African Journal of Empirical Research最新文献

{"title":"The Effectiveness of Peace Building Strategies Used in the Management of Electoral Conflict in Trans-Nzoia County, Kenya","authors":"Zebedee Ekwenye Otte, C. Iteyo","doi":"10.51867/ajernet.4.2.130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51867/ajernet.4.2.130","url":null,"abstract":"In recent times, Kenya has had a series of crises after elections, highlighting the imperative of ongoing endeavors to cultivate enduring peace. Understanding the factors that contribute to electoral conflicts is of utmost importance in formulating efficacious strategies for promoting peace. The primary objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of peace-building measures in the management of election tensions in Trans-Nzoia County, Kenya. The study used an evaluation research methodology. After combining basic random and selective sampling methods, a total of 203 respondents and 36 key informants were selected for the study. The data was gathered by means of interview guides and questionnaires. Tables, charts, and figures were used to display the results of the descriptive statistical analysis of the quantitative data collected from the questionnaires. Thematic analysis was used to arrange and analyze the results of the interviews. The findings highlight the efficacy of various peace-building strategies in lowering tensions and avoiding violence before, during, and after elections. These strategies include training, mediation, dialogue, grassroots advocacy, sensitization programs, and attitude-transformation initiatives. Furthermore, the study noted that targeting youth, developing confidence in the electoral management body, an early warning system, and collaboration between security forces and political parties is essential for a peaceful election. The study recommends that it would be beneficial for the Government of Kenya to develop a comprehensive framework that can effectively and methodically lead peace-building operations in the region.","PeriodicalId":360060,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Empirical Research","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139234186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Relationship between Social Factors and Criminal Behavior Among Youth Offenders in Kakamega GK Prison in Kakamega County, Kenya","authors":"Zebedee Ekwenye Otte, R. Simiyu","doi":"10.51867/ajernet.4.2.129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51867/ajernet.4.2.129","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to examine the impact of socioeconomic factors on teenage criminal conduct. A descriptive and evaluative research design was used in the study. We used both probability and non-probability sampling approaches. Non-probability sampling included deliberate and convenient sampling, whereas probability sampling included proportionate stratified random sampling. Both probabilistic and non-probabilistic sampling strategies were used to pick the sample for the investigation. Purposive sampling was utilized to identify 200 adolescent offenders undertaking rehabilitation at Kakamega GK Prison, where previous offenders' records were already on file. The quantitative research method used a survey questionnaire, whereas the qualitative method used semi-structured interviews with a subsample of survey respondents. The survey and interview data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and thematic analysis, respectively. The findings found that juveniles from low-income homes with no education and no employment were more likely to engage in criminal activity than those from higher-income families with education and employment. In addition, the study found that juvenile criminal behavior was associated with peer pressure, substance misuse, and inadequate parenting. According to the qualitative analysis, teenagers who were subjected to bad parenting, such as neglect and abuse, were more likely to engage in criminal activity than those who had supportive and caring parents. According to the study, addressing the socioeconomic variables that contribute to criminal conduct among juveniles is critical to reducing the frequency of young crime. Policies aiming at lowering poverty, boosting educational possibilities, and providing job prospects for youths are critical to reducing juvenile criminal behavior. Furthermore, enhancing parenting skills and offering support to low-income families can help reduce young criminal behavior. According to the study, governments, community leaders, and parents must collaborate to offer the necessary assistance and resources to ensure that adolescents in low-income communities do not fall behind.","PeriodicalId":360060,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Empirical Research","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139234416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interpersonal Communication Barriers to Uptake of Cervical Cancer Screening in Uasin Gishu County, Kenya","authors":"Judy B. Chepngeno, Michael Kiptoo","doi":"10.51867/ajernet.4.2.127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51867/ajernet.4.2.127","url":null,"abstract":"Cervical cancer is still a major health risk for women even though it is preventable. Its prevalence indicates lack of success with screening and early diagnosis. Considering most women who visit hospitals have advanced stages of the disease, deaths from this type of cancer will rise if immediate action is not taken. This study sought to determine the obstacles to interpersonal communication as a means for encouraging adoption of cervical cancer testing in Uasin Gishu County, Kenya. The study was conducted at the maternal child-health services and family planning clinic at the Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital. This cross-sectional study at MTRH's MCH-FP clinic investigated barriers to communication on cervical cancer and screening. Targeting women aged 18-65, the sample of 308 was drawn from the monthly population of 1,000. Six key informants and 20 focus group participants were chosen through purposive sampling. Systematic random sampling, selecting every 3rd respondent, was employed. The mixed methods approach provided comprehensive insights into communication challenges regarding cervical cancer and screening services. A questionnaire for women, two focused group discussions with ten women each, and a schedule of key informant interviews were used to gather data. The qualitative data was analysed thematically using NVivo version 12 software. For quantitative data, descriptive statistical analysis using SPSS version 29 was undertaken. The findings showed there was a significant inverse link between interpersonal communication barriers and cervical cancer testing uptake (r=-0.561, p=<0.001). This implied that with significantly more perceived or experienced communication barriers reported, there was significantly less uptake of cervical cancer screening uptake. The interpersonal communication barriers identified in the study included low levels of knowledge about cervical cancer, limited understanding of screening benefits, fear and stigma of being found with cervical cancer and fear of the screening procedure, language barriers, myths and misconceptions about cervical cancer, poor relationship between the health care workers and clients stemming from age and gender and the women’s religious beliefs. In order to enhance cervical cancer screening, better and more targeted information should be provided to address the barriers and specifically the low levels of knowledge that was recognized as a leading barrier in the study. A lack of adequate knowledge about the disease or the benefits of screening prevents women from participating in screening.","PeriodicalId":360060,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Empirical Research","volume":"81 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139240891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Types of Urban Vulnerabilities Affecting Households in Informal Settlements of Kisumu County","authors":"Winfred Mumbe Mwangangi, R. Simiyu, N. Naburi","doi":"10.51867/ajernet.4.2.125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51867/ajernet.4.2.125","url":null,"abstract":"Households residing in informal settlements are often hampered by urban-induced vulnerabilities. Despite more than fifty per cent of urban residents in Kisumu County residing in informal settlements, it is unclear to what extent urban-induced vulnerabilities affect their livelihoods. To address this problem, the study examined the types of urban vulnerabilities in Kisumu County Informal Settlements. The data was collected from a sample of 396 households using structured questionnaires, key informant interviews and document reviews. Quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and Chi-square,  while the qualitative data was subjected to verbatim and thematic analysis.  The data revealed that there were various types of urban-induced vulnerabilities which affected access to education including social economic and environmental vulnerabilities. The study recommended that adequate resources should be allocated to reduce environmental vulnerabilities in schools; measures to increase households’ adaptive capacities to urban-induced vulnerabilities among the residents in the informal settlements in Kisumu County should be prioritized.","PeriodicalId":360060,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Empirical Research","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139245719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Utilization of Interpersonal Communication Channels in the Uptake of Cervical Cancer Screening at Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital, Kenya","authors":"Judy B. Chepngeno, Lydia Anyonje","doi":"10.51867/ajernet.4.2.126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51867/ajernet.4.2.126","url":null,"abstract":"Worldwide, cervical cancer is still a major health concern. The problem is worse in developing nations because there is a lack of access to trustworthy cancer information, which discourages people from getting screened. The usefulness of interpersonal communication channels in spreading awareness about cervical cancer screening was investigated in this inquiry. The study was carried out at the Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital (MTRH) in Uasin Gishu County, Kenya, within the Maternal Child Health and Family Planning (MCH/FP) facility. The Diffusion of Innovations Theory provided direction for the research. The study was conducted at Maternal Child Health and Family Planning (MCH/FP) clinic at the Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital (MTRH) in Uasin Gishu County, Kenya. The study was guided by the Diffusion of Innovations Theory. This study employed a descriptive cross-sectional design and a mixed methods approach to investigate cervical cancer information sources. Targeting women aged 18-65 receiving family planning services at MTRH, the sample of 308 was derived from the monthly population of 1,000. Six key informants were purposively chosen for qualitative data, and 20 participants for focus groups using systematic random sampling. Quantitative data was collected using semi-structured questionnaires while qualitative data was collected using two focused group discussions and six key informant interviews. Statistical Package for Social Sciences, version 29, was used to analyse the quantitative data, and NVivo, version 12 software was used to analyse the qualitative data using thematic content analysis. Regression modelling and the estimation of Pearson's correlation coefficient were used to perform inferential statistics. The tabulated findings suggest that there was strong positive link between information sources adopted and cervical cancer testing uptake (r=0.876, p = <.004). This observation indicates that the choice of interpersonal communication medium used played a crucial role in influencing the acceptance and adoption of cervical cancer screening. The major channels of interpersonal communication utilized were friends, health care workers and the media. Out of these, the most effective channels were health care workers. As such, healthcare workers, especially doctors and nurses, can increase women's screening adherence to lessen the societal burden of cervical cancer. It is thus recommended that combining mass media and interpersonal communication channels will probably increase women's understanding of cervical cancer thus enabling them to make informed decisions about their health. It is also important to sensitize families, communities and health care workers on their role in promoting screening uptake. Specific training programmes should be put in place to sensitize the public and health care professionals and increase their capacity to promote uptake of cervical cancer screening among women of vulnerable ages.","PeriodicalId":360060,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Empirical Research","volume":"87 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139243892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of Learning Materials on Learners’ Readiness for Primary Education in Kenya","authors":"Herbert Amunavi Obeywa, Teresa A. Okoth-Oluoch, R. Opiyo, A. M. Simiyu","doi":"10.51867/ajernet.4.2.124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51867/ajernet.4.2.124","url":null,"abstract":"The early years of a child are of utmost importance in terms of development since they provide substantial prospects that influence subsequent achievements in academia. The field of early childhood education (ECE) has significant importance in equipping young children with the necessary skills and knowledge to succeed in primary academic settings, achieved via the implementation of well-designed curricula. Nevertheless, empirical research indicates that early childhood development and education (ECDE) learners frequently commence grade one without enough preparation, primarily as a result of challenges related to insufficient resources, concerns regarding educational quality, and a lack of relevance. Grounded in Gross' theory of curriculum implementation, this research examined how educational resources contribute to the implementation of the Early Childhood Development and Education (ECDE) curriculum in Kenya. The study utilized a descriptive survey approach and a mixed (embedded) research paradigm. The participant pool included a broad group, including 3 Civil Society Organizations (CSOs), 11 Section Heads, 14 ECDE centres-in-charge, and 150 ECDE instructors. The determination of the sample size, consisting of 178 individuals, was conducted utilizing Yamane's formula. This process involved the utilization of purposive, stratified, and simple random sampling procedures. The data collection methods employed in this study encompassed interviews, questionnaires, and focus group discussions (FGD). The qualitative data was subjected to content analysis and thereafter presented in a narrative format, while the quantitative data underwent examination using descriptive statistics. In the context of inferential statistics, parametric tests were employed. Logistic regression analysis determined the impact of educational resources and intervening factors on fundamental reading skills. The model, with a p-value of 5.865, significantly explained 59.9% of literacy skill variability, correctly classifying 68% of instances. Intervening variables increased the odds of learner readiness by 1.314. The obtained Sig values of.011 and.030 for intervening variables and educational resources, respectively, were below α =.05, leading to the rejection of the null hypothesis and indicating a significant effect on ECDE pupils' preparedness for primary schooling. Recommendations include government-led training for educators on resource utilization and increased support for universities to acquire high-quality textbooks, ensuring comprehensive instructional strategies for teacher trainees.","PeriodicalId":360060,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Empirical Research","volume":"261 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139242891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating Indigenous Abaluhya Worldview with Western Scientific Approaches in Communicating Climate Change Related to Conservation of Kakamega Forest","authors":"Lilian Magaret Were","doi":"10.51867/ajernet.4.2.123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51867/ajernet.4.2.123","url":null,"abstract":"Communicating climate change remains an integral aspect of the quest to manage the impacts of climate change. Communicating climate change largely takes the western scientific approach without much consideration of African traditional knowledge. Communicating climate change has not elicited the desired response from the community that lives adjacent to Kakamega Forest. Abaluhyia people have had ways of conserving their forests, which ensured their posterity. The study aimed to assess the potential for integrating the indigenous Abaluhya worldview with western scientific approaches to communicate climate change in relation to the conservation of Kakamega Forest. The study was qualitative and used a descriptive design. The study drew data from interviews, Focus Group Discussions and review of secondary sources. The study revealed that the attitude and response of the members of the community that lives adjacent to Kakamega Forest show that they are not heeding the communication on climate change related to the conservation of Kakamega Forest, as demonstrated by their continued destruction of the forest. The results of the study identified some challenges that hamper a positive response to communicating climate change. The study revealed that the indigenous Abaluhyia worldview’s communication media, which are consistent with their values, beliefs, and practices, have the potential to enhance communication about climate change related to the conservation of Kakamega Forest. Therefore, this study recommends the integration of indigenous Abaluhyia worldviews with western scientific approaches in communicating climate change data related to the conservation of Kakamega Forest.","PeriodicalId":360060,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Empirical Research","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139249318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the Prospects and Challenges of Online Learning in Kenyan Public Universities: A Case Study of Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology","authors":"Salmon Owidi, Eric Wangila, J. Shiundu, Mukasa Simiyu","doi":"10.51867/ajernet.4.2.122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51867/ajernet.4.2.122","url":null,"abstract":"The increase in the number of internet users, the demand for education, and the widespread use of electronic devices among scholars have created a potential in online learning as an alternative to traditional education. This can be linked proper planning, clear online learning policies and trained personnel to facilitate the online learning process. Recent studies point to the possibility of African public universities adopting online learning more aggressively in the future than ever before. This study therefore outlines the opinions of lecturers, students and the management of Masinde Mulari University of Science and Technology regarding the prospects and challenges of online pedagogical infrastructure and how it affects learning in public universities. The study used a descriptive survey. Data was collected from a sample size of 682 which included students, members of faculty, and technical staff. The sample was selected using a stratified sampling technique. Data was collected using questionnaires and interview schedules. Analysis was done using frequencies, means, standard deviations, and regression analysis. The findings showed that mobile learning is the solution to online learning problems given its accessibility and availability amongst most learners. It also shows that online learning provides customized learning experiences in which learning is student-centered. The results from ordered logistic regression, (Wald = 0.673,) showed that indeed challenges of use of online pedagogical infrastructure affects learning in public universities. This was confirmed by the analysis of interval data using simple linear regression in which the outcome for both faculty and students also were in line with the findings of logistic ordered regression,","PeriodicalId":360060,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Empirical Research","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139251126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the Socio-Economic Impact of the Chinese Transfer of Values, Skills, and Technology in Infrastructural Development in Kenya","authors":"Winnie Winfrade Awuor Oyugi, P. Okoth, E. Odhiambo","doi":"10.51867/ajernet.4.2.121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51867/ajernet.4.2.121","url":null,"abstract":"This study assessed the socio-economic impact of Chinese principle of transfer of values, skills and technology in infrastructural development in Kenya. This study was based on dependency, modernization and power theories which informed the conceptual framework of the research.  This study adopted descriptive research design. Data was collected by the use of Questionnaires, interview guides and focus group discussion and desk top review. Qualitative and quantitative techniques were used for data analysis and presentation. The data obtained was presented in bar graphs, tables and percentages. The study found that during Chinese infrastructural development in Kenya,  the informal sector benefited from China's skill transfer. The study concluded that Kenya-China bilateral relations has impacted positively on Kenya's international relation which is indicated by increased Foreign Direct Investments into Kenya by specifically Western states. The researcher recommends that Kenyan government should formulate a policy that will ensure that the technological skills impacted on Kenyan workers by the Chinese construction firms should be improved and included in the Kenyan schools’ curriculum.","PeriodicalId":360060,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Empirical Research","volume":"146 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139260646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social Impact of Dental Caries on Adult Patients in Bungoma County, Kenya","authors":"C. M. Sumba, D. Kokonya, B. Wesonga, Paul Kem","doi":"10.51867/ajernet.4.2.119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51867/ajernet.4.2.119","url":null,"abstract":"Dental caries manifests itself through the existence of a hole in the hard tissue of teeth, and it has a brown or black colour. Untreated dental caries causes a lot of challenges such as toothache and eventually tooth loss resulting in swelling, inability to eat or swallow, inability to open jaw or talk, difficulty in breathing and low self-esteem as a result of the bad breath from cavity. The outcome of the social effect of dental caries is the inability to pronounce or talk, inability to chew, sleep disruption due to pain and difficulty in breathing especially for those who use the mouth to breathe. In Bungoma County, little is known about the social impact of dental caries among patients. Therefore, there was a need to investigate the social impact on adult patients in Bungoma County, Kenya. This study was conducted in Bungoma County. The study adopted a descriptive cross-sectional study design. Adults with dental challenges and the dental staff formed the study population. The sample size was 347 dental patients. The sampling strategy was proportionate probability sampling and simple random sampling. Data was collected using a pretested WHO-modified assessment questionnaire of 2013, WHO-modified observation checklist and key informant interviews. Data was analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics with the aid of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences tool (SPSS) v 25.0. Data was presented using tables, figures, narratives and verbatim. Association and strength between the variables were assessed using correlation, multiple regression and logistical regression at 0.05. Thematic analysis was used to analyse qualitative data. Results: The burden of dental caries according to sociodemographic was as follows: youth < 35 years was 60%, the female was 57.4%, rural dwellers had 56.8% and low-income earners had 65.6%. The study established that poor oral hygiene habits (OR: 1.2) frequent consumption of sugary food (OR: 1.0) and smoking contributed (OR: 0.8). Toothache due to cavity was 97.9% and tooth loss was 40.4% while bad breath was reported by 60.7%. There was a significant strong positive association between the level of teeth loss and the level of pain experienced by a patient with dental caries, (r (347) = 0.86, p < 0.001). the study concluded that dental caries was more prominent in those with poor oral hygiene practices, those who frequently consume sugary foods and those who smoke tobacco. Toothache, tooth loss and bad breath were the major social impacts of dental caries that affect the quality of the affected. The study recommended that community members should be informed to foster a habit of attending dental clinics occasionally at least once a year for a check-up.","PeriodicalId":360060,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Empirical Research","volume":"71 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139263234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}