Journal of Ethics最新文献

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Self-Inflicted Frankfurt-Style Cases and Flickers of Freedom 自己造成的法兰克福式案件和自由的闪烁
Journal of Ethics Pub Date : 2023-11-04 DOI: 10.1007/s10892-023-09464-3
Michael Robinson
{"title":"Self-Inflicted Frankfurt-Style Cases and Flickers of Freedom","authors":"Michael Robinson","doi":"10.1007/s10892-023-09464-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10892-023-09464-3","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract According to the most popular versions of the flicker defense, Frankfurt-style cases fail to undermine the Principle of Alternative Possibilities (PAP) because agents in these cases are (directly) morally responsible not for making the decisions they make but for making these decisions on their own , which is something they could have avoided doing. Frankfurt defenders have primarily focused on trying to show that the alternative possibility of refraining from making the relevant decisions on their own is not a robust alternative, while generally granting that this alternative cannot easily be eliminated from successful cases of this sort. In a recent issue of this journal, Stockdale (2022) attempts to sidestep the debate concerning robustness and develops a novel kind of Frankfurt-style case in which agents are unable to avoid making the relevant decisions on their own. The fundamental problem with Stockdale’s argument is that it hinges on an implausible conception of acting on one’s own. I help clarify the pertinent sense of what it means to do a thing on one’s own in this context and show that these new cases are unable to overcome the targeted versions of the flicker defense of PAP.","PeriodicalId":35843,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ethics","volume":"22 11","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135774035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Kant on the Normativity of Obligatory Ends 康德论义务目的的规范性
Journal of Ethics Pub Date : 2023-11-03 DOI: 10.1007/s10892-023-09463-4
Martin Sticker
{"title":"Kant on the Normativity of Obligatory Ends","authors":"Martin Sticker","doi":"10.1007/s10892-023-09463-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10892-023-09463-4","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract I propose a novel way to understand the stringency of Kant’s conception of beneficence. This novel understanding can ground our intuition that we do not have to forego (almost) all pursuit of our personal ends. I argue that we should understand the application of imperfect duties to specific cases according to the framework set by the adoption and promotion of ends. Agents have other ends than obligatory ones and they must weigh obligatory ends against these other ends. Obligatory ends are special among ends only insofar as their adoption is not optional. My reading of the normative status of imperfect duties affords a way of thinking about beneficence modelled on the everyday ways in which agents pursue their personal projects and weigh different ends against each other. This establishes a middle-ground between an extremely demanding conception of beneficence and an overly latitudinarian one. Furthermore, it helps us understand why we do not have to be maximally beneficent and why there is a bias towards the near in our thinking about rescue cases.","PeriodicalId":35843,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ethics","volume":"37 16","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135820052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Employers have a Duty of Beneficence to Design for Meaningful Work: A General Argument and Logistics Warehouses as a Case Study 雇主有义务为有意义的工作而设计:一个一般性的论点和以物流仓库为例的研究
Journal of Ethics Pub Date : 2023-10-26 DOI: 10.1007/s10892-023-09442-9
Jilles Smids, Hannah Berkers, Pascale Le Blanc, Sonja Rispens, Sven Nyholm
{"title":"Employers have a Duty of Beneficence to Design for Meaningful Work: A General Argument and Logistics Warehouses as a Case Study","authors":"Jilles Smids, Hannah Berkers, Pascale Le Blanc, Sonja Rispens, Sven Nyholm","doi":"10.1007/s10892-023-09442-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10892-023-09442-9","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Artificial intelligence-driven technology increasingly shapes work practices and, accordingly, employees’ opportunities for meaningful work (MW). In our paper, we identify five dimensions of MW: pursuing a purpose, social relationships, exercising skills and self-development, autonomy, self-esteem and recognition. Because MW is an important good, lacking opportunities for MW is a serious disadvantage. Therefore, we need to know to what extent employers have a duty to provide this good to their employees. We hold that employers have a duty of beneficence to design for opportunities for MW when implementing AI-technology in the workplace. We argue that this duty of beneficence is supported by the three major ethical theories, namely, Kantian ethics, consequentialism, and virtue ethics. We defend this duty against two objections, including the view that it is incompatible with the shareholder theory of the firm. We then employ the five dimensions of MW as our analytical lens to investigate how AI-based technological innovation in logistic warehouses has an impact, both positively and negatively, on MW, and illustrate that design for MW is feasible. We further support this practical feasibility with the help of insights from organizational psychology. We end by discussing how AI-based technology has an impact both on meaningful work (often seen as an aspirational goal) and decent work (generally seen as a matter of justice). Accordingly, ethical reflection on meaningful and decent work should become more integrated to do justice to how AI-technology inevitably shapes both simultaneously.","PeriodicalId":35843,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ethics","volume":"43 8","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134908094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Moral Perception as Imaginative Apprehension 作为想象理解的道德感知
Journal of Ethics Pub Date : 2023-10-21 DOI: 10.1007/s10892-023-09462-5
Yanni Ratajczyk
{"title":"Moral Perception as Imaginative Apprehension","authors":"Yanni Ratajczyk","doi":"10.1007/s10892-023-09462-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10892-023-09462-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35843,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ethics","volume":"119 11","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135511408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
50 Years of Dirty Hands: An Overview 《脏手50年:概览
Journal of Ethics Pub Date : 2023-10-17 DOI: 10.1007/s10892-023-09459-0
Christina Nick, Stephen de Wijze
{"title":"50 Years of Dirty Hands: An Overview","authors":"Christina Nick, Stephen de Wijze","doi":"10.1007/s10892-023-09459-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10892-023-09459-0","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This chapter introduces the Special Issue and offers an overview of the corpus of work on the topic since the publication of Michael Walzer’s seminal article, ‘Political Action: The Problem of Dirty Hands’.","PeriodicalId":35843,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ethics","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135994995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Solidarity Among Strangers During Natural Disasters: How Economic Insights May Improve Our Understanding of Virtues 自然灾害中陌生人之间的团结:经济见解如何提高我们对美德的理解
Journal of Ethics Pub Date : 2023-10-17 DOI: 10.1007/s10892-023-09460-7
Alexander Reese, Ingo Pies
{"title":"Solidarity Among Strangers During Natural Disasters: How Economic Insights May Improve Our Understanding of Virtues","authors":"Alexander Reese, Ingo Pies","doi":"10.1007/s10892-023-09460-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10892-023-09460-7","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The renaissance of Aristotelian virtue ethics has produced an extensive philosophical literature that criticizes markets for a lack of virtues. Drawing on Michael Sandel’s virtue-ethical critique of price gouging during natural disasters, we (1) identify and clarify serious misunderstandings in recurring price-gouging debates between virtue-ethical critics and economists. Subsequently, (2) we respond to Sandel’s call for interdisciplinary dialogue. However, instead of solely calling on economics to embrace insights from virtue ethics, we prefer a two-sided version of interdisciplinary dialogue and argue that virtue ethics should embrace economic insights. In particular, we argue that if virtue ethics is to preserve its social relevance under modern conditions, it should re-conceptualize its notion of virtue and re-evaluate the self-interested but effective—and in this sense solidary—help among strangers via markets as virtuous rather than devaluate it as greed, that is, as vicious price gouging.","PeriodicalId":35843,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ethics","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136032631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
In Hindsight: An Essay Concerning My Limited Moral Understanding 后见之明:一篇关于我有限的道德理解的文章
Journal of Ethics Pub Date : 2023-10-13 DOI: 10.1007/s10892-023-09461-6
Niklas Forsberg
{"title":"In Hindsight: An Essay Concerning My Limited Moral Understanding","authors":"Niklas Forsberg","doi":"10.1007/s10892-023-09461-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10892-023-09461-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35843,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ethics","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135858667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Automation, Alignment, and the Cooperative Interface 自动化、对齐和协作接口
Journal of Ethics Pub Date : 2023-10-13 DOI: 10.1007/s10892-023-09449-2
Julian David Jonker
{"title":"Automation, Alignment, and the Cooperative Interface","authors":"Julian David Jonker","doi":"10.1007/s10892-023-09449-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10892-023-09449-2","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The paper demonstrates that social alignment is distinct from value alignment as it is currently understood in the AI safety literature, and argues that social alignment is an important research agenda. Work provides an important example for the argument, since work is a cooperative endeavor, and it is part of the larger manifold of social cooperation. These cooperative aspects of work are individually and socially valuable, and so they must be given a central place when evaluating the impact of AI upon work. Workplace technologies are not simply instruments for achieving productive goals, but ways of mediating interpersonal relations. They are aspects of a cooperative interface i.e. the infrastructure by which we engage cooperative behavior with others. The concept of the cooperative interface suggests two conjectures to foreground in the social alignment agenda, motivated by the experience of algorithmic trading and social robotics: that AI impacts cooperation through its effects on social networks, and through its effects on social norms.","PeriodicalId":35843,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ethics","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135859048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Political Violence: The Problem of Dirty Hands 政治暴力:脏手的问题
Journal of Ethics Pub Date : 2023-09-26 DOI: 10.1007/s10892-023-09447-4
Christopher J Finlay
{"title":"Political Violence: The Problem of Dirty Hands","authors":"Christopher J Finlay","doi":"10.1007/s10892-023-09447-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10892-023-09447-4","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper argues that the reason why political leadership often involves dirty hands is because of its relationship with violence. To make the case, it maintains that violent means create and assert a form of dominating power that is in tension with the proper ends of political action. This power casts a wide shadow, frequently dominating large numbers of non-targets and empowering unscrupulous agents. On the other side of the balance, characteristically political justifications for violence are ‘supra-moral,’ meaning that they are motivated by the value of a conception of morality taken as a whole (or, indeed, morality as such) rather than by any particular moral value. The weight that ought to be given to such ends is indeterminate in a way that makes uncancelled remainders arising from the evil of violence likely in many cases.","PeriodicalId":35843,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ethics","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134960288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Applications of the Wide Reflective Equilibrium 宽反射平衡的应用
Journal of Ethics Pub Date : 2023-09-22 DOI: 10.1007/s10892-023-09458-1
Kevin Helms
{"title":"Applications of the Wide Reflective Equilibrium","authors":"Kevin Helms","doi":"10.1007/s10892-023-09458-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10892-023-09458-1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The wide reflective equilibrium (WRE) is considered the most important method of ethical justification and is intensively discussed in the scientific community. However, it is unclear to what extent it is actually applied in the ethical literature. The objective of this paper is to fill this gap by providing a critical overview of its explicit applications. Explicit application refers to studies that, following Daniels’ definition, contain three levels, name their elements, and provide a connection between the levels. Philosophers Index, ProQuest, PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched for studies that explicitly used the WRE method and were written in German or English. All topics, disciplines, and publication forms were considered. Nineteen studies were found in which the WRE was applied 23 times. In the 23 applications, 50 equilibria were discussed, and 19 times it was reported that an equilibrium state was reached. The authors applied the WRE in various disciplines, for different purposes, and to diverse topics. The applications themselves differed considerably regarding the application procedure and the scope. Differences can be seen in particular with regard to the presentation of the adjustment process and the WRE criteria used. The results indicate that the WRE can be successfully applied, but the number of explicit applications is still very low. Further research is needed to develop the WRE into an established method of justification. In particular, standards are needed for adjustment and for WRE criteria.","PeriodicalId":35843,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ethics","volume":"2015 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136058781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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