Problemy sotsial''noi gigieny i istoriia meditsiny / NII sotsial''noi gigieny, ekonomiki i upravleniia zdravookhraneniem im. N.A. Semashko RAMN, AO ''Assotsiatsiia ''Meditsinskaia literatura''最新文献

{"title":"[The basic aspects of social support of parents bringing up disabled children].","authors":"T K Rostovskaya, E A Knyazkova, N V Miroshnichenko","doi":"10.32687/0869-866X-2025-33-2-231-235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32687/0869-866X-2025-33-2-231-235","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The article presents analysis of National Federal and Regional legislation regarding social support of parents bringing up disabled children as exemplified by Moscow and Moscow Oblast. It is concluded that despite active legislative activity of the state concerning amelioration of quality of life and income levels of families bringing up disabled children. Consequently, there is certain positive dynamics trend. However, caring from the state and society is not yet at higher level due to both negative nature of various economic processes and tense foreign-policy situation that does not allow state and regional authorities to fully focus on acceptable legislative support of families bringing up disabled child.</p>","PeriodicalId":35946,"journal":{"name":"Problemy sotsial''noi gigieny i istoriia meditsiny / NII sotsial''noi gigieny, ekonomiki i upravleniia zdravookhraneniem im. N.A. Semashko RAMN, AO ''Assotsiatsiia ''Meditsinskaia literatura''","volume":"33 2","pages":"1600"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143989439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[The evaluation of efficiency of measures targeted to decreasing alcohol consumption by population in the Subjects of the Russian Federation].","authors":"E M Osmanov, V A Reshetnikov, T M Akaev, B S Khamzaev, V V Tatarchenko, A A Idrisov","doi":"10.32687/0869-866X-2025-33-2-273-282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32687/0869-866X-2025-33-2-273-282","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The objective of the study is to assess degree of alcoholization in national regions in dynamics. The study provided analysis of efficiency of measures targeted to decrease alcohol consumption by population in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation based on dynamics of changes of integral indicator of The National Rating of Sobriety of the Subjects of the Russian Federation in 20162023.The analysis of dynamics of integral indicator was carried out on the basis of data presented in the reports of like name for 20162023.In 20162023, in 41 out of 85 Regions of the Russian Federation, decreasing of the integral indicator was established, while in 44 regions increasing of the integral indicator was detected. The three regions with the most significant increase of the integral indicator included the Republic of Ingushetia (increase in 2023 as compared to 2016 was 23.5% with average annual growth rate of 3.4%), the Altai Republic (increase of 20.6% and an average annual growth rate of 2.9%) and the Leningrad Oblast (increase of 19.5% and average annual growth rate of 2.7%). The regions with the largest decrease of the integrated indicator included the Lipetsk Oblast (decrease in 2023 as compared to 2016 was 20.9% with average annual decrease rate of 2.3%), the Tyumen Oblast (decrease 26.8% with an average annual decrease rate of 2.9%). The largest decrease of the indicator in 2023 as compared to 2016 was detected in the Krasnodar Krai 36.8%, with average annual decrease of 3.8%. The Subjects of the Russian Federation, depending on value of level of increase of the integrated indicator in 2023 as compared to 2016, are divided into four clusters. The first cluster included 23 regions with significant dynamics of the integral indicator decrease (from -36.8% up to -5.0%), the second cluster included 18 regions with insignificant dynamics of the integral indicator decrease (from -4.9% up to 0%), the third cluster included 19 regions with insignificant dynamics of the integral indicator increase (from 0% up to 4.9%) and the fourth cluster included 25 regions with significant dynamics of the integral indicator increase (from 5.0% up to 23.5%).Despite the successful anti-alcohol policy in the Russian Federation, some regions require systemic measures targeted to change patterns of alcohol consumption by population, with a preliminary analysis of factors determining the identified patterns. The presented data indicates that the regions have real potential to improve effectiveness of measures taken by the Subjects to decrease alcohol consumption as component of decreasing alcoholization of population.</p>","PeriodicalId":35946,"journal":{"name":"Problemy sotsial''noi gigieny i istoriia meditsiny / NII sotsial''noi gigieny, ekonomiki i upravleniia zdravookhraneniem im. N.A. Semashko RAMN, AO ''Assotsiatsiia ''Meditsinskaia literatura''","volume":"33 2","pages":"1607"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144037577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[The financing of programs of health preserving, physical culture and sport for employees in corporate practices of companies].","authors":"A A Tishutin, D S Naidenov, A B Borisov, S E Borovkov","doi":"10.32687/0869-866X-2025-33-2-250-254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32687/0869-866X-2025-33-2-250-254","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The corporate financing of programs of health preservation, physical training and sport acquires strategical significance in conditions of modern business. The investments in health of employees not only contribute into improvement of their well-being, but directly impact efficiency and competitiveness of companies. The article analyzes mechanisms of corporate financing of health preservation programs, their impact on business performance. Also statistical data and examples of successful practices are considered.</p>","PeriodicalId":35946,"journal":{"name":"Problemy sotsial''noi gigieny i istoriia meditsiny / NII sotsial''noi gigieny, ekonomiki i upravleniia zdravookhraneniem im. N.A. Semashko RAMN, AO ''Assotsiatsiia ''Meditsinskaia literatura''","volume":"33 2","pages":"1603"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144051191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[The development of model of prognostication and minimization of risk of by-effects under combined application of agents for treatment of chronic cardiac deficiency using AI].","authors":"T A Kuropatkina, T V Sivakova, M M Shegai, Y N Orlov, N L Shimanovskii","doi":"10.32687/0869-866X-2025-33-2-263-272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32687/0869-866X-2025-33-2-263-272","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The chronic cardiac deficiency continues to be one of the leading health care problems requiring innovative solutions. The article presents mathematical algorithm to evaluate drug interactions and targeted to minimize side effects and to optimize chronic cardiac deficiency therapy. The mathematical model, elaborated using AI, is based on analysis of fully connected sub-graphs and ranking of side effects of combined application of medications. This approach permits to implement optimal selection of the safest and most effective combinations of medications. This is particularly important with regard for co-morbid conditions when patients take simultaneously several different medications. The proposed approach can significantly improve risk prediction and favor more precise selection of combined therapy. The algorithm surmises necessity for further extension and specification of model, including consideration of wider spectrum of medications and mechanism of their interaction. In the context of rapidly advancing digital medicine, models based on mathematical algorithms and machine learning can complement systems of clinical decision support. These models also can become valuable tool improving treatment of various diseases, especially in co-morbid conditions opening new horizons in medical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":35946,"journal":{"name":"Problemy sotsial''noi gigieny i istoriia meditsiny / NII sotsial''noi gigieny, ekonomiki i upravleniia zdravookhraneniem im. N.A. Semashko RAMN, AO ''Assotsiatsiia ''Meditsinskaia literatura''","volume":"33 2","pages":"1606"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144039908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[The prognostication of need in IT-specialists in health care].","authors":"B A Zudin, A A Timoshevsky, D P Derbenev","doi":"10.32687/0869-866X-2025-33-2-288-294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32687/0869-866X-2025-33-2-288-294","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In conditions of global digitization of health care, characterized by widespread implementation of information technologies into medical practice, the problem of prognostication of need for qualified IT specialists capable to ensure effective functioning and development of digital infrastructure of health care becomes especially relevant. The article considers modern trends in health care development, emphasizing increased role of IT specialists in providing high-quality and efficient medical care, and also analyzes main areas of activity of IT specialists in health care. The analysis demonstrated that, despite active development of digital health care in Russia, the country to a certain extent lags behind leaders in this field in terms of saturation of health care with qualified IT specialists. The study presents prognostication of need in IT specialists in health care in 2025-2026, characterized by dominance of software developers, as well as increasing of need for data analysts, cybersecurity specialists and DevOps engineers. To meet increasing need for IT specialists in health care in Russia, it is necessary to improve education system, to develop professional retraining programs and to organize favorable conditions for work of IT specialists in health care, including competitive salaries and opportunities for professional growth.</p>","PeriodicalId":35946,"journal":{"name":"Problemy sotsial''noi gigieny i istoriia meditsiny / NII sotsial''noi gigieny, ekonomiki i upravleniia zdravookhraneniem im. N.A. Semashko RAMN, AO ''Assotsiatsiia ''Meditsinskaia literatura''","volume":"33 2","pages":"1609"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144062723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[The sanitary surveillance of industrial production of foodstuff in blocked Leningrad (1941-1943)].","authors":"E D Tverdyukova","doi":"10.32687/0869-866X-2025-33-2-318-323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32687/0869-866X-2025-33-2-318-323","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The article covers, on the basis of archival documents, one of the little-studied aspects of the Leningrad Blockade the activities of the State Sanitary Inspectorate for supervision over output of food products at industrial enterprises of the city (19411943). The data on its structure, personnel, under controlled network of enterprises, methods of work are presented. The specificity of functioning of the State Sanitary Inspection in conditions of Blockade was autonomy from the Republican and the Union management of the sanitary service. All decisions were taken from local daily needs and in contact with city authorities. One of the main tasks of sanitary food physicians in the blockaded city was to search for substitutes of food products and as much as possible to preserve and to use defective food products and at the same time to prevent surge of gastrointestinal diseases. With the purposes of that, workers of the State Sanitary Inspectorate carried on regular laboratory tests of food samples, authorized using in production certain surrogates and participated in development of the Temporary Technical Specifications for production of industrial enterprises. The study demonstrated that methods of work of the Leningrad State Sanitary Inspectorate (team approach to examinations, day-and-night duties of physicians in city and districts sanitary inspections, regular meetings with superiors and senior inspectors of food groups and economic executives) justified themselves in conditions of Blockade and deficiency of food resources.</p>","PeriodicalId":35946,"journal":{"name":"Problemy sotsial''noi gigieny i istoriia meditsiny / NII sotsial''noi gigieny, ekonomiki i upravleniia zdravookhraneniem im. N.A. Semashko RAMN, AO ''Assotsiatsiia ''Meditsinskaia literatura''","volume":"33 2","pages":"1613"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144019124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[The sociological survey of tobacco consumption and nicotine-containing production in student milieu].","authors":"P N Bolshakova, S N Cherkasov","doi":"10.32687/0869-866X-2025-33-2-283-287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32687/0869-866X-2025-33-2-283-287","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The tobacco smoking continues to be a significant public health problem, as it is one of the major risk factors of development of neoplastic, cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. The particular attention is attracted to prevalence of consumption of tobacco and new nicotine-containing products in medical students community. The article presents results of anonymous sociological survey of student youth of the Medical University as part of study of habit of consuming tobacco or nicotine-containing products. It is established that medical students have high commitment to smoking (50.7%). However, the most popular product among respondents was electronic cigarettes. The majority of respondents smoke less than 10 cigarettes per day and have very weak nicotine addiction according to the Fagerstrom test. The average age of smoking initiation among medical students was 16.523.7 years. According to respondents, among main reasons for starting smoking were pleasure, sense of adulthood, anxiety, and stress. The users of electronic cigarettes, electronic nicotine delivery systems and electronic non-nicotine delivery system more often than smokers of traditional cigarettes openly smoke with their families and less often tried to quit smoking. The health worker advised to quit smoking only in 19.650% of cases. Among respondents, 32.9% plan to quit smoking traditional cigarettes within next six months. 66.7% and 18.5% of respondents do not intend to give up using electronic nicotine delivery systems and electronic cigarettes in next six months.</p>","PeriodicalId":35946,"journal":{"name":"Problemy sotsial''noi gigieny i istoriia meditsiny / NII sotsial''noi gigieny, ekonomiki i upravleniia zdravookhraneniem im. N.A. Semashko RAMN, AO ''Assotsiatsiia ''Meditsinskaia literatura''","volume":"33 2","pages":"1608"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144053032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[The management model to access efficiency of activity of obstetrics aid organizations of the Tver Oblast in decreasing maternal and infant mortality].","authors":"L Y Grebenshchikova, O V Rad'kov","doi":"10.32687/0869-866X-2025-33-2-226-230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32687/0869-866X-2025-33-2-226-230","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The article presents management model, based on assessment of potentials of sustainable development of medical organizations. The model can be applied to assess efficiency of activities of obstetrics organizations in the Tver Oblast reducing maternal and infant mortality. The basis for model implementation is analysis of data from reporting documentation of obstetrics institutions in the Tver Oblast. It is established that with implementation of management model manager can set in motion leadership potential and evaluate efficiency of innovations even before they start working in the institution. The decrease in maternal and infant mortality due to introduction of new techniques was noted. The implementation of pediatric component for further decreasing of infant mortality is justified.</p>","PeriodicalId":35946,"journal":{"name":"Problemy sotsial''noi gigieny i istoriia meditsiny / NII sotsial''noi gigieny, ekonomiki i upravleniia zdravookhraneniem im. N.A. Semashko RAMN, AO ''Assotsiatsiia ''Meditsinskaia literatura''","volume":"33 2","pages":"1599"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144044033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[The qualitative pre-scheduled medical examination as measure preventing development of occupational diseases in seamen].","authors":"M V Botnaryuk","doi":"10.32687/0869-866X-2025-33-2-236-242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32687/0869-866X-2025-33-2-236-242","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The marine and medical practice demonstrates that despite measures taken to ensure and preserve health of members of sea craft crew, there is still shortage of marine personnel due to resignation from profession due to illness that actualizes search for additional measures maintaining their working capacity. One of promising areas in this area is new approach in carrying out medical examinations of seafarers, during which additional medical procedures are performed to obtain better research results. Nevertheless, many foreign shipowners continue to accept medical reports without taking into account opinions of such particular specialists as cardiologist and urologist. In order to prevent assignment of crew members unsuitable for work at the sea, the article proposes measures eliminate problematic aspects in actions of seafarers and medical institutions at stage of carrying out pre-scheduled medical examination.It is necessary to increase quality control of this procedure, including at the expense of granting permission for its implementation only to organizations included in the unified register, which is to be composed in accordance with particular criteria. It is also proposed to use statistics data of examination results to develop recommendations maintaining health of crew members, considering identified individual characteristics.</p>","PeriodicalId":35946,"journal":{"name":"Problemy sotsial''noi gigieny i istoriia meditsiny / NII sotsial''noi gigieny, ekonomiki i upravleniia zdravookhraneniem im. N.A. Semashko RAMN, AO ''Assotsiatsiia ''Meditsinskaia literatura''","volume":"33 2","pages":"1601"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144001815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[The social demographic factors and modes of making an appointment with the doctor at primary level of health care].","authors":"A V Smyshlyaev, V A Shelgunov, N Y Stasevich, A B Ilyasov, S T Huseynova","doi":"10.32687/0869-866X-2025-33-2-255-258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32687/0869-866X-2025-33-2-255-258","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The article considers influence of social demographic factors on choosing mode of making appointment with physician in ambulatory polyclinic institutions of health care. The survey of population registered in medical organizations providing primary health care in out-patient conditions was carried out. The material was statistically analyzed. The relationship between choice of registration mode and such social demographic factors as gender, marital status and area of ​residence (urban/rural) was not detected. The relationship between registration mode and such social economic category as able-bodied and retired persons, employment and education level was established. These factors reflect activity of population and are have common economical origin. These factors affect digital maturity of population.The territorial planning related to health care in settlements with predominantly able-bodied population and high employment, emphasis is to be made on appointment through Internet network. In settlements with predominantly populated with persons of retired age and low employment emphasis is to be made on making appointments in person or through call center.</p>","PeriodicalId":35946,"journal":{"name":"Problemy sotsial''noi gigieny i istoriia meditsiny / NII sotsial''noi gigieny, ekonomiki i upravleniia zdravookhraneniem im. N.A. Semashko RAMN, AO ''Assotsiatsiia ''Meditsinskaia literatura''","volume":"33 2","pages":"1604"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144001363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}