEEE International Symposium on Electronics and the Environment (Cat. No.99CH36357)","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127861521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Semiconductor devices drive environmentally conscious product (ECP) goals 半导体器件推动环境意识产品(ECP)的目标
D.W. McDonnell, M.A. Flandera-Christie
{"title":"Semiconductor devices drive environmentally conscious product (ECP) goals","authors":"D.W. McDonnell, M.A. Flandera-Christie","doi":"10.1109/ISEE.1999.765838","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEE.1999.765838","url":null,"abstract":"Semiconductor technology advances not only drive performance aspects but contribute significantly towards promoting environmentally conscious product (ECP) goals by reducing power requirements and materials for the same function through scaling. As the market drives towards smaller and portable hand-held devices, battery life becomes significant. Several new technologies are discussed which have provided the leadership in manufacturing for IBM microchips while significantly enhancing energy usage material requirements. Copper technology has become the conductor of choice allowing higher speeds through smaller dimensions. Aluminum is not able to keep up when the transistors were made faster and packed closer together thus causing the interconnection to be the gate. Resistance and inductance sap semiconductor speed and power, which has now been overcome through the use of copper technology. Silicon-on-insulator (SOI) alters the transistor design, enhancing them to run faster and use less power. The SOI process protects the millions of tiny transistors on a chip with a \"blanket\" of insulation, reducing harmful electrical effects that sap energy. If performance levels are held constant, SOI chips can require as little as 1/3 the power of today's microchips. SiGe material enhancements offer even further power and material reductions by making it possible to pack more transistors onto a single chip. This technology enhances performance while addressing low-power needs of wireless products, the network access appliance market, as well as the growing segments of the networked world with requirements for high speed routers and switches. This new market outlook demand for more portable devices and the subsequent battery life makes it a major concern to maximize the life of batteries (reducing power requirements) in order to support environmentally conscious goals of energy consumption, materials and disposal concerns.","PeriodicalId":360946,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 1999 IEEE International Symposium on Electronics and the Environment (Cat. No.99CH36357)","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123998375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Implementation of design for environment at a diversified OEM 在一个多元化的OEM实施环境设计
T. Swarr, J. Legarth, E. Huang
{"title":"Implementation of design for environment at a diversified OEM","authors":"T. Swarr, J. Legarth, E. Huang","doi":"10.1109/ISEE.1999.765844","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEE.1999.765844","url":null,"abstract":"As a provider of diverse high technology products and services, United Technologies Corporation (UTC) is faced with unique challenges in its design for the environment, health, and safety efforts. The broad range of UTC products manufactured includes Pratt and Whitney aircraft engines, Carrier heating and air conditioning systems, Otis elevators, Sikorsky helicopters, Hamilton Standard aerospace systems, and United Technologies Automotive components. This paper discusses the current activities to integrate forward looking environmental, health, and safety considerations with business drivers into the product design and development of UTC products.","PeriodicalId":360946,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 1999 IEEE International Symposium on Electronics and the Environment (Cat. No.99CH36357)","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123825422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
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