Beyond DutyPub Date : 2021-10-26DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780192845481.003.0007
Thomas E. Hill, Jr.
{"title":"In Defense of Human Dignity","authors":"Thomas E. Hill, Jr.","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780192845481.003.0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192845481.003.0007","url":null,"abstract":"Michael Rosen raises apparent problems for Kant’s idea of human dignity. This essay comments briefly on the following: (1) The alleged neglect of dignity among contemporary philosophers. (2) The indeterminacy of the idea of dignity and consequently its liability to abuse. (3) The apparently disconnected strands of thought commonly associated with dignity. (4) The alleged inadequacy of Kant’s conception of human dignity for practical applications (e.g., vagueness and absolutism). The most important objection, however, concerns Kant’s basis for affirming the dignity of every human person. That is, (5) Kant’s alleged attempt to ground human dignity on the premise that there is in each person an awesome ‘transcendental kernel’ of a noumenal we-know-not-what. In response, this chapter cites contemporary philosophers who write on dignity, argues that Kant’s ethics may help to resolve the indeterminacy and unify the apparently disconnected strands, and challenges Rosen’s interpretation of Kant’s defense of human dignity.","PeriodicalId":360352,"journal":{"name":"Beyond Duty","volume":"5 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131750959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Beyond DutyPub Date : 2021-10-26DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780192845481.003.0009
Thomas E. Hill, Jr.
{"title":"Kantian Ethics and Utopian Thinking","authors":"Thomas E. Hill, Jr.","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780192845481.003.0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192845481.003.0009","url":null,"abstract":"Is Kantian ethics guilty of utopian thinking? Good and bad uses of utopian ideals are distinguished, an apparent path is traced from Rousseau’s unworkable political ideal to Kant’s ethical ideal, and three versions of Kant’s Categorical Imperative (and counterparts in common moral discourse) are examined briefly with special attention on the kingdom of ends formulation. Following summary of previous development of this central idea, several objections suggesting that this idea encourages bad utopian thinking are briefly addressed: that we cannot count on everyone to follow ideal rules, that even conscientious people disagree in their moral judgments, and that theories that allow exceptions to familiar moral rules create a “slippery slope” to consequentialism.","PeriodicalId":360352,"journal":{"name":"Beyond Duty","volume":"2 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113932767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Beyond DutyPub Date : 2021-10-26DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780192845481.003.0008
Thomas E. Hill, Jr.
{"title":"The Kingdom of Ends as an Ideal and a Constraint on Moral Legislation","authors":"Thomas E. Hill, Jr.","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780192845481.003.0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192845481.003.0008","url":null,"abstract":"In this broadly Kantian account of deliberation about moral principles, human dignity is not a metaphysical ground for the norms that we associate with it. Rather it is a comprehensive status defined by the basic moral principles and values, such as the requirements of justifiability to all and treating humanity as an end in itself. The essay comments on the sense in which dignity is an elevated though inclusive status, in contrast to a conventional status, and an inner worth, in contrast to a derivative value. Human dignity has an important role in practical deliberations, but its specific requirements must be determined and justified by the theory in which it is embedded. Many have discussed the constraints and limits required to respect the dignity of every human person, but this essay emphasizes that this also calls for certain positive attitudes and ideals beyond these negative duties.","PeriodicalId":360352,"journal":{"name":"Beyond Duty","volume":"64 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126327568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Beyond DutyPub Date : 2021-10-26DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780192845481.003.0006
Thomas E. Hill, Jr.
{"title":"Kantian Perspectives on the Rational Basis of Human Dignity","authors":"Thomas E. Hill, Jr.","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780192845481.003.0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192845481.003.0006","url":null,"abstract":"Kant made the dignity of humanity central in his moral philosophy. This essay sketches a broadly Kantian understanding of his position, noting occasionally alternative interpretations. The main questions are these: (1) What is human dignity? (2) By virtue of what do human beings have dignity? (3) Why believe in human dignity? (4) What are the practical implications? The Kantian view is that human dignity is an innate worth or status that we did not earn and cannot forfeit, which we have by virtue of our rational autonomy. A Kantian argument for this belief turns on how we must understand ourselves from practical standpoint. We must strive to make our individual choices worthy of this moral standing, which elevates us above animals and mere things, by never treating persons as mere means and by honouring and promoting humanity positively.","PeriodicalId":360352,"journal":{"name":"Beyond Duty","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130569852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Beyond DutyPub Date : 2021-10-26DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780192845481.003.0004
Thomas E. Hill, Jr.
{"title":"Kantian Autonomy and Contemporary Ideas of Autonomy","authors":"Thomas E. Hill, Jr.","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780192845481.003.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192845481.003.0004","url":null,"abstract":"Kant argued that autonomy of the will is a necessary presupposition of all morality. His idea of autonomy is abstract, foundational, normative, and a key to his defense of the rationality of moral commitment. In contemporary ethics philosophers often appeal to autonomy, more specifically, as a moral right to make one’s own decisions or as a psychological ideal of independence and rational self-control. Kantian and contemporary ideas of autonomy are not the same, but how are they related? Arguably, Kantian autonomy, when applied realistically to common human circumstances, tends to not only support but also limit the particular claims made in the name of autonomy. Kantian autonomy is a crucial part of the moral point of view from which specific principles can be assessed, not an ideal of living independently of others. Derivative principles must take into account ways in which various physical and social conditions inhibit the capacity for self-determination.","PeriodicalId":360352,"journal":{"name":"Beyond Duty","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130585472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Beyond DutyPub Date : 2021-10-26DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780192845481.003.0001
Thomas E. Hill, Jr.
{"title":"Aims, Abstracts, and Why ‘Beyond Duty’?","authors":"Thomas E. Hill, Jr.","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780192845481.003.0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192845481.003.0001","url":null,"abstract":"Since the publication of my last book, Virtue, Rules, and Justice: Kantian Aspirations (OUP, 2012), I have continued to write essays and reviews on fundamental issues in Kantian moral theory as well as practical ethics, but in this recent work I focus on different problems and develop new themes in these areas. For example, I explain some fundamental Kantian concepts, such as autonomy and dignity, and also address potentially influential objections from Rüdiger Bittner and Michael Rosen. Clarifying and revising earlier work, I articulate an understanding of ...","PeriodicalId":360352,"journal":{"name":"Beyond Duty","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126607214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Beyond DutyPub Date : 2021-10-26DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780192845481.003.0012
Thomas E. Hill, Jr.
{"title":"Duties and Choices in Philanthropic Giving","authors":"Thomas E. Hill, Jr.","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780192845481.003.0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192845481.003.0012","url":null,"abstract":"Kant held that everyone has a general duty to promote the happiness of others as well as a more stringent duty to help those in distress when one easily can. These are duties of “practical love”: duties to act, not to feel. The general duty does not specify whose happiness to promote or the means and extent of obligatory helping. Several objections from contemporary philosophers are addressed: (1) that Kant’s principle of beneficence as Hill presents it is too “anemic” (David Cummiskey) (2) that Kant requires us to devalue our own happiness (Michael Slote), and (3) that Kant fails to acknowledge that some acts are morally good to do but not required (J. O. Urmson). Then this essay discusses briefly how other moral considerations may affect the application of Kant’s principles to particular cases of philanthropic giving: justice, respect, the kind of help needed, and the motives of the giver.","PeriodicalId":360352,"journal":{"name":"Beyond Duty","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126499149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Beyond DutyPub Date : 2021-10-26DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780192845481.003.0014
Thomas E. Hill, Jr.
{"title":"Conscientious Conviction and Conscience","authors":"Thomas E. Hill, Jr.","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780192845481.003.0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192845481.003.0014","url":null,"abstract":"This essay concerns aspects of Kimberley Brownlee’s defense of civil disobedience for those who act on conscientious conviction and conscience. Discussion focuses on Brownlee’s treatment of these central concepts. For example, she offers four criteria for identifying a sincere conscientious moral judgment: consistency, universality, non-evasion, and communication and dialogue. This essay argues from examples that the criteria as explained fail to serve the purpose of identifying when normative convictions are conscientious and moral. Then it contrasts her conception of conscience with those of Joseph Butler and Immanuel Kant, considering their merits for her purposes.","PeriodicalId":360352,"journal":{"name":"Beyond Duty","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122533292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：