{"title":"Global environmental protection technologies in the Matsushita Electric Group (Panasonic)","authors":"T. Nitta, D. A. Thompson","doi":"10.1109/ISEE.1999.765871","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEE.1999.765871","url":null,"abstract":"Matsushita Electric Industrial Co. Ltd., has been a leader in the development of the concept of \"green products\", including the concept of \"totally-recyclable products\". These concepts are currently being given priority throughout the Panasonic Group companies. Panasonic is addressing the environmental attributes and performance of its products at every stage in the product life cycle, ranging from fundamental design, through purchasing, production, disassembly and separation, to recycling. We have dedicated considerable resources to the development of products featuring environmentally-responsible performance and quality, as well as improved basic quality and performance. Panasonic is also an industry pioneer in developing recycling technologies for after-use products. This paper provides an overview of our environmental protection technologies for the development of green products, followed by the case study of a new television design.","PeriodicalId":360946,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 1999 IEEE International Symposium on Electronics and the Environment (Cat. No.99CH36357)","volume":"102 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127192032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Implementing design for environment changes in Quantum's high-end tape business","authors":"D. Newman, G. Chambers, B. Jimison, D. Cox","doi":"10.1109/ISEE.1999.765845","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEE.1999.765845","url":null,"abstract":"Quantum's Specialty Storage Products Group (SSPG) designs and manufactures high-end Digital Linear Tape (DLT/sup TM/) back-up systems, libraries and autoloaders. Quantum set out to improve the environmental performance of this product line by developing and implementing a design for environment (DFE) program customized for the product, its customers, and end-users. Although environmental improvement was a high priority for the project, it was also critical to encourage those changes that would meet business needs, and that could feasibly be implemented. A combined effort was made between Environmental Engineers, SSPG Marketing, and Advanced Products (AP) Engineering to identify such possible changes. To prioritize DFE areas, Quantum considered, in order of priority: (1) market advantage and customer concerns, (2) engineering feasibility/cost, and (3) environmental impact. Data from end-users, as well as from product knowledge, literature and disassembly sequences were utilized. As a result of the prioritization and involvement of these groups, changes were made to the product design that will reduce environmental impact during use and disposal phases.","PeriodicalId":360946,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 1999 IEEE International Symposium on Electronics and the Environment (Cat. No.99CH36357)","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128028083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Understanding the real impact of DFE guidelines: a case study of four generations of telephones","authors":"H. Al-Okush, R. Caudill, V. Thomas","doi":"10.1109/ISEE.1999.765863","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEE.1999.765863","url":null,"abstract":"This research addresses a fundamental question regarding the effectiveness of existing design for environment (DFE) guidelines. The study attempts to understand the improvement in a product's environmental performance directly attributable to the DFE tools and how much results simply from other design objectives or enabling technologies. Four generations of a business telephone, with the latest version designed using state-of-the-art DFE guidelines, are examined using life cycle assessment and demanufacturing analysis to evaluate environmental life cycle performance. This information is used to forecast the progression to a present day, non-DFE phone. By overlaying comparable information generated by analyzing the existing DFE-designed phone, the true impact of DFE on the product can be assessed.","PeriodicalId":360946,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 1999 IEEE International Symposium on Electronics and the Environment (Cat. No.99CH36357)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114141621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A combinatorial cost-benefit analysis methodology for designing modular electronic products for the environment","authors":"P. Veerakamolmal, Surendra M. Gupta","doi":"10.1109/ISEE.1999.765888","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEE.1999.765888","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a technique to analyze the efficiency of designing electronic products for the environment. The efficiency of each design is indicated using a Design for Disassembly Index (DfDI). DfDI uses a disassembly tree (DT) which relies on the product's bill of materials as its structural blueprint. DfDI can be used to compare the efficiency among alternative designs, identifying the best alternative for a product retirement plan. In addition, the index offers designers with an important measure to help improve future products.","PeriodicalId":360946,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 1999 IEEE International Symposium on Electronics and the Environment (Cat. No.99CH36357)","volume":"120 S156","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113972896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Characterization of material outputs from an electronics demanufacturing facility","authors":"S.K. Das, S. Matthew","doi":"10.1109/ISEE.1999.765885","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEE.1999.765885","url":null,"abstract":"In a typical disassembly facility there are two classes of outputs, (i) retrieved parts or subsystems, and (ii) material waste. The material waste is shipped out to either a material reclamation facility or a landfill site. A clear definition of this material output is essential to the modeling and analysis of a disassembly facility. These definitions will determine the appropriate disassembly plan, process economics, and handling requirements. In this paper we introduce and define the majority of outputs from electronic disassembly plants. The work is based on studies conducted at several commercial facilities. For each output the purity thresholds, the most likely recycling paths, and the potential reuse values are discussed. Recycling costs tend to increase as the purity of the entering material drops. One of the purposes of disassembly therefore, is to enhance the purity of the output bins. A disassembly planner must address several questions in the context of the bins, such as: is it economical to further disassemble a subassembly so as to increase purity? Is there enough mass to warrant maintaining a high copper bin? We expect the results of this paper will permit the development of assignment type disassembly planning models. We identify eight classes of output bins: ferrous metals, nonferrous metals, sources of precious metals, packaging materials, glass and ceramics, plastics, hazardous parts, and paper. Specific bins are discussed in detail. Common sources of these outputs are also discussed, and the relative market value is evaluated.","PeriodicalId":360946,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 1999 IEEE International Symposium on Electronics and the Environment (Cat. No.99CH36357)","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114719576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Eco-efficiency of take-back systems of electronic products","authors":"A. Stevels","doi":"10.1109/ISEE.1999.765891","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEE.1999.765891","url":null,"abstract":"In order to describe the effectiveness of take-back systems the concept of eco-efficiency is proposed. Basically this is the ratio between environmental gain and cost of the system. The unit of environmental gain is dependent of the main goal to be realised: preliminary results of eco-efficiency calculations (based on data collected from take-back projects) show that the eco-efficiency concept can create valuable insights. Effects of design for environment and design for recycling can be substantiated. Cost and yield of secondary material streams play a pivotal role in determining eco-efficiency. This opposes the traditional idea that material compositions of individual products should be considered first. Avenues for further work are indicated.","PeriodicalId":360946,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 1999 IEEE International Symposium on Electronics and the Environment (Cat. No.99CH36357)","volume":"91 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114974989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Integrating customer preferences into green design and manufacturing","authors":"D. Thurston, W. Hoffman","doi":"10.1109/ISEE.1999.765877","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEE.1999.765877","url":null,"abstract":"Customer preferences drive the design process. However, it is extremely difficult to accurately assess the customer's actual willingness to pay for environmental protection. This paper first briefly reviews methods for assessing customer preferences, then presents a decision model for use by design engineers in which customer preferences can be reflected in weighting factors assigned by the design engineer.","PeriodicalId":360946,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 1999 IEEE International Symposium on Electronics and the Environment (Cat. No.99CH36357)","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126575477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Recycling infrastructure for engineering thermoplastics: a supply chain analysis","authors":"P. Dillon","doi":"10.1109/ISEE.1999.765875","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEE.1999.765875","url":null,"abstract":"Several years ago, the electronics supply chain was making substantive progress in establishing programs and partnerships to demonstrate the recovery, identification and sorting of plastic from electronic equipment; and making inroads in the design community to gain acceptance of recycled-content resins in new products. Many of these entrepreneurial efforts hit major roadblocks due to the lack of consistent, quality supply and insufficient demand. Technology is no longer the major challenge. Recyclers and equipment manufacturers have demonstrated recovery processes that achieve high quality recyclate that can even meet the demanding specifications for cosmetic parts in electronic applications. Industry now faces the economic, institutional and political realities of making plastics recycling work.","PeriodicalId":360946,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 1999 IEEE International Symposium on Electronics and the Environment (Cat. No.99CH36357)","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126888000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Research plan. CRT recycling","authors":"G. Voorhees","doi":"10.1109/ISEE.1999.765893","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEE.1999.765893","url":null,"abstract":"Envirocycle, Inc. is one of the US's largest recycler of electronic components and leading processor and recycler of monitors and CRTs. Their proprietary process employing a unique sawing technology to separate the different types of cullet found in color CRTs enable them to process CRTs in a cost effective and environmentally safe manner. The research plan and research activities in CRT recycling are discussed, as is the high-end use product for CRT cullet.","PeriodicalId":360946,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 1999 IEEE International Symposium on Electronics and the Environment (Cat. No.99CH36357)","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133727837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Supply chain environmental assessment of the telecommunications sectors","authors":"A. Horvath","doi":"10.1109/ISEE.1999.765866","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEE.1999.765866","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an assessment of the environmental effects of three sectors of the US telecommunications industry: telephone and telegraph communications and services, cable and other pay TV services, and radio and TV broadcasting. Nonrenewable and renewable resource inputs, as well as environmental outputs through an analysis of the telecommunications industry's supply chain are quantified. While these sectors generate comparably little pollution at the point of generation, through their extensive supplier chain purchases of manufactured goods and services from other sectors of the economy, telecommunications services are responsible for substantial environmental effects.","PeriodicalId":360946,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 1999 IEEE International Symposium on Electronics and the Environment (Cat. No.99CH36357)","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134390009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}