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Ion-selective electrolyte-gated field-effect transistors: prerequisites for proper functioning 离子选择性电解门控场效应晶体管:正常工作的先决条件
Optics & Photonics - Photonic Devices + Applications Pub Date : 2014-10-07 DOI: 10.1117/12.2063121
J. Kofler, K. Schmoltner, E. List‐Kratochvil
{"title":"Ion-selective electrolyte-gated field-effect transistors: prerequisites for proper functioning","authors":"J. Kofler, K. Schmoltner, E. List‐Kratochvil","doi":"10.1117/12.2063121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2063121","url":null,"abstract":"Electrolyte-gated organic field-effect transistors (EGOFETs) used as transducers and amplifiers in potentiometric sensors have recently attracted a significant amount of scientific interest. For that reason, the fundamental prerequisites to achieve a proper potentiometric signal amplification and transduction are examined. First, polarizable as well as non-polarizable semiconductor- and gate-electrolyte- interface combinations are investigated by normal pulse voltammetry. The results of these measurements are correlated with the corresponding transistor characteristics, clarifying the functional principle of EGOFETs and the requirements for high signal amplification. In addition to a good electrical performance, the EGOFET-transducers should also be compatible with the targeted sensing application. Accordingly, the influence of different gate materials and electrolytes on the sensing abilities, are discussed. Even though all physical requirements are met, EGOFETs typically exhibit irreversible degradation, if the gate potential exceeds a certain level. For that reason, EGOFETs have to be operated using a constant source-drain operation mode which is presented by means of an H+ (pH) sensitive ion-sensor.","PeriodicalId":358951,"journal":{"name":"Optics & Photonics - Photonic Devices + Applications","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115352695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Transient responses of liquid crystals for optical switching with microseconds: nanoseconds response speed 微秒级光开关液晶的瞬态响应:纳秒级响应速度
Optics & Photonics - Photonic Devices + Applications Pub Date : 2014-10-07 DOI: 10.1117/12.2060596
S. Zhao, K. L. Hong, I. Khoo
{"title":"Transient responses of liquid crystals for optical switching with microseconds: nanoseconds response speed","authors":"S. Zhao, K. L. Hong, I. Khoo","doi":"10.1117/12.2060596","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2060596","url":null,"abstract":"A critical analysis of various nonlinear mechanisms such as laser induced thermal/order parameter changes and flow orientation effects in nematic liquid crystal is presented, along with feasibility demonstrations of all-optical switching and optical image processing and tunable photonics using these mechanisms. The merits and limitation of nematics are discussed together with some preliminary results with Blue Phase liquid crystals that could circumvent some of the limitations.","PeriodicalId":358951,"journal":{"name":"Optics & Photonics - Photonic Devices + Applications","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126915695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Fast algorithms for liquid crystal modelling 液晶建模的快速算法
Optics & Photonics - Photonic Devices + Applications Pub Date : 2014-10-07 DOI: 10.1117/12.2059525
T. Bennett, Y. Murugesan, K. Daly, G. de Matteis, G. D’Alessandro
{"title":"Fast algorithms for liquid crystal modelling","authors":"T. Bennett, Y. Murugesan, K. Daly, G. de Matteis, G. D’Alessandro","doi":"10.1117/12.2059525","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2059525","url":null,"abstract":"We review different modeling and computational methods to determine the Q-tensor representation of the director field alignment in the absence of defects. Under this condition it is possible to represent the reorientation dynamics of the director field as the motion of the Q-tensor over an invariant manifold. This new representation allows us to develop very accurate codes for the alignment that are orders of magnitude faster than an equivalent full Q-tensor code. We illustrate this principle by discussing the case of a pure liquid crystal with or without flow and the case of a liquid crystal doped with fixed metallic nano-inclusions.","PeriodicalId":358951,"journal":{"name":"Optics & Photonics - Photonic Devices + Applications","volume":"81 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132755053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Arbitrary 2D GRIN lens fabrication in diffusive photopolymers 漫射光聚合物中任意二维GRIN透镜的制造
Optics & Photonics - Photonic Devices + Applications Pub Date : 2014-10-07 DOI: 10.1117/12.2064659
A. C. Urness, Ken E. Anderson, W. Wilson, R. McLeod
{"title":"Arbitrary 2D GRIN lens fabrication in diffusive photopolymers","authors":"A. C. Urness, Ken E. Anderson, W. Wilson, R. McLeod","doi":"10.1117/12.2064659","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2064659","url":null,"abstract":"We introduce a new method to make gradient index (GRIN) lenses in diffusive photopolymers with nearly arbitrary two-dimensional (2D) profiles. By modulating the 2D intensity pattern and power of the exposure with a deformable mirror device (DMD), the index profile of the GRIN lens can be controlled. Combined with the self-developing nature of the photophotopolymer, rapid on-demand printing of arbitrary micro-optics is enabled. We demonstrate the process by fabricating quadratic GRIN lenses, Zernike polynomials and multi-focal lenses.","PeriodicalId":358951,"journal":{"name":"Optics & Photonics - Photonic Devices + Applications","volume":"9181 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129928617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Optical method for making spatially and temporally resolved measurements of the hole concentration in organic electrochemical transistors 对有机电化学晶体管中空穴浓度进行时空分辨测量的光学方法
Optics & Photonics - Photonic Devices + Applications Pub Date : 2014-10-07 DOI: 10.1117/12.2063564
J. Friedlein, S. Shaheen, R. McLeod
{"title":"Optical method for making spatially and temporally resolved measurements of the hole concentration in organic electrochemical transistors","authors":"J. Friedlein, S. Shaheen, R. McLeod","doi":"10.1117/12.2063564","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2063564","url":null,"abstract":"Electrochemical reduction and oxidation of PEDOT:PSS are used to modulate the channel current in organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs). In addition to changing PEDOT conductivity over more than 4 orders of magnitude, these redox reactions cause a shift in the PEDOT:PSS absorption spectrum. In this work we have used this shift in the absorption spectrum to make spatially and temporally resolved measurements of the redox state of PEDOT:PSS. By applying these measurements to the PEDOT:PSS in an OECT channel, we have shown that the redox state of the PEDOT:PSS is not constant along the channel during transistor operation. Furthermore, we have shown that the time constant of the optical transition is significantly larger near the transistor source than it is near the transistor drain. These results are not considered in existing models of the OECT transient response, and they may lead to a better understanding of geometry-performance relationships in OECTs.","PeriodicalId":358951,"journal":{"name":"Optics & Photonics - Photonic Devices + Applications","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120987877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Design and fabrication strategies for high transparency polymer nanocomposites with dynamic tunable optical response 具有动态可调光学响应的高透明聚合物纳米复合材料的设计与制造策略
Optics & Photonics - Photonic Devices + Applications Pub Date : 2014-10-07 DOI: 10.1117/12.2062967
Alei Dang, C. Hui, K. Matyjaszewski, M. Bockstaller
{"title":"Design and fabrication strategies for high transparency polymer nanocomposites with dynamic tunable optical response","authors":"Alei Dang, C. Hui, K. Matyjaszewski, M. Bockstaller","doi":"10.1117/12.2062967","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2062967","url":null,"abstract":"Optical sensors that are applied in conjunction with bright optical sources such as lasers typically have to be protected from damaging light exposure levels by the use of optical limiters. The principal aims for optical limiter materials are: (1) to block selectively the frequency of interest at high light levels and – at low light levels – exhibit high transmittance of optical frequencies in order to enable the fabrication of transparent yet protective windows; (2) a rapid response time when exposed to high light levels. Novel opportunities for the design of materials with dynamic switchable limiting properties are provided by optically transparent two-photon active polymer nanocomposites materials in which the scattering strength of embedded particle fillers can be dynamically modulated by the nonlinear absorption of a polymer host medium. In a first part this contribution will present recent results on the synthesis of silica nanoparticles that are index-matched to organic solvents by means of polymer functionalization. Effective medium theory will be shown to provide a valuable tool in predicting polymer-graft compositions that are index-matched to the embedding solvent thus resulting in dramatically reduced linear scattering cross section of the particle dispersant. The second part of this contribution will present preliminary results on the linear and nonlinear optical properties of particle dispersions in both solvent and solutions of two-photon active (TPA) dyes. For mixed solutions of TPA-dyes and index-matched particle fillers an increased limiting efficiency is observed while neat particles are found to be TPA inactive.","PeriodicalId":358951,"journal":{"name":"Optics & Photonics - Photonic Devices + Applications","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124224059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Investigation of charge injection characteristics in diketopyrrolopyrrole ambipolar semiconducting polymers 二酮吡咯二吡咯双极性半导体聚合物的电荷注入特性研究
Optics & Photonics - Photonic Devices + Applications Pub Date : 2014-10-07 DOI: 10.1117/12.2061658
S. Lee, Seok-Heon Jung, Jin‐Kyun Lee, Cheawon Kim, Mi Jung Lee
{"title":"Investigation of charge injection characteristics in diketopyrrolopyrrole ambipolar semiconducting polymers","authors":"S. Lee, Seok-Heon Jung, Jin‐Kyun Lee, Cheawon Kim, Mi Jung Lee","doi":"10.1117/12.2061658","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2061658","url":null,"abstract":"A semiconducting polymers with conjugated diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) unit was developed for high performance ambipolar organic field-effect transistors (OFETs). We report electrical characteristics of DPP OFETs in various ways which measured transistor and inverter performance with various bias conditions and self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) treatment. Ambipolar DPP conjugated polymer OFETs showed high hole and electron mobility of μh=0.57 cm2V-1s-1 and μe=0.51 cm2V-1s-1 with O2 plasma treatment and 1-decanethiol SAMs treatment, respectively with annealing at 100°C. Contact resistance effect on mobilities was investigated by measuring contact resistance during device operation through gated four-point probe (gFPP) and simultaneous contact resistance extraction model directly from current voltage characteristics.","PeriodicalId":358951,"journal":{"name":"Optics & Photonics - Photonic Devices + Applications","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124412652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Nanobump assembly for plasmonic organic solar cells 等离子体有机太阳能电池的纳米碰撞组件
Optics & Photonics - Photonic Devices + Applications Pub Date : 2014-10-06 DOI: 10.1117/12.2061323
Hyung‐Jun Song, Kinam Jung, Gunhee Lee, Youngjun Ko, Jong-Kwon Lee, Mansoo Choi, Changhee Lee
{"title":"Nanobump assembly for plasmonic organic solar cells","authors":"Hyung‐Jun Song, Kinam Jung, Gunhee Lee, Youngjun Ko, Jong-Kwon Lee, Mansoo Choi, Changhee Lee","doi":"10.1117/12.2061323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2061323","url":null,"abstract":"We demonstrate novel plasmonic organic solar cells (OSCs) by embedding an easy processible nanobump assembly (NBA) for harnessing more light. The NBA is consisted of precisely size-controlled Ag nanoparticles (NPs) generated by an aerosol process at atmospheric pressure and thermally deposited molybdenum oxide (MoO3) layer which follows the underlying nano structure of NPs. The active layer, spin-casted polymer blend solution, has an undulated structure conformably covering the NBA structure. To find the optimal condition of the NBA structure for enhancing light harvest as well as carrier transfer, we systematically investigate the effect of the size of Ag NPs and the MoO3 coverage on the device performance. It is observed that the photocurrent of device increases as the size of Ag NP increases owing to enhanced plasmonic and scattering effect. In addition, the increased light absorption is effectively transferred to the photocurrent with small carrier losses, when the Ag NPs are fully covered by the MoO3 layer. As a result, the NBA structure consisted of 40 nm Ag NPs enclosed by 20 nm MoO3 layer leads to 18% improvement in the power conversion efficiency compared to the device without the NBA structure. Therefore, the NBA plasmonic structure provides a reliable and efficient light harvesting in a broad range of wavelength, which consequently enhances the performance of organic solar cells.","PeriodicalId":358951,"journal":{"name":"Optics & Photonics - Photonic Devices + Applications","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125137204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Multiscale study of the effect of solvent on the glass transition temperature, molecule diffusion, and reorientation of P3HT-PCBM 溶剂对P3HT-PCBM玻璃化转变温度、分子扩散和重取向影响的多尺度研究
Optics & Photonics - Photonic Devices + Applications Pub Date : 2014-10-06 DOI: 10.1117/12.2061735
Min Huang, Manhua Liu
{"title":"Multiscale study of the effect of solvent on the glass transition temperature, molecule diffusion, and reorientation of P3HT-PCBM","authors":"Min Huang, Manhua Liu","doi":"10.1117/12.2061735","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2061735","url":null,"abstract":"Exciton transport plays an important role in the overall exciton dissociation process and must be optimized to yield high efficient OPV device. In this contribution, the influence of solvents and the nanoscale phase separations they caused on the glass transition temperatures (Tg) of P3HT-PCBM mixture were studied by reverse mapping mesoscale simulation results back to the molecular dynamics. Glass transition temperatures of P3HT-PCBM without solvent and with chloroform, dichlorobenzene, and chlorobenzene were obtained. Diffusion and reorientation ability of molecules and their subgroups at the temperature near Tg were also discussed.","PeriodicalId":358951,"journal":{"name":"Optics & Photonics - Photonic Devices + Applications","volume":"9184 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129231561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Degradation effects on charge carrier transport in P3HT:PCBM solar cells studied by Photo-CELIV and ToF 利用photoceliv和ToF研究了降解对P3HT:PCBM太阳能电池载流子输运的影响
Optics & Photonics - Photonic Devices + Applications Pub Date : 2014-10-06 DOI: 10.1117/12.2061857
M. Stephen, S. Karuthedath, T. Sauermann, K. Genevičius, G. Juška
{"title":"Degradation effects on charge carrier transport in P3HT:PCBM solar cells studied by Photo-CELIV and ToF","authors":"M. Stephen, S. Karuthedath, T. Sauermann, K. Genevičius, G. Juška","doi":"10.1117/12.2061857","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2061857","url":null,"abstract":"Oxygen induced degradation is one of the major problems in the field of organic photovoltaics. Photo-degradation impacts on performance of inverted bulk hetero junction poly(3-hexylthiophene) : phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (P3HT:PCBM) solar cells has been investigated by means of charge extraction by linearly increasing voltage (CELIV) and time of flight (ToF) methods. The irreversible loss in short circuit current (Jsc) can be attributed to a combination of adverse effects such as loss in mobility of the charge carrires, increase in trapping effect and sheilding of electric field by equilibrium carriers upon degradation.","PeriodicalId":358951,"journal":{"name":"Optics & Photonics - Photonic Devices + Applications","volume":"9184 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131306198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
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