How Nations LearnPub Date : 2019-06-13DOI: 10.1093/OSO/9780198841760.003.0013
Arkebe Oqubay, Taffere Tesfachew
{"title":"Learning to Catch up in Africa","authors":"Arkebe Oqubay, Taffere Tesfachew","doi":"10.1093/OSO/9780198841760.003.0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OSO/9780198841760.003.0013","url":null,"abstract":"African countries are ‘late-latecomers’ to industrialization and have weak manufacturing sectors, poor export performance, low technological capability, and weak domestic linkages, unlike many successful South East Asian ‘late-comer’ countries, where export-led industrialization has been a driving force of technological learning, structural transformation, and catch-up. This chapter reviews two divergent cases of successful learning and catch-up in Ethiopia, the floriculture and cement industries, representing an export sector and a strategic basic industry, to demonstrate policy learning through sectoral-level industrial policies. Both successes and failures provide lessons on the dynamics of technological and policy learning, and show the complexity of learning and catch-up in Africa. Furthermore, Ethiopia’s recent university reforms, the largest in Africa, and the strategic and dynamic learning approach to the development of industrial hubs, are reviewed, together with implications for the progress, challenges, and complexities of national skill formation and the development of domestic absorptive capacity. This chapter argues that successful catch-up by African countries is linked to the intensity, pace, and direction of learning, and that policy learning by an active state is an essential element in industrial policy serving as a vehicle for catch-up.","PeriodicalId":360452,"journal":{"name":"How Nations Learn","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130413411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
How Nations LearnPub Date : 2019-06-13DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198841760.003.0002
R. Wade
{"title":"Catch-up and Constraints in the Twentieth and Twenty-first Centuries","authors":"R. Wade","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198841760.003.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198841760.003.0002","url":null,"abstract":"Modern business technology appears to have become far more widely available than in the post-war decades; producers in many developing countries have entered into global or regional value chains as subordinate producers; and developing countries as a bloc have become far more integrated into the world economy than before. ‘Globalization’ theory, derived from neoclassical economics, presumes—with some qualifications—that these trends will yield a more equal world. Yet ‘catch-up’, in the sense of developing countries coming close to or entering the ranks of developed countries, is notable more for its absence in the seven decades since the Second World War than for its presence as a pattern in the world economy. This chapter tackles the question of why.","PeriodicalId":360452,"journal":{"name":"How Nations Learn","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132280790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
How Nations LearnPub Date : 2019-06-13DOI: 10.1093/OSO/9780198841760.003.0006
W. Chu
{"title":"Catch-up and Learning in Taiwan","authors":"W. Chu","doi":"10.1093/OSO/9780198841760.003.0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OSO/9780198841760.003.0006","url":null,"abstract":"Taiwan’s post-war economic growth record has been phenomenal. This chapter examines how Taiwan managed to develop rapidly and catch up with the West. It shows that the state has played an important role and practised successful industrial policies. Industrial learning started with the import-substitution policy of the 1950s, then moved to export promotion in the 1960s and 1970s, and to entry into the high-tech sector from the 1980s. At every turn successful industrial upgrading was achieved due to suitable and adaptive industrial policies, in response to the changing environment.","PeriodicalId":360452,"journal":{"name":"How Nations Learn","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114701711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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