African Journal of Empirical Research最新文献

{"title":"The Politics of ‘Eating’ and Conflicts: Manifestation of Negative Ethnicity as a Consequence of Horizontal Inequalities in Uasin Gishu County, Kenya","authors":"J. Juma, Frank Matanga, C. Iteyo","doi":"10.51867/ajernet.5.3.37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51867/ajernet.5.3.37","url":null,"abstract":"Horizontal inequalities, such as political exclusion, are likely to motivate ethnic group leaders to instigate conflicts. Ethnic nationalism becomes a key motivation for ethnic groups to mobilise based on their shared primordial identities. Uasin Gishu County has been the epicentre of ethnic conflicts due to horizontal inequalities perpetuated by political decisions that have proved impactful on ethnic relations in the county. Past conflicts in the county have been attributed to land disputes, political competition, and access to economic resources. This study thus puts into perspective how these factors associated with horizontal inequalities have exacerbated conflicts in the county. The study was anchored on the relative deprivation theory. This study adopted descriptive research design and historical research design. The study targeted the following categories of study population in Uasin Gishu County: Household heads, County Commissioner, County Secretary, Constituency Development Fund (CDF) Officials, local administration (Chiefs), religious leaders, civil society organisations, Members of County Assembly (MCAs), security personnel (senior police officers), and opinion leaders. Hence, the total number of household heads is 60,318. The researcher, therefore, determined the sample size for the nine wards using Fisher’s formula which states that for a target population greater than 10,000, the desired sample size can be determined using Fisher’s formula for sample size determination. Primary data was collected through questionnaires, interviews, and FGDs. Quantitative data was analysed using SPSS version 25 software to obtain descriptive statistics, particularly frequencies and percentages. Additionally, Pearson’s Correlation Coefficient Analysis was used to generate 2-tail bivariate Pearson’s correlation tables from the SPSS data set. Qualitative data was analysed using thematic techniques to support quantitative data. Quantitative data was presented using a table; qualitative data was presented in the form of narrative reports and verbatim quotations. Based on the findings, the study concludes that political horizontal inequalities that manifest through political exclusion, patrimonialism, and discrimination occasioned by ethnic patronage have been a major factor in intractable ethnic conflicts in the county. The study recommends transparency and inclusivity in political processes to reduce the manipulation of ethnic identities for political gains.","PeriodicalId":360060,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Empirical Research","volume":"55 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141799570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determinants of Inorganic Fertilizer Use by Smallholder Rice Farmers in Mbeya and Morogoro Regions of Tanzania","authors":"Juma Mussa, E. Msuya, Joseph Longo","doi":"10.51867/ajernet.5.3.36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51867/ajernet.5.3.36","url":null,"abstract":"This study identifies factors that influence smallholder rice farmers to adopt or not adopt inorganic fertilizer. This study employed a cross-sectional design. This study was guided by the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) in determining the factors that influence the use of inorganic fertilizer among smallholder farmers. The data was collected using multistage sampling, a two-stage design. To do this, secondary data from the National Sample Census of Agriculture (NSCA) survey of 2019–20 are used to model participation and intensity of use of inorganic fertilizer as separate decisions. The results showed that factors such as farm income, membership in the farmer group, and irrigation influence both participation and intensity of inorganic fertilizer use. Moreover, factors such as distance to the homestead, distance to the nearest road, and improved seed use influence participation decisions, while only extension advice and the price of inorganic fertilizer affect the intensity of inorganic fertilizer use. Furthermore, the study found regional differences in the key factors that influence inorganic fertilizer use. The study recommends various strategies for encouraging and increasing the use of inorganic fertilizer among smallholder rice farmers in Tanzania. These include developments to the rural road network, a decrease in the cost of inorganic fertilizer, encouraging membership in farmer groups, and strengthening the existing extension system. In addition, the designed intervention should take into consideration the regional differences that exist in the regions; thus, policies to increase inorganic fertilizer use might differ among regions. Furthermore, the intervention should account for the regional disparities that exist. Consequently, strategies aimed at promoting the use of inorganic fertilizers may vary among regions.","PeriodicalId":360060,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Empirical Research","volume":"10 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141801753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shaping the Future Trajectory of Dairy Processing Industries in Tanzania through Eco-Commercial Dairy Farms’ Strategy","authors":"Ezekiel Kanire, E. Msuya, Roselyn Alphonce","doi":"10.51867/ajernet.5.3.32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51867/ajernet.5.3.32","url":null,"abstract":"Following the challenges faced by smallholder dairy farmers in sustaining dairy processing industries’ (DPIs) demand, this study sought to propose an operational model to meet DPIs’ demand for milk and enhance the capacity utilisation of dairy processing industries in Tanzania. The study employed a sequential explanatory mixed design, where qualitative insights drawn from 23 dairy stakeholders were supported by bibliometric data from the Scopus database. Qualitative data obtained through interviews was analysed using both content-thematic and SWOT analysis techniques. SWOT outputs were subjected to TOWS analysis, where eco-commercial dairy farms’ strategy was prioritised using the urgency-importance approach. The prioritised strategy was further subjected to a business model canvas to provide a clear blueprint for the operationalization of the eco-commercial dairy farms in Tanzania. In the same vein, the study highlights how commercial dairy farms can co-work with smallholder dairy farmers, enabling them to overcome their limitations and access high-value markets as out-growers. This study contributes to the operationalization of commercial dairy farms in terms of both knowledge and practice. Furthermore, while the existing literature on commercial dairy farms primarily focuses on animal health and milk productivity, this study addresses the linkage gap in the literature between commercial dairy farms and dairy processing industries.","PeriodicalId":360060,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Empirical Research","volume":"22 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141803465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Students’ Perceptions of their Improvement in English Language Skills through Short Stories: A Case of the College of Business and Economics, University of Rwanda","authors":"Evariste Manirakiza, Spéciose N. Ndimurugero, Gloriose Mugirase, Innocent Hakizimana","doi":"10.51867/ajernet.5.3.31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51867/ajernet.5.3.31","url":null,"abstract":"Using short stories has proven effective in second language learning and teaching. This study investigated the students’ perceptions of the use of short stories and their English proficiency. It was intended to identify the students’ benefits from using short stories and the challenges they encountered, as well as solutions to address them. The study targeted 1050 first-year students at the University of Rwanda, College of Business and Economics. The sample size was 222 students from the departments of Business and Information Technology (BIT) and Applied Statistics. This study was supported by the constructivism theory. The study adopted a descriptive approach, and data were collected through a questionnaire and focus group interviews. The questionnaire yielded quantitative data, whereas the focus group interviews generated qualitative data. Findings revealed that using short stories enabled students to develop the English language's four macro-skills, namely listening (94.6%), speaking (95.5%), reading (98.2%), and writing (95.9%). The findings also disclosed that short stories helped to increase students’ vocabulary (98.2%). However, the findings indicated that students had difficulties grasping conveyed messages because of limited vocabulary, spelling difficulties, and little knowledge of English tenses, and that they lacked confidence to present their stories in front of colleagues. They could overcome these challenges, though, by looking up the meanings of new words and scaffolding each other’s learning. The study concluded that short stories might be useful language materials and recommended them as adequate materials to mediate second language learning.","PeriodicalId":360060,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Empirical Research","volume":"42 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141807073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rethinking Higher Education Teaching and Assessment In-Line with AI Innovations: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","authors":"J. Lyanda, Salmon Owidi, A. M. Simiyu","doi":"10.51867/ajernet.5.3.30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51867/ajernet.5.3.30","url":null,"abstract":"With the rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies, higher education institutions are increasingly exploring innovative ways to rethink teaching and assessment practices. This research paper examines the implications of AI on assessments in online learning environments. Specifically, the objectives of this study were to evaluate the effectiveness of AI-powered teaching methodologies in enhancing student engagement and learning outcomes in online education settings and, secondly, to analyze the impact of AI-driven assessment tools on the accuracy, reliability, and fairness of evaluating student performance in online learning environments through a systematic review and meta-analysis of existing literature. The study adopted activity theory to understand the issues around AI and assessment. The study adopted a mixed-methods design. The study adopted the use of meta-analysis in order to statistically combine results from multiple studies on a particular topic to provide a more comprehensive and reliable summary of the overall findings. The study found that to guarantee moral and just practices, there are issues with the integration of AI in online learning that need to be resolved. Key issues included data privacy, algorithmic prejudice, and the role of human instructors in the administration of the assessments online, carefully considered and addressed in a proactive manner. These findings provided insights on how AI can transform traditional teaching methods and assessment strategies, creating an AI-crowded environment that fosters student learning and academic success. Based on the findings, the study recommends that there is a need to integrate pedagogical strategies that leverage AI innovation, such as adaptive learning approaches, real-time feedback mechanisms, or interactive simulations, to improve teaching effectiveness and student performance in online settings.","PeriodicalId":360060,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Empirical Research","volume":"46 21","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141809698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kinyarwanda Language Change: A Prescriptivism Perspective of Selected Settings","authors":"Gabriel Bazimaziki, Vedaste Nsengiyumva, Jean Leonard Ndayishimiye, Felix Micomyiza, Evode Nshimiyimana, Emilien Bisamaza, Maurice Mpumuje","doi":"10.51867/ajernet.5.3.28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51867/ajernet.5.3.28","url":null,"abstract":"With the advancement of technology, language change has gained a stronghold among the 21st century linguistic studies. Language change is generally fueled by diverse factors. Generation by generation, pronunciations evolve, new words are borrowed, others are invented, the meaning of old words drifts, and morphology develops or decays. In this study, the researchers explore factors pertaining to Kinyarwanda language change in the post-1994 Genocide period, with particular focus on lexicosemantic features. The study is framed in prescriptivism, which holds that there are correct and wrong ways of using language. Both written and spoken data was collected from various public places and social media sources, where Kinyarwanda is widely used on different occasions. Contextual data analysis was carried out, taking into consideration the general use of standard Kinyarwanda. Findings highlight that Kinyarwanda is negatively affected by historical, technological, and social factors that impede the respect of the prescribed rules of the standard Kinyarwanda language. The study recommends that efforts be made to cope with the identified critical factors so as to preserve Kinyarwanda, which is not only means of communication, reflection of people’s culture and identity but also an official and academic language in the Rwandan context and even beyond it.","PeriodicalId":360060,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Empirical Research","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141816060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Innovation among Small-Scale Firms in Shea Butter Production in Ghana","authors":"Kassim Alabani, M. Armah, Francis Taale","doi":"10.51867/ajernet.5.3.27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51867/ajernet.5.3.27","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines innovation among small-scale shea butter processors in Ghana, guided by Schumpeter's Innovation theory. Using a descriptive research design, the study investigates product innovation, process innovation, marketing innovation, and organizational innovation. Data was collected through a questionnaire administered to 181 firms selected from a comprehensive list of shea butter processors, drawing inspiration from the European Community Innovation Survey (2019). Regression analyses using Stata version 14.2 were employed to identify factors influencing innovation. The findings show the presence of all four types of innovation, with different driving forces behind each. Logistic regression analysis identified access to innovation support services, firm location, and firm size as key determinants of product and process innovation. For organizational innovation, the study yielded a Pseudo R-squared of 0.157, a Chi-square value of 37.036, and an average innovation score of 0.771. Location, product demand, and foreign training for managers emerged as statistically significant factors. Urban firms displayed a higher propensity for both organizational and marketing innovation. Firms in urban settings were over three times more likely to innovate in marketing than rural firms (odds ratio: 3.377). A larger product portfolio was also associated with increased marketing innovation. Younger firms tended to innovate in products and processes (odds ratio: 9.137). The study concludes that firm size positively correlates with product innovation adoption, supporting Schumpeter's theory. However, regional constraints may necessitate a greater focus on process innovation, particularly efficiency improvements and waste reduction strategies. Interestingly, managerial demographics (age and education) did not significantly influence innovation, suggesting that regional entrepreneurial spirit and necessity-driven innovation may be more important factors in this context. The unique geographical and resource context of the region presents both challenges (limited infrastructure, financial resources, and research institutions) and opportunities (proximity to raw materials, potential for community collaboration) for innovation in the shea butter industry. Based on these findings, the study recommends that the government and relevant stakeholders provide support mechanisms such as training programs, access to technology, mentorship, and funding to enhance product innovation capabilities in the shea industry. These interventions should consider the regional context and focus on leveraging local resources while addressing specific constraints faced by firms in different locations.","PeriodicalId":360060,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Empirical Research","volume":"115 29","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141819913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Principals’ Counselling Strategies on the Psychological Well-Being of Orphaned Students in Public Secondary Schools in Makueni County, Kenya","authors":"Samuel Muli Wambua, J. Mwania, N. Mukolwe","doi":"10.51867/ajernet.5.3.26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51867/ajernet.5.3.26","url":null,"abstract":"Adopting counselling strategies such as peer, group, life skills and mentorship programmes has enabled secondary schools to reduce effects of low self-esteem, low self-confidence and low self-efficacy among orphaned and vulnerable. However, most orphaned children typically do not have access to counselling services and mentoring programs which might help them cope with their circumstances and keep their focus on their studies. This lack of support systems may make it more difficult for them to overcome the obstacles they face. This study sought to establish the influence of principals’ counselling strategies on the psychological well-being of orphaned students in public secondary schools in Makueni County. Founded on the theory of psychological well-being, the study employed a descriptive correlational research design. The study targeted 1,979 respondents, including principals, teacher-counselors, and orphaned students from 393 public secondary schools. The sample size was 333 respondents selected through stratified and purposive sampling techniques. Data collection involved questionnaires for teacher-counselors and structured interviews for principals and students. Quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, particularly Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation, facilitated by SPSS. Qualitative data underwent thematic analysis, providing narrative insights. Ethical considerations, including informed consent and data confidentiality, were rigorously followed. The findings show that there is a significant relationship between counselling strategies and the psychological well-being of orphaned students. The study found that the presence of counselling sessions in schools, dedicated counselling centres, and competent peer counsellors plays a pivotal role in positively influencing the psychological well-being of orphaned students. The study recommends that principals should prioritize the availability of counselling services within schools and ensure that teacher-counsellors are well-equipped through capacity building to provide guidance and support to students, especially orphaned ones. Furthermore, the government, through the Ministry of Education, should develop and implement policies that specifically address the psychological well-being of orphaned students within the education system by ensuring the availability of counselling services and mentorship programs.","PeriodicalId":360060,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Empirical Research","volume":" 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141822914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Business Strategies on Organizational Performance: Case of Selected Telecommunication Firms in Kenya","authors":"Aliya Mohamed Abdullahi, Erastus Thoronjo","doi":"10.51867/ajernet.5.3.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51867/ajernet.5.3.25","url":null,"abstract":"In an age of increased globalization and fierce market competition, the influence of business strategies on organizational performance is a critical topic. This research examined the influence of business strategies on the organizational performance of selected telecommunications films in Kenya. The specific objective is to determine the influence of business monitoring strategies on the organizational performance of selected telecommunications firms in Kenya. A researcher gives stewardship theory a look in a literature review. The target population consisted of 1015 employees from Jamii Telecommunications Limited, Liquid Telecom Kenya Ltd., and Wananchi Group Kenya Ltd. The sample size of 286 was taken during the process, and to determine the process, the Yamane (1967) formula was used. The research employed stratified random sampling. A descriptive research design was employed, with data being collected using questionnaires. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Correlation and regression analysis were employed to analyze the connection between the dependent variable and the independent variables. Findings reveal that monitoring strategies positively and significantly influence the organizational performance of the selected telecommunications firms (β = 0.168, p = 0.000). The study concludes that selected telecom firms demonstrate a consistent approach to strategic monitoring and adjustment. Through regular monitoring strategies and reinforcing this approach, the firms demonstrate a proactive approach to staying ahead of market trends. Close monitoring of results and close monitoring of operational changes demonstrate their commitment to continuous improvement and to adapting to changing industry environments. This continuous monitoring ensures that the companies remain agile and able to take advantage of new opportunities while minimizing potential risks. It is recommended that telecommunications firms conduct periodic assessments of their strategies for progress in their plans. This would ensure the strategies remain relevant and can be adaptable in the market. A culture of continuous monitoring makes firms agile in their operations; staying ahead of their competitors and maintaining it for the long term is another issue altogether. Telecommunication firms can gain valuable insights on performance by monitoring results and operational changes to ensure improvements in performance in the market, mitigation of risks, and decision-making in resource allocation.","PeriodicalId":360060,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Empirical Research","volume":" 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141826002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Fathers’ Knowledge, Attitude and Practices on Nutritional Needs of their Children under 5 Year-Old in Kigeme Refugee Camp in Rwanda","authors":"Laurette Mushimiyimana","doi":"10.51867/ajernet.5.3.24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51867/ajernet.5.3.24","url":null,"abstract":"The educational level of parents significantly impacts the quality of nutrition provided to their children. The specific research objective of this paper states the influence of fathers’ knowledge, attitude, and practices on children's lives at Kigeme refugee camp. A descriptive survey research design was employed. The target population was 850 fathers, and the Alain Bouchard formula was used to get a sample size of 264 respondents, where the inclusion criteria included fathers having children under 5 years old in the Kigeme refugee camp. Nutrition literacy theory was used to guide the study. A questionnaire was used as a data collection instrument. The findings revealed that 55.3% of respondents indicated that they did not know how or when a child can be taken for anthropometric measurements. 118 (44.7%) know, and they are interested. It was also found that 57.2 %, as indicated by the study participants, showed that infants have to start to eat at 6 months. Furthermore, the study found that the number of children who are not fed by their fathers is high, as confirmed by 79.6% of the respondents. The study concludes that fathers did not have efficient knowledge, practices, and attitudes toward the growth and feeding of their children under 5 years old, and a few who have such knowledge declare that they have no access to diversified food in order to prepare the recommended balanced diet for their children in the Kigeme refugee camp. The study recommends that there is a need to create opportunities for fathers to access the diversified food of their children and to expand kitchen gardens in Kigeme refugee camp, which could help them enrich their diet through vegetables gotten from them.","PeriodicalId":360060,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Empirical Research","volume":" 40","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141829780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}