{"title":"Energy-Efficient Rotary-Wing UAV Deployment Under Flight Dynamics and QoS Constraints","authors":"Uygar Demir, M. Ipek, C. Toker, Özgür Ekici","doi":"10.1109/BlackSeaCom.2019.8812816","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BlackSeaCom.2019.8812816","url":null,"abstract":"Energy efficiency will be one of the most important issues in regard to green communication and smart cities due to the boost in the number of devices in the beyond 5G networks. One type of these devices is the unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) that are expected to solve the coverage area, high data rate, and low latency problems of wireless communication in the future. Thus, energy-efficient deployment of the UAVs becomes a critical topic. In this paper, we have investigated that energy-efficient deployment problem of UAV with considering flight dynamics and QoS of the user to be served. First, the power consumption of a UAV during hovering is obtained by using the momentum and blade element theory. Then, while using a UAV as a flying base station, we propose a communication problem which aims to maximize the number of users that get service in an arbitrary geographic region under flight dynamics and QoS constraints. In our scenario, users in the network are assured the minimum mean SNR whereas the power consumption of the UAV is restricted with a certain amount of hovering power because of flight time considerations. In the numerical results, it is stated that while the power consumed in electrical circuitry and control units is around tens of watts, the required power for hovering is in the order of thousand watts. It is also shown that the hovering power depends on the altitudes of the cities on which the network is constructed. At the end of the paper, results for the proposed communication problem are provided.","PeriodicalId":359145,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE International Black Sea Conference on Communications and Networking (BlackSeaCom)","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132110164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"AOA Measurement Processing for Positioning using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles","authors":"G. Fokin","doi":"10.1109/BlackSeaCom.2019.8812834","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BlackSeaCom.2019.8812834","url":null,"abstract":"This paper considers 3D angle of arrival (AOA) measurements processing model for positioning a transmitter by cooperation of flying segment based on receiver station aboard Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) with terrestrial segment including stationary ground receiver station and confirms its practicability for handling Non-Line-Of-Sight (NLOS) problem. Positioning with UAVs is especially relevant for search and rescue (S&R) operations in heterogeneous terrain with inherent reflections resulting in primary measurements distortion. NLOS problem was thoroughly investigated for 2D scenarios with stationary ground receiver stations, however for 3D UAV based positioning this is a topic of ongoing research. In this paper relevant works for UAV based positioning were analyzed to explore advantages and shortcomings of AOA technique. The contribution of the current research is the refinement of model for positioning of radio transmitter with one stationary ground and one flying UAV based receiver station using AOA measurement processing, its performance evaluation with handling AOA noise in NLOS conditions, and comparison with Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB). Resulting estimates agree with known results and validate possibility to locate the transmitter in NLOS scenarios with just two stations when AOA deviation is less than 10 degrees.","PeriodicalId":359145,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE International Black Sea Conference on Communications and Networking (BlackSeaCom)","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122230997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Estimating the sustainability of cyber-physical systems based on spectral graph theory","authors":"E. Pavlenko, D. Zegzhda, A. Shtyrkina","doi":"10.1109/BlackSeaCom.2019.8812826","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BlackSeaCom.2019.8812826","url":null,"abstract":"Paper proposed an approach to estimating the sustainability of cyber-physical systems based on system state analysis. Authors suggested that sustainability is the system ability to reconfigure for recovering from attacking influences. Proposed a new criterion for cyber-physical systems sustainability assessment based on spectral graph theory. Numerical calculation of the criterion is based on distribution properties of the graph spectrum – the set of eigenvalues of the adjacency matrix corresponding to the graph. Experimental results have shown dependency of change in Δσ, difference between initial value of σstart and final σstop, on working route length, and on graph connectivity was revealed. This parameter is proposed to use as a criterion for CPS sustainability.","PeriodicalId":359145,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE International Black Sea Conference on Communications and Networking (BlackSeaCom)","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115909619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Optimizing Router Bypass Granularity Based on Traffic Behaviour","authors":"Fahad A. Ghonaim","doi":"10.1109/BlackSeaCom.2019.8812819","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BlackSeaCom.2019.8812819","url":null,"abstract":"Routers consume tremendous amounts of power, which increases their carbon foot-print. Router bypass is an efficient and power-saving solution to manage the dramatically growing data traffic. Router bypass has been shown to provide significant savings in network costs, but these advantages are limited by a reduction in statistical multiplexing associated with the subdivision of available bandwidth typically into bypass and traditional portions. G.709 Optical Transport Network (OTN) technology with its introduced features such as direct support for packets (i.e., Generic Framing Procedure) and the Hitless Adjustment of ODUflex (HAO) have paved the way for a more dynamic and finer-granularity transport layer. In this paper, we explore the impact of the dynamic granularity of provisioned bypass bandwidth and provisioning time on the efficacy of router bypass techniques. Dynamic bypass performed much better especially when traffic was more volatile. An OMNET++ simulation shows that dynamic bypassing reduced off-provisioned bandwidth by up to 300% compared to the traditional bypass and enhanced the overall throughput by 5%.","PeriodicalId":359145,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE International Black Sea Conference on Communications and Networking (BlackSeaCom)","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114950820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Jayakody, T. D. P. Perera, Muthu Chidambara Nathan, M. Hasna
{"title":"Self-energized Full-Duplex UAV-assisted Cooperative Communication Systems","authors":"D. Jayakody, T. D. P. Perera, Muthu Chidambara Nathan, M. Hasna","doi":"10.1109/BlackSeaCom.2019.8812864","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BlackSeaCom.2019.8812864","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we propose a unified energy harvesting scheme using wireless power transfer (WPT), simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) and loop-back self-interference energy harvesting (SI-EH) enabled full-duplex (FD) cooperative communication system for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). In contrast to traditional UAV assisted cooperative networks, here the UAV relies on alternative energy sources rather than pre-charged battery. Furthermore, the optimal time allocation for WPT and SWIPT scheme is obtained theoretically. Considering a delay-limited transmission mode, we derive an approximate close-form expression for the outage probability and the average throughput of the proposed system.","PeriodicalId":359145,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE International Black Sea Conference on Communications and Networking (BlackSeaCom)","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115193176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Efficient Recurrent Low-Latency Scheduling in IEEE 802.15.4e TSCH Networks","authors":"Glenn Daneels, Steven Latré, J. Famaey","doi":"10.1109/BlackSeaCom.2019.8812869","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BlackSeaCom.2019.8812869","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, the interest in the Time-Slotted Channel Hopping (TSCH) mode of the IEEE 802.15.4e MAC layer has grown significantly. It is used especially in both Internet-of-Things (IoT) and industrial networks. TSCH uses channel hopping to increase link reliability and manages a time slotted schedule that instructs every node which action to take to allow for low-power operation. In our previous work we introduced the distributed Recurrent Low-Latency Scheduling Function (ReSF) that manages the TSCH schedule in such a way that it is optimized for power-constrained sensor networks where each node periodically sends recurrent measurement data to a sink and low-latency dissemination of the data is required. This work presents a more efficient version of ReSF and introduces three new contributions. First, we provide heuristics for the collision solving algorithm of ReSF. Second, we provide an additional feature to better avoid schedule collisions. Finally, we add increased support for sporadic traffic in ReSF networks. Extensive experimental results show a latency improvement up to 45.3 % with our previous work and up to 65.1 % with a state-of-the-art low-latency scheduling function.","PeriodicalId":359145,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE International Black Sea Conference on Communications and Networking (BlackSeaCom)","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124824401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"BlackSeaCom 2019 Author Index","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/blackseacom.2019.8812852","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/blackseacom.2019.8812852","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":359145,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE International Black Sea Conference on Communications and Networking (BlackSeaCom)","volume":"91 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129576672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"IEEE 802.11ba — Extremely Low Power Wi-Fi for Massive Internet of Things — Challenges, Open Issues, Performance Evaluation","authors":"D. Bankov, E. Khorov, A. Lyakhov, E. Stepanova","doi":"10.1109/BlackSeaCom.2019.8812785","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BlackSeaCom.2019.8812785","url":null,"abstract":"Many recent activities of IEEE 802.11 Working group have been focused on improving power efficiency of Wi-Fi to make it favorable for massive Internet of Things scenarios, in which swarms of battery supplied sensors rarely communicate with remote servers. The latest step towards this direction is the work on a new IEEE 802.11ba amendment to the Wi-Fi standard, which introduces Wake-Up Radio. This radio is an additional interface with extremely low power consumption that is used to transmit control information from the access point to stations while their primary radio is switched off. This paper describes the IEEE 802.11ba protocol, discusses its open issues, investigates several approaches to provide energy efficient data transmission with 802.11ba, and evaluates how much 802.11ba improves energy efficiency and even reduces channel time consumption.","PeriodicalId":359145,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE International Black Sea Conference on Communications and Networking (BlackSeaCom)","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132071087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"BIoMT: Blockchain for the Internet of Medical Things","authors":"Mohamed A. M. Seliem, Khalid Elgazzar","doi":"10.1109/BlackSeaCom.2019.8812784","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BlackSeaCom.2019.8812784","url":null,"abstract":"The Internet of Things promises to connect more than 50 billion devices in a multitude of application domains. However, user privacy and security remain a major challenge in IoMT. In this paper, we present a work in progress for a lightweight blockchain based scheme aiming to secure the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT). The proposed approach consists of four main components: a cloud server, network cluster, medical facility, and smart medical devices. Each medical facility contains a “bolster”, a powerful computing device that operates as a gateway/server to support in-range smart medical devices. The bolster holds a private and secure block role. It is used to securely communicate with other blocks in the same blockchain. Experimental analysis shows that the proposed scheme presents a non-significant overhead; yet it brings major advantages to meet the standard security and privacy requirements in IoMT.","PeriodicalId":359145,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE International Black Sea Conference on Communications and Networking (BlackSeaCom)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130107875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"LTE-Based Network Virtualization Schemes Adaptation for M2M Deployments","authors":"Sylvia Gendy, Y. Gadallah","doi":"10.1109/BlackSeaCom.2019.8812876","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BlackSeaCom.2019.8812876","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the dramatic increase in the data traffic of different source types such as those of machine-to-machine (M2M) communications, many mobile operators are increasingly resorting to Network Virtualization (NV). It allows them to allocate their radio resources to different service types efficiently without affecting the Quality of Service (QoS) offered to their regular users. This study aims to adapt some of the leading NV schemes to the M2M traffic needs. This includes the Network Virtualization Substrate (NVS) which offers two forms of resource allocation among the sharing operators: resource-based and bandwidth-based. Another technique that we adapt is the Partial Resource Reservation (PRR) scheme where a portion of resources is reserved to each slice, to ensure a minimum service level while the rest is shared among all users. As Machine-Type Communication Devices (MTCDs) are currently used in delay-sensitive applications such as emergency operations, we aim to adjust these 3 virtualization schemes to the delay budget of each application. The schemes are simulated and compared to the performance of the static reservation (SR) of radio resources.","PeriodicalId":359145,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE International Black Sea Conference on Communications and Networking (BlackSeaCom)","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133588680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}