Political Economy: Government Expenditures & Related Policies eJournal最新文献_第10页

Money for Something: Braided Funding and the Structure and Output of Research Groups 为某件事花钱:编结基金与研究小组的结构和产出

Political Economy: Government Expenditures & Related Policies eJournal Pub Date : 2019-11-18 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3488189

Russell J. Funk, Britta Glennon, J. Lane, Raviv Murciano-Goroff, Matt Ross

{"title":"Money for Something: Braided Funding and the Structure and Output of Research Groups","authors":"Russell J. Funk, Britta Glennon, J. Lane, Raviv Murciano-Goroff, Matt Ross","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3488189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3488189","url":null,"abstract":"In 2017, the federal government invested over $40 billion on university research; another $16 billion came from private sector sources. The expectation is that these investments will bear varied fruits, including outputs like more economic growth, more scientific advances, the training and development of future scientists, and a more diverse pipeline of STEM researchers; an expectation that is supported by the work of recent Nobel Laureate in Economics, Paul Romer. Yet volatility in federal funding, highlighted by a 35 day federal shutdown in early 2019, has resulted in an increased interest on the part of scientists in finding other sources of funding. Understanding the effect of such different funding streams on research outputs is thus of more than academic importance, particularly because there are likely to be tradeoffs, both in terms of the structure of research and in terms of research outputs. For example, federal funding is often intended to affect the structure of research, with explicit goals of training the next generation of scientists and promoting diversity; those goals are less salient for non-federal funding. On the output side, federally funded research may be more likely to emphasize producing purely scientific outputs, like publications, rather than commercial outputs, like patents. The contribution of this paper is to use new data to examine how different sources of financial support – which we refer to as \"braided\" funding – affect both the structure of scientific research and the subsequent outputs.","PeriodicalId":360236,"journal":{"name":"Political Economy: Government Expenditures & Related Policies eJournal","volume":"122 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134278070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Effects of the Performance Based Financing (PBF) on Health Institutions Performance in Rwanda 基于绩效的融资(PBF)对卢旺达卫生机构绩效的影响

Political Economy: Government Expenditures & Related Policies eJournal Pub Date : 2019-11-15 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3487413

Jean Damascene Nkundabatware

{"title":"The Effects of the Performance Based Financing (PBF) on Health Institutions Performance in Rwanda","authors":"Jean Damascene Nkundabatware","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3487413","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3487413","url":null,"abstract":"Health Institutions in Rwanda are facing with various difficulties related to the responses they must reserve the needs of the population’s health. Infrastructures and equipment does not meet the needs of population, insufficiency of health staff and staffs no motivated and low motivation, the decrease of performance, etc. Hence the introduction of Contractual Approach (AC) or Performance Based Financing (PBF) policy was taken as a solution of the problem. The PBF was designed to improve health services performance. It seems that the performance goal is not yet effectively achieved because the complaints are still raising, rewashing and are felt in different health centers (HC) in Rwanda. Thus, the present study of the effects of the Performance Based Financing (PBF) on health institutions performance in Rwanda, case Rwamagana District Health Centers, period 2007-2010, seems valuable. The objectives of the study were to determine the level of staffs satisfaction and motivation by PBF; to identify the factors of motivation and measure the increasing performance increasing. The research adopted the descriptive design and the sample were 6 in 11 heath centers and a total 86 respondents in 172 staffs were selected randomly. The data were collected through questionnaires and analyzed with SPSS v21, descriptive statistics, correlation analysis and ANOVA Model were used. The study findings were revealed that the PBF is applied in Rwamagana District Health Centers, the PBF has the remarkable positive effects on Health Centers Performance, the staffs were good satisfied and motivated by PBF as the most factor of staffs motivation among others, the correlation between variables was the most significant and motivated (r = 0.771, P < 0.01).","PeriodicalId":360236,"journal":{"name":"Political Economy: Government Expenditures & Related Policies eJournal","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128143608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Digital Technologies, Public Procurement and Sustainability: Some Exploratory Thoughts 数字技术、公共采购与可持续性:一些探索性思考

Political Economy: Government Expenditures & Related Policies eJournal Pub Date : 2019-11-07 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3482341

A. Sanchez-Graells

引用次数: 2

Procurement Contract Design in Global Infrastructure Projects: The Impact of Loss Aversion 全球基础设施项目采购合同设计:损失规避的影响

Political Economy: Government Expenditures & Related Policies eJournal Pub Date : 2019-11-05 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3583286

Zhuo Feng, Qiaochu He, Yiwen Zhang

{"title":"Procurement Contract Design in Global Infrastructure Projects: The Impact of Loss Aversion","authors":"Zhuo Feng, Qiaochu He, Yiwen Zhang","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3583286","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3583286","url":null,"abstract":"A growing number of governments are persuading private firms to build and operate infrastructure projects for them. Since the initial contract between the government and firm is based on forecasted demand, the government can renegotiate to adjust it after demand is realized. We use stylized modelling to study whether the government should offer the firm a flexible contract that allows ex post renegotiation or a rigid contract when the private firm is loss-averse. Our model results show that the government’s decision depends on two key factors: demand uncertainty and the firm’s loss aversion. We further investigate whether the government should renegotiate the subsidy or concession period. We find that such a decision depends on the improvement in social welfare after the project transfer. To offer operational insights into the mitigation of the social welfare loss by promoting renegotiation, we discuss three strategies that the government can use: imposing a tax rate, running a competing domestic project, and offering a dollar-based subsidy. We describe the conditions under which these three strategies are conducive to renegotiation as well as their effects on the initial contract.","PeriodicalId":360236,"journal":{"name":"Political Economy: Government Expenditures & Related Policies eJournal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130610910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Time–Frequency Relationship between Us Inflation and Inflation Uncertainty: Evidence from Historical Data 美国通货膨胀与通货膨胀不确定性的时频关系:来自历史数据的证据

Political Economy: Government Expenditures & Related Policies eJournal Pub Date : 2019-11-01 DOI: 10.1111/sjpe.12207

C. Albulescu, A. Tiwari, S. Miller, Rangan Gupta

引用次数: 6

How Do Low-Income Enrollees in the Affordable Care Act Marketplaces Respond to Cost-Sharing? 《平价医疗法案》市场的低收入参保人如何应对费用分摊?

Political Economy: Government Expenditures & Related Policies eJournal Pub Date : 2019-11-01 DOI: 10.3386/W26430

Kurt Lavetti, T. DeLeire, Nicolas R. Ziebarth

引用次数: 4

Health Expenditure, Health Outcomes and Economic Growth in Nigeria 尼日利亚的卫生支出、卫生成果和经济增长

Political Economy: Government Expenditures & Related Policies eJournal Pub Date : 2019-11-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3479072

J. Ogunjimi

{"title":"Health Expenditure, Health Outcomes and Economic Growth in Nigeria","authors":"J. Ogunjimi","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3479072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3479072","url":null,"abstract":"This study examined the relationship among health expenditure, health outcomes and economic growth in Nigeria for the period between 1981 and 2017. This study adopted the Toda-Yamamoto causality framework to examine these relationships. The Augmented Dickey Fuller unit root test was used to check for maximum order of integration of the variables used in the study and the result was one while the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) Bounds test approach to cointegration was used to investigate if a long-run relationship exists among the macroeconomic variables used in the study and the result was in the affirmative. The results of the Toda-Yamamoto causality tests showed a unidirectional causality running from health expenditure to infant mortality while there is no causality between real GDP and infant mortality; a unidirectional causal relationship running from health expenditure and real GDP to life expectancy and maternal mortality; and a unidirectional causal relationship running from real GDP to health expenditure. This study therefore recommended that the Nigerian government should make concerted efforts geared towards increasing the health expenditure at least to meet up with the WHO’s recommendation that all countries should allocate at least 13 per cent of their annual budget to the health sector for effective funding as this would bring desired health outcomes and employ the use of modern technology and the services of professional health personnel should be sought to combat the high incidence of maternal and infant mortality in the health sector in Nigeria.","PeriodicalId":360236,"journal":{"name":"Political Economy: Government Expenditures & Related Policies eJournal","volume":"44 3-4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120908870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 12

The Efficiency of Public Spending in Basic Education in School Districts in Ecuador 厄瓜多尔学区基础教育公共支出效率研究

Political Economy: Government Expenditures & Related Policies eJournal Pub Date : 2019-10-31 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3478817

Diego F. Angel-Urdinola, Juan Bedoya, Victor Javier Prado

引用次数: 1

Knocking NATO: Strategic and Institutional Challenges Risk the Future of Europe’s Seven-Decade Long Cold Peace 打击北约:战略和体制挑战危及欧洲七十年冷和平的未来

Political Economy: Government Expenditures & Related Policies eJournal Pub Date : 2019-10-30 DOI: 10.11575/SPPP.V12I0.68129

Anessa L. Kimball

{"title":"Knocking NATO: Strategic and Institutional Challenges Risk the Future of Europe’s Seven-Decade Long Cold Peace","authors":"Anessa L. Kimball","doi":"10.11575/SPPP.V12I0.68129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11575/SPPP.V12I0.68129","url":null,"abstract":"Despite providing European stability through collective defence and crisis management in an exclusive club, NATO faces persistent challenges from strategic insecurities complicated by recent institutional uncertainties. The club’s structure permits several goods-producing schemes, depending on how individual contributions combine, the qualities associated with a good’s publicness (i.e., its possible substitutes or how it excludes benefits from non-members) and partner differences in capacity and willingness. NATO faces challenges from Russia ranging from cybersecurity and media manipulation to overt and covert military pressures. Recent deployments sink costs and tie hands, reassuring commitment credibility, and are essential given the uncertainty generated from U.S. President Donald Trump’s ambiguous commitment to Article 5, compounded with the effects of Brexit on alliance politics and burden-sharing. Given the conjunction of strategic insecurities and institutional uncertainties, it is convenient to knock NATO, but rational institutionalist theory (RIT) is optimistic. RIT argues that the club’s design permits strategic adaptation to new contexts and insecurities, but partners must signal commitment credibly to prevent uncertainties about cohesion. RIT favoured enlargement to shift burdens, and data confirm that the Americans, British and Germans shifted burdens to others, including Canada. Moreover, any alternative to NATO is costly for less-endowed partners facing direct defence pressures. Canada’s role as a broker of compromise and its willingness to make its commitments credible places it in future missions, regardless. Canadian leadership in reassuring and socializing new partners in Operation Reassurance offers an opportunity to retain its objective and subjective position as a key partner.","PeriodicalId":360236,"journal":{"name":"Political Economy: Government Expenditures & Related Policies eJournal","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130754648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

The Efficacy of Health and Healthcare M-Health Techniques: Protocol for Systemic Review 健康和医疗保健的疗效-移动健康技术:系统评价方案

Political Economy: Government Expenditures & Related Policies eJournal Pub Date : 2019-10-30 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3478749

Masood Khan, A. Ahmad

引用次数: 0