中华病理学杂志最新文献

{"title":"[Bone marrow metastasis of malignant melanoma mimicking acute myeloid leukemia: report of a case].","authors":"H L Zhang, L Y Zhang, S S Wu, X L Sui, J Wang, G H Yu","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112151-20260225-00138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112151-20260225-00138","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35997,"journal":{"name":"中华病理学杂志","volume":"55 10","pages":"1000-1002"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149138155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Expert consensus on next-generation sequencing of common tumor driver genes using body fluid-derived cfDNA (2026 version)].","authors":"","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112151-20260401-00235","DOIUrl":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112151-20260401-00235","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35997,"journal":{"name":"中华病理学杂志","volume":"55 10","pages":"919-930"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149138630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Malignant phyllodes tumor of the breast with distant metastasis: a clinicopathological and molecular genetic analysis of ten cases].","authors":"T Lei, Y Q Shi, X Deng, F F Wang, Y Y Yang, H Y Wang, N P Wu, Q Li","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112151-20260325-00202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112151-20260325-00202","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> To investigate the clinicopathological characteristics, immunophenotypic profile, and molecular genetic changes of malignant phyllodes tumors of the breast with distant metastasis, to assess key diagnostic considerations and prognostic determinants, and to validate the utility of the 6th edition WHO classification criteria in these cases. <b>Methods:</b> A retrospective analysis was conducted on 10 cases of metastatic malignant phyllodes tumors of the breast diagnosed at Changzhou First People's Hospital (9 cases) and the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University (1 case) from January 2002 to December 2025. The clinicopathological features were summarized. Immunohistochemistry and next-generation sequencing were employed to examine the histological changes, immunophenotype, and genomic mutation spectrum. <b>Results:</b> All the 10 patients were female, with an age of 47.5 (44.0, 58.0) years. The mean tumor diameter was 8.5 (7.0, 10.5) cm. Among the 10 cases of malignant phyllodes tumor, 8 met all five criteria of the 5th edition WHO classification of breast tumors, while the remaining 2 fulfilled four of the five criteria. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that CKpan, CK7, CD34, and GATA3 were all negative, while p63 showed focal positive expression (3/10), and TRPS1 demonstrated moderate to strong diffuse positivity (10/10). The most frequently altered genes included TP53 (6/8), MED12 (6/8), MUC16 (6/8), FAT1 (4/8), TERT promoter (3/8), ATM (3/8), GRIN2A (3/8), PIK3CA (3/8), FAT4 (3/8), DNMT3A (3/8), KMT2C (3/8), EGFR (2/8), SETD2 (2/8), APC (2/8), and NOTCH1 (2/8). Signaling pathway enrichment analysis revealed that the commonly involved pathways included RTK/RAS (8/8), TP53 (6/8), Cell Cycle (6/8), HIPPO (5/8), MYC (4/8), NOTCH (3/8), PI3K/AKT (3/8), WNT (3/8), and TGF-β (2/8). The time to progression in the 10 cases was 18 (9, 39) months. Eight patients died of distant metastasis, with an overall survival time of 34.5 (22.0, 55.0) months. <b>Conclusions:</b> Malignant phyllodes tumor of the breast with distant metastasis carries an extremely poor clinical prognosis. Its diagnosis and differential diagnosis rely on integrated application of morphological features and immunophenotypic combinations. At the molecular level, it is characterized by frequent mutations in TP53, MED12, MUC16, and FAT1, and the concurrent dysregulation of RTK/RAS, TP53, and cell cycle signaling pathways may constitute the key drivers of malignant progression. The simplified criterion of \"meeting four of five criteria\" adopted in the 6th edition of the WHO classification significantly enhances the practical applicability of diagnosis, increases the sensitivity for detecting high-risk cases, and therefore reduces the risk of missed diagnosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":35997,"journal":{"name":"中华病理学杂志","volume":"55 10","pages":"958-965"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149138591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Invasive breast carcinoma of no special type with glycogen-rich and signet-ring cell-like morphology: report of a case].","authors":"W S Ge, E Q Qiao, B Lu, M P Li","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112151-20260416-00276","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112151-20260416-00276","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35997,"journal":{"name":"中华病理学杂志","volume":"55 10","pages":"996-999"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149138619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Clinicopathological and molecular genetic characteristics of embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma with divergent neuroectodermal differentiation: an analysis of 17 cases].","authors":"M Zeng, H L Li, Y Y Xu, L Xie, R J Mao","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112151-20260315-00174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112151-20260315-00174","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> To investigate the clinicopathological and molecular genetic features of embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma with heterologous neuroectodermal differentiation (ERMS-HND). <b>Methods:</b> A retrospective analysis was performed on 17 patients with ERMS-HND diagnosed from January 2021 to December 2025 at the Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Foshan, China. The clinicopathological, immunohistochemical, and molecular genetic characteristics were evaluated. <b>Results:</b> Among the 17 ERMS-HND patients, 15 were male and 2 were female. Their age was 24.0 (12.0, 46.5) months, ranging from 0.5 months to 22 years. Fourteen patients were children aged ≤5 years. The pelvic/genitourinary region was the most frequently involved site (8/17). All cases exhibited biphasic differentiation. The mesenchymal component was predominantly embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma (ERMS, 16/17). The neuroectodermal component encompassed the spectrum of neural crest differentiation, including neuroblastoma in 12 cases, ganglioneuroma/ganglion cells in 2 cases, composite ganglioneuroblastoma in 1 case, and Schwann cell differentiation in 2 cases. In addition to the classic configuration, two distinctive architectural patterns, namely micronest and inverted, were identified. The mesenchymal component uniformly expressed desmin, MyoD1, and Myogenin. The neuroblastoma component was mostly positive for synaptophysin (SYN), neuron-specific enolase (NSE), chromogranin A (CgA), and CD56, whereas the Schwann cell differentiation expressed only S-100 and/or SOX10. Only 2 cases showed focal PHOX2B positivity. RAS mutations were detected in 3 cases (HRAS mutation in 1 case and NRAS mutations in 2 cases). The tumor cells were all negative for FOXO1, PAX3 and PAX7. Case 17 showed no PRC2 alterations, NF1 inactivation, or CDKN2A/2B deletion, but retained H3K27me3 expression in Schwann cell areas, in contrast to the loss of H3K27me3 observed in malignant triton tumor. <b>Conclusions:</b> The neuroectodermal component of ERMS-HND encompasses the complete spectrum of neural crest-derived differentiation. S-100 and SOX10 are key and reliable markers for confirming the neuroectodermal component, while negativity of neuroendocrine markers such as SYN does not exclude this differentiation. Unlike malignant triton tumors, Schwann cell differentiation in this tumor does not exhibit loss of H3K27me3. Low PHOX2B expression in the neuroblastoma component may serve as an important marker for the differential diagnosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":35997,"journal":{"name":"中华病理学杂志","volume":"55 10","pages":"989-995"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149138279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Localized orbital amyloidoma: report of a case].","authors":"W J Wang, G H Yu, L Jiang, L Cai","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112151-20260312-00167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112151-20260312-00167","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35997,"journal":{"name":"中华病理学杂志","volume":"55 10","pages":"1003-1005"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149138617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Controversies and advances in pathological diagnosis of breast neuroendocrine neoplasms].","authors":"M Zhao, H Bu, B Wei, Y P Liu","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112151-20260512-00367","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112151-20260512-00367","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Breast neuroendocrine neoplasms represent a rare pathological entity. Iterative revisions of successive editions of the WHO classification criteria have resulted in poor interobserver consistency in pathological diagnosis. This review systematically sorts out the evolutionary trajectory of the histological subtyping of such neoplasms, comprehensively analyzes diagnostic challenges at the histological, immunohistochemical and molecular levels, and elaborates on the hierarchical diagnostic framework and differential diagnostic criteria proposed by the latest WHO classification. It aims to provide a theoretical reference for the pathological identification of this rare tumor, and facilitate standardized pathological evaluation as well as individualized precision diagnosis and treatment for mammary neuroendocrine neoplasms in clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":35997,"journal":{"name":"中华病理学杂志","volume":"55 10","pages":"907-913"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149138585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Expert consensus on risk management in clinical pathology laboratories].","authors":"","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112151-20260512-00368","DOIUrl":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112151-20260512-00368","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35997,"journal":{"name":"中华病理学杂志","volume":"55 10","pages":"949-957"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149138645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Guideline for HER2 detection in gastric cancer (2026 version)].","authors":"","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112151-20260531-00424","DOIUrl":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112151-20260531-00424","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35997,"journal":{"name":"中华病理学杂志","volume":"55 10","pages":"940-948"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149138606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[New advances in thyroid tumors associated with genetic syndromes].","authors":"X D Zhang, Z Y Liu","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112151-20260213-00127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112151-20260213-00127","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35997,"journal":{"name":"中华病理学杂志","volume":"55 10","pages":"914-918"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149138604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}