Ethical Thought最新文献_第3页

Ethics and Metaphysics of Moral Responsibility 道德责任的伦理学与形而上学

Ethical Thought Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.21146/2074-4870-2021-21-2-5-17

E. Loginov, M. V. Gavrilov, Andrew V. Mertsalov, Artem T. Iunusov

引用次数: 1

Sermons on Reverence for Life (February 1919) 尊重生命的布道(1919年2月)

Ethical Thought Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.21146/2074-4870-2022-22-1-89-99

A. Schweitzer

引用次数: 0

On the Applicability of the “European Qualification Framework” to I. Kant’s ‘Kingdom of Ends’: Mental Experiment 论“欧洲限定框架”对康德“目的王国”的适用性:心理实验

Ethical Thought Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.21146/2074-4870-2019-19-2-98-111

Alexey I. Trotsak

{"title":"On the Applicability of the “European Qualification Framework” to I. Kant’s ‘Kingdom of Ends’: Mental Experiment","authors":"Alexey I. Trotsak","doi":"10.21146/2074-4870-2019-19-2-98-111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21146/2074-4870-2019-19-2-98-111","url":null,"abstract":"Кант в ряде своих работ касается вопроса о статусе сообщества разумных существ, которое он именует «царством целей». Однако эта идеальная конструкция («царство целей») может иметь практическое значение как регулятор морального поведения. В сфере нравственности особое значение приобретает отношение цели и средства между субъектами, которое зависит от воспитания и образования, что в практической деятельности выражается через понятие «квалификация». Какими уровнями квалификаций могут (должны) обладать эти субъекты, чтобы поступать морально? Для ответа на указанный вопрос автор берет за основу существующую систему квалификаций Европейского Союза и в качестве гипотезы проводит сравнение основных принципов построения политики в образовании и трудовой сфере Европейского союза, выраженной в «Европейской рамке квалификаций», с элементами системы этики И. Канта. Мысленный эксперимент сравнения действующего механизма («Европейская рамка квалификаций») с понятием «царство целей» Канта позволяет выявить, насколько предъявляемые к субъекту требования могут быть соотнесены с абсолютной этикой Канта, в которой субъект является высшей ценностью и целью. В результате в статье делается вывод о том, что для поддержания систематических и непротиворечивых моральных взаимоотношений между субъектами, требуется обладать определенным уровнем квалификации, а необходимым условием ее приобретения является образование.","PeriodicalId":360102,"journal":{"name":"Ethical Thought","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127352047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

“Hume’s Guillotine” as a Pseudo Problem “休谟的断头台”是一个伪问题

Ethical Thought Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.21146/2074-4870-2021-21-2-62-76

A. Gaginsky

引用次数: 0

Moral Sanctions in the Ethics of O.G. Drobnitskii 《德罗勃尼茨基伦理学》中的道德制裁

Ethical Thought Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.21146/2074-4870-2022-22-1-5-18

A. Prokofyev

{"title":"Moral Sanctions in the Ethics of O.G. Drobnitskii","authors":"A. Prokofyev","doi":"10.21146/2074-4870-2022-22-1-5-18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21146/2074-4870-2022-22-1-5-18","url":null,"abstract":"The paper reconstructs O.G. Drobnitskii’s view on moral sanctions and fits it into the history of studying this phenomenon in ethics, sociology and anthropology. The description of moral sanction proposed by O.G. Drobnitskii generally coincides with the tradition of its understanding that links it with public condemnation of a transgressor. In his first analysis of the problem, in The Short Dictionary of Ethics, he defines moral sanction as a spiritual impact on a transgressor that does not affect her real position and material interest. Here moral sanction consists in censure. In his monograph The Concept of Morality: Historical-Critical Essay, he further develops this idea and proposes the conception of the be-polar character of moral sanction: the first pole is external (the public condemnation itself), and the second pole is internal (the acceptance of the condemnation by a transgressor and her feelings of shame, repentance, and remorse). This is what makes morality different from custom which rests upon the sheer ‘emotional-volitional pressure’. So the ‘ideal character’ of moral sanction reveals itself not only in the absence of physical coercion but in the proper ‘subjective attitude [of a transgressor] to herself’. The second tradition of understanding of moral sanctions includes among them the very self-condemnation of a transgressor and her negative emotions of self-appraisal. Drobnitskii got closer to this tradition in a few fragments of his dissertational thesis.","PeriodicalId":360102,"journal":{"name":"Ethical Thought","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122222173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

On the Specifics of the Justification of Morality in Russian Philosophical Tradition 论俄罗斯哲学传统中道德正当化的具体内容

Ethical Thought Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.21146/2074-4870-2022-22-1-19-36

M. L. Gel’fond

{"title":"On the Specifics of the Justification of Morality in Russian Philosophical Tradition","authors":"M. L. Gel’fond","doi":"10.21146/2074-4870-2022-22-1-19-36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21146/2074-4870-2022-22-1-19-36","url":null,"abstract":"Some historians of Russian philosophical thought, relying on the fact that it focuses on moral issues, argue that the problem of justification of morality is as significant, as independent and as thoroughly developed in the Russian philosophical tradition as in Western ethics. Meanwhile, an analysis of the main trends and most famous doctrines of Russian religious ethics of the turn of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries shows that justification of morality is present in them only implicitly, not as a solution of a separate theoretical problem. In this regard, the relevance of the analysis of Russian ethical-philosophical thought is to identify and reveal the reasons for this situation, as well as to assess the advantages and disadvantages of the option of defending the moral good, which does not separate the problem of justification of morality from the philosophical search for the foundations of life. The purpose of the article also includes checking the hypothesis that the synthetic discursive strategy used by the leading representatives of the Russian philosophical tradition, relying simultaneously on rational and irrational (super-rational) grounds, provides a more complete moral development of a person than attempts to initiate his transformation on a purely religious basis or to use only rational arguments to prove to the moral skeptic the necessity of transformation into a moral person. Of greatest research interest in this context is Leo Tolstoy’s concept of “reasonable faith”.","PeriodicalId":360102,"journal":{"name":"Ethical Thought","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122222516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Department of Ethics of Moscow State University: The Results of Half a Century of Work 莫斯科国立大学伦理系:半个世纪工作的成果

Ethical Thought Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.21146/2074-4870-2021-21-2-156-171

A. A. Skvortsov

{"title":"The Department of Ethics of Moscow State University: The Results of Half a Century of Work","authors":"A. A. Skvortsov","doi":"10.21146/2074-4870-2021-21-2-156-171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21146/2074-4870-2021-21-2-156-171","url":null,"abstract":"The article deals with the history of the emergence and subsequent development of the Department of Ethics at Lomonosov Moscow State University. The Department was founded in December 1969 and is currently one of three independent departments of ethics in Russia. Many well-known philosophers-ethicists of the country worked in it. The Department has developed its own academic school and traditions in ethical education; its graduates include many successful scientists, educators and practitioners working in different socially relevant areas. Thanks to their efforts, the Department plays a prominent role in the Russian philosophical community and in public life. The author shows how the Department has changed in the early 1990s and at the turn of the millennium, and how it has responded to the various challenges posed by the long reform of education and science. Particular attention is paid to the scholarly perceptions of morality and ethics, and the research interests and theoretical views of the department’s staff. It looks at the department’s educational programme, teaching and methodological work, approaches to teaching and student life, which has always been very interesting. In recent years, the department has revised its approaches to teaching in many ways, making it more polemical and filled with the most controversial topics. Today, the Department is actively involved in various research and educational projects, advises civil society organisations and professional communities on ethical regulation practices, and is active in the media.","PeriodicalId":360102,"journal":{"name":"Ethical Thought","volume":"22 Suppl 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115521328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Guide to Rational Living (Part I) 理性生活指南(第一部分)

Ethical Thought Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.21146/2074-4870-2022-22-2-147-163

Christian August Crusius

引用次数: 0

Genetic Modification of Human Embryos: Limits 人类胚胎的基因改造:限制

Ethical Thought Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.21146/2074-4870-2022-22-1-124-134

O. Savvina

{"title":"Genetic Modification of Human Embryos: Limits","authors":"O. Savvina","doi":"10.21146/2074-4870-2022-22-1-124-134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21146/2074-4870-2022-22-1-124-134","url":null,"abstract":"The article analyses the moral justification of human germline editing and the tendency to its legalization. The study is based on documents of international organizations, such as the World Health Organization (WHO), national bioethics committees and others that regulate the usage of technologies for human germline editing or issue related recommendations. The paper analyzes the impact of the introduction of new technologies on human germline editing recommendations. It is concluded that that the development of biotechnologies contributes to liberal attitude towards human germline editing, slowly canceling the technologies’ usage ban firstly for therapeutic purposes, and then for the human enhancement purposes. The article suggests that the development of biotechnologies makes it difficult to apply the old bioethics principles; and exacerbates the discussion about the boundaries of the new biotechnologies’ application. Despite the shock and condemnation of the first experiments that violate ban (as in the cases with CRISPR/Cas9 in 2015 and 2018 in China), the scientific community, international organizations and governments return to the issue concerning gene editing technologies limitation. The inability to be guided by the old bioethics principles forces to look for new ethical grounds for gene editing. Now old principles and values are applied with utilitarian approach in ethics, that cancel ban and raises the issue of human germline editing limitation. The article also describes the limits of permissible interventions in the issue of human germline editing at the end of 2021.","PeriodicalId":360102,"journal":{"name":"Ethical Thought","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128088639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Prolegomenon to the Philosophical Definition of an Act 行为的哲学定义导论

Ethical Thought Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.21146/2074-4870-2022-22-2-5-20

O. Zubets

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引用次数: 0