Soldiers as CitizensPub Date : 2019-10-31DOI: 10.3828/liverpool/9781789620863.003.0009
N. Mansfield
{"title":"Conclusion","authors":"N. Mansfield","doi":"10.3828/liverpool/9781789620863.003.0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781789620863.003.0009","url":null,"abstract":"This short chapter reviews the overall arguments of the book. It concludes with the conjunction of contrasting and often competing concepts of nationalism and socialism in the Great War of 1914-18. \u0000Partly through a survey of soldier socialists, like Colonel John Ward, MP and union leader, and Mick Mannock, socialist air ace, it concludes that the majority of the British labour movement supported the war effort. It argues that in the long term the emergence of Labour as a party of government and the foundation of the welfare state, owed much to the experiences of citizen soldiers of nineteenth and twentieth centuries.","PeriodicalId":359472,"journal":{"name":"Soldiers as Citizens","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130654424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"List of Illustrations","authors":"","doi":"10.2307/j.ctvpwhd9x.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvpwhd9x.4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":359472,"journal":{"name":"Soldiers as Citizens","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124085257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Military Radicals, 1790–1850","authors":"N. Mansfield","doi":"10.2307/j.ctvpwhd9x.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvpwhd9x.9","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter is a detailed chronological description and analysis of the military and political careers of important early nineteenth century soldier and ex-soldier activists, both rank and file and junior officers. This covers late eighteenth century military radicals, and the impact of the French Revolution and the Napoleonic Wars, through to popular reforming movements like Owenism, co-operation and Chartism. \u0000It makes a special study of the influential Napier Brothers, who were successful senior officers and committed political radicals. This all forms a unique and untold story of ‘military radicals’.","PeriodicalId":359472,"journal":{"name":"Soldiers as Citizens","volume":"112 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130116653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Protest and Subversion, 1790–1850","authors":"N. Mansfield","doi":"10.2307/j.ctvpwhd9x.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvpwhd9x.8","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter outlines government concerns about the danger of insurrection in the early nineteenth century and fear of soldiers’ subversion and involvement on the side of radical revolution. It reviews the reality of these claims, analysing soldiers’ involvement in key events and incidents. \u0000These range through riots and protests in the 1790s, the distribution of radical handbills subverting troops, the Despard Conspiracy, Luddism, the Post War discontent of 1815-6, working-class drilling and the use of government spies, Peterloo, the Scottish revolt of 1820, the Cato Street Conspiracy, the Queen Caroline agitation, the Reform Crisis of 1831-2, and Chartism. \u0000The chapter concludes that whilst some threats were serious, British rank and file soldiers always obeyed officers and did their duty to Crown and country, so revolution was unlikely.","PeriodicalId":359472,"journal":{"name":"Soldiers as Citizens","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127712065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"List of Abbreviations","authors":"","doi":"10.2307/j.ctvpwhd9x.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvpwhd9x.3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":359472,"journal":{"name":"Soldiers as Citizens","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123082227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Loyalism, Nationalism and the Army, 1790–1860","authors":"N. Mansfield","doi":"10.2307/j.ctvpwhd9x.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvpwhd9x.11","url":null,"abstract":"In contrast to chapters 3, 4 and 5, this chapter examines the traditional anti-foreigner and particularly anti-French feeling shared by many working class people. It examines how this aided the British army in the Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars and assesses how it contributed to the strengthening of political loyalism rather than radicalism. \u0000The account looks at examples of extraordinary rank and file unsolicited wartime bravery, and general keeness for battle which were promoted by post war commemoration and growing loyalty amongst soldiers to the martial traditions of their regiments. With rank and file support for regiment, army and nation, and with the army’s growing imperial role after 1815, this loyalism was combined with incipient imperialism. \u0000In addition, the survival of officer paternalism, albeit patchy, contributed to rank and file loyalty, often absorbing the anti-radicalism of the officer class. All this contributed to soldiers almost universally ‘doing their duty’ and explains why radical subversion was unsuccessful and why regiments could be safely used by the Victorian authorities against Chartists and strikers.","PeriodicalId":359472,"journal":{"name":"Soldiers as Citizens","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114415460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Overseas Military Adventurers, 1770–1861","authors":"N. Mansfield","doi":"10.2307/j.ctvpwhd9x.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvpwhd9x.10","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter covers largely forgotten overseas military adventurers, who served in private armies between 1815 and 1860. They were mainly contracted as mercenaries by liberal or nationalist revolutionaries in South America and parts of Southern Europe. Given the intense government prosecution of radicalism in the post Waterloo period and the failure of potential or actual insurrection, some ex-soldiers went overseas to avoid persecution. \u0000The complex wars of liberation, particularly in South America, enabled these men to pursue their old trade whilst serving a progressive cause. The careers of both officers and rankers are analysed in the Americas, Greece, Spain, Portugal and Italy, with an assessment of their commitment to political radicalism. A special study is made of the largest group – the British Auxiliary Legion, 1835-8 - raised by the threatened Spanish liberal government.","PeriodicalId":359472,"journal":{"name":"Soldiers as Citizens","volume":"96 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120849373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Index","authors":"","doi":"10.2307/j.ctvpwhd9x.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvpwhd9x.15","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":359472,"journal":{"name":"Soldiers as Citizens","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131045125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Politics and the Military, 1790–1832","authors":"N. Mansfield","doi":"10.2307/j.ctvpwhd9x.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvpwhd9x.6","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter reviews the involvement of soldiers in conventional politics in the early nineteenth century. In contrast to the leeway which allowed officers to be involved in politics (both as voters and MPs), the rank and file were discouraged from taking part. \u0000It outlines military policies of Whigs and Tories in the early nineteenth century and profiles key individual officers. It discusses the emergent influence of political radicalism on both parties, with some Whig officers embracing the concept, in contrast to Tory anathema.","PeriodicalId":359472,"journal":{"name":"Soldiers as Citizens","volume":"30 8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122732496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Radicalism and the Military, 1790–1860","authors":"N. Mansfield","doi":"10.2307/j.ctvpwhd9x.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvpwhd9x.7","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter reviews radical political attitudes to the military, especially criticism of purchase of officers’ commissions and the punishment floggings of the rank and file. \u0000It gives an account of radical military theory, particularly the impractical concepts of a ‘people in arms’ and pike warfare. It concludes that attempts by radicals to win over as soldiers as friends, had mixed results but that soldiers often possessed knowledge of radical ideas and political events. This even extended to soldiers siding with the people in riots against the authorities. \u0000Radicalism was also carried overseas by some soldiers and emerged in parts of the new British Empire. The chapter makes a particular study of key radical ex-soldier figures like John Cartwright, William Cobbett and Richard Carlile.","PeriodicalId":359472,"journal":{"name":"Soldiers as Citizens","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128702660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：