Loyalism, Nationalism and the Army, 1790–1860

N. Mansfield
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Abstract

In contrast to chapters 3, 4 and 5, this chapter examines the traditional anti-foreigner and particularly anti-French feeling shared by many working class people. It examines how this aided the British army in the Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars and assesses how it contributed to the strengthening of political loyalism rather than radicalism. The account looks at examples of extraordinary rank and file unsolicited wartime bravery, and general keeness for battle which were promoted by post war commemoration and growing loyalty amongst soldiers to the martial traditions of their regiments. With rank and file support for regiment, army and nation, and with the army’s growing imperial role after 1815, this loyalism was combined with incipient imperialism. In addition, the survival of officer paternalism, albeit patchy, contributed to rank and file loyalty, often absorbing the anti-radicalism of the officer class. All this contributed to soldiers almost universally ‘doing their duty’ and explains why radical subversion was unsuccessful and why regiments could be safely used by the Victorian authorities against Chartists and strikers.
保皇派、民族主义和军队,1790-1860
与第三章、第四章和第五章相比,这一章探讨了许多工人阶级所共有的传统的反外国人,特别是反法情绪。它考察了这在革命战争和拿破仑战争中如何帮助英国军队,并评估了它如何有助于加强政治忠诚而不是激进主义。这本书列举了一些非凡的士兵在战争中主动表现出的勇敢,以及对战争的普遍渴望,这些都是由战后的纪念活动和士兵对他们所在军团的军事传统日益忠诚所推动的。随着团、军队和国家的普通民众的支持,以及1815年后军队日益增强的帝国主义作用,这种忠诚与早期的帝国主义结合在一起。此外,军官家长式作风的存在,尽管不完整,但有助于提高普通士兵的忠诚度,经常吸收军官阶层的反激进主义。所有这些都促使士兵们几乎普遍地“履行他们的职责”,这也解释了为什么激进的颠覆是不成功的,为什么维多利亚当局可以安全地使用兵团来对付宪章派和罢工者。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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