加纳乳木果油生产小企业的创新之路

Kassim Alabani, M. Armah, Francis Taale
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摘要

本研究以熊彼特的创新理论为指导,考察了加纳小型牛油果油加工商的创新情况。本研究采用描述性研究设计,调查了产品创新、流程创新、营销创新和组织创新。数据是在欧洲共同体创新调查(2019 年)的启发下,通过对从乳木果油加工商综合名单中选出的 181 家公司进行问卷调查收集的。使用 Stata 14.2 版进行回归分析,以确定影响创新的因素。研究结果表明存在所有四种类型的创新,每种类型背后的驱动力各不相同。逻辑回归分析发现,获得创新支持服务、企业所在地和企业规模是产品和流程创新的关键决定因素。在组织创新方面,研究得出的伪 R 方为 0.157,卡方值为 37.036,平均创新得分为 0.771。在统计意义上,地理位置、产品需求和管理人员的国外培训成为重要因素。城市企业在组织创新和营销创新方面都表现出更高的倾向性。城市企业在营销方面进行创新的可能性是农村企业的三倍多(几率比:3.377)。更大的产品组合也与营销创新的增加有关。年轻企业倾向于在产品和流程方面进行创新(几率比:9.137)。研究得出结论,企业规模与产品创新的采用呈正相关,支持熊彼特的理论。然而,由于地区限制,企业可能需要更加注重流程创新,尤其是提高效率和减少浪费的战略。有趣的是,管理者的人口统计学特征(年龄和教育程度)对创新没有显著影响,这表明在这种情况下,地区企业家精神和需求驱动型创新可能是更重要的因素。该地区独特的地理和资源环境为牛油果油行业的创新带来了挑战(基础设施、财政资源和研究机构有限)和机遇(靠近原材料、社区合作潜力)。基于这些发现,研究建议政府和相关利益方提供培训计划、技术获取、指导和资金等支持机制,以提高牛油果行业的产品创新能力。这些干预措施应考虑地区背景,并侧重于利用当地资源,同时解决不同地区企业面临的具体制约因素。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Innovation among Small-Scale Firms in Shea Butter Production in Ghana
This study examines innovation among small-scale shea butter processors in Ghana, guided by Schumpeter's Innovation theory. Using a descriptive research design, the study investigates product innovation, process innovation, marketing innovation, and organizational innovation. Data was collected through a questionnaire administered to 181 firms selected from a comprehensive list of shea butter processors, drawing inspiration from the European Community Innovation Survey (2019). Regression analyses using Stata version 14.2 were employed to identify factors influencing innovation. The findings show the presence of all four types of innovation, with different driving forces behind each. Logistic regression analysis identified access to innovation support services, firm location, and firm size as key determinants of product and process innovation. For organizational innovation, the study yielded a Pseudo R-squared of 0.157, a Chi-square value of 37.036, and an average innovation score of 0.771. Location, product demand, and foreign training for managers emerged as statistically significant factors. Urban firms displayed a higher propensity for both organizational and marketing innovation. Firms in urban settings were over three times more likely to innovate in marketing than rural firms (odds ratio: 3.377). A larger product portfolio was also associated with increased marketing innovation. Younger firms tended to innovate in products and processes (odds ratio: 9.137). The study concludes that firm size positively correlates with product innovation adoption, supporting Schumpeter's theory. However, regional constraints may necessitate a greater focus on process innovation, particularly efficiency improvements and waste reduction strategies. Interestingly, managerial demographics (age and education) did not significantly influence innovation, suggesting that regional entrepreneurial spirit and necessity-driven innovation may be more important factors in this context. The unique geographical and resource context of the region presents both challenges (limited infrastructure, financial resources, and research institutions) and opportunities (proximity to raw materials, potential for community collaboration) for innovation in the shea butter industry. Based on these findings, the study recommends that the government and relevant stakeholders provide support mechanisms such as training programs, access to technology, mentorship, and funding to enhance product innovation capabilities in the shea industry. These interventions should consider the regional context and focus on leveraging local resources while addressing specific constraints faced by firms in different locations.
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