Endri Goshi, M. Jarschel, R. Pries, Mu He, W. Kellerer
{"title":"Investigating Inter-NF Dependencies in Cloud-Native 5G Core Networks","authors":"Endri Goshi, M. Jarschel, R. Pries, Mu He, W. Kellerer","doi":"10.23919/CNSM52442.2021.9615565","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/CNSM52442.2021.9615565","url":null,"abstract":"The increasing popularity of cloud-native approaches has led to their wide adoption in the telecommunications industry. 5G Core Networks (5GCN) are developed to take advantage of cloud-native design principles, with a high degree of functional decomposition and distributed deployment. This results in implications in inter-Network Function (NF) dependencies that need to be studied. This work focuses on investigating the effect that these dependencies have in how the resources are utilized from the 5GCN NFs. We consider a private cloud environment where a reference 5G Core implementation, namely Free5GC, is deployed and orchestrated with Kubernetes. In addition, a gNB & UE Emulator is developed to allow for the execution of different control plane procedures. Our evaluations highlight the importance of catering for the inter-NF dependencies in achieving efficient resource utilization as well as avoiding deployments where a single NF can bottleneck the entire 5GCN.","PeriodicalId":358223,"journal":{"name":"2021 17th International Conference on Network and Service Management (CNSM)","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120962136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Caching Video on Demand in Radio Clusters","authors":"Furkan Murat, E. Onur","doi":"10.23919/CNSM52442.2021.9615606","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/CNSM52442.2021.9615606","url":null,"abstract":"Densification of mobile networks leads to some problems such as overloaded backhaul and increased latency. Base stations may not always have fiber backhauls. For such cases, radio links are employed between base stations towards a base station that has a high capacity backhaul link. Those set of base stations that are connected to the hub over radio links are called radio clusters. We propose caching in radio clusters for decreasing the video streaming load on radio links. We define an optimization problem to determine the cache locations for video-on-demand segments considering user requirements. We tested our model with different radio cluster configurations concentrating on the size of the radio cluster, the number of users, and the number of demanded videos. Significant gains can be attained by employing the proposed cache placement and replication solution in radio clusters.","PeriodicalId":358223,"journal":{"name":"2021 17th International Conference on Network and Service Management (CNSM)","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122488846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A compact 5G Non-Public Network","authors":"Dániel Ficzere, G. Soós, P. Varga","doi":"10.23919/CNSM52442.2021.9615528","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/CNSM52442.2021.9615528","url":null,"abstract":"5G is aimed to play a key role in the digital transformation of the smart manufacturing industry. 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) has introduced technical features for Non-Public Networks (NPN), allowing highly flexible and dedicated 5G deployments for Industry 4.0 applications. This paper presents insights into the main challenges of 5G NPNs and how we created a portable and compact 5G NPN solution. Our contribution is twofold: (i) we have identified the main concepts for the NPN and designed its architecture; (ii) we have implemented and validated it. This NPN can operate simply with mains electricity input, independently from the public network and public services of the MNO. Such a solution can be an excellent candidate for research purposes due to the very easy deployment, but it is also suitable for commercial, industrial usage.","PeriodicalId":358223,"journal":{"name":"2021 17th International Conference on Network and Service Management (CNSM)","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116616997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Papadakis, T. Theodorou, L. Mamatas, S. Petridou
{"title":"An experimentation environment for SDN-based autonomous vehicles in smart cities","authors":"A. Papadakis, T. Theodorou, L. Mamatas, S. Petridou","doi":"10.23919/CNSM52442.2021.9615509","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/CNSM52442.2021.9615509","url":null,"abstract":"The emerging Internet of Things (IoT) in conjunction with Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) have increased the complexity of network administration and control. In this context, recent proposals bring together Software-Defined Networks (SDNs) with AVs practices, i.e., introducing innovative network control strategies bespoke for smart city infrastructures. However, an experimentation environment that combines the realism of an AVs ecosystem with the SDN network paradigm is a necessity, facilitating the investigation of particular research issues, including efficient data management and routing, as well as security. In this demo, we introduce a relevant facility that builds-up on novel open environments for hands-on experimentation, namely: (i) CARLA, an open realistic urban-driving simulator; (ii) Cooja, a state-of-the-art emulator for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs); and (iii) SD-MIoT, a novel SDN solution for mobile IoT. Our experimentation exercise currently focuses on maintaining connectivity of AVs to the fixed infrastructure, e.g., Road Side Units (RSUs), with SDN strategies. We demonstrate the capabilities of the proposed experimentation environment with proof-of-concept results on packet delivery ratio and control overhead, quantifying the efficiency of the considered SDN approach to maintain AV connectivity, as well as with a video visualizing the outcome of our experiments.","PeriodicalId":358223,"journal":{"name":"2021 17th International Conference on Network and Service Management (CNSM)","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123340018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An Intent-Driven Orchestration of Cognitive Autonomous Networks for RAN management","authors":"Anubhab Banerjee, Stephen S. Mwanje, G. Carle","doi":"10.23919/CNSM52442.2021.9615505","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/CNSM52442.2021.9615505","url":null,"abstract":"Intent Based Networks (IBNs) are mainly used to transform a user's intent into network configuration, operation, and maintenance strategies. In this paper we propose an a generic end-to-end design of an intent based network management system which we further customize to use in RAN control parameter and KPI management utilizing an existing technology (Cognitive Autonomous Network (CAN)). We introduce three new concepts in intent based network management: intent specification platform (ISP), formal intent and Intent Fulfillment System (IFS), which are not only relevant for this specific use case but can also be used by other network components. We discuss how our proposed solution can be implemented in Python as a standalone module so that it can be used with suitable networking simulators. Along with these, we also provide an overview of standardization impact of our research to show that it conforms with the worldwide mobile network management standardization efforts.","PeriodicalId":358223,"journal":{"name":"2021 17th International Conference on Network and Service Management (CNSM)","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114857600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sepehr Taeb, Nashid Shahriar, Samir Chowdhury, M. Tornatore, R. Boutaba, J. Mitra, Mahdi Hemmati
{"title":"Reoptimizing Network Slice Embedding on EON-enabled Transport Networks","authors":"Sepehr Taeb, Nashid Shahriar, Samir Chowdhury, M. Tornatore, R. Boutaba, J. Mitra, Mahdi Hemmati","doi":"10.23919/CNSM52442.2021.9615515","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/CNSM52442.2021.9615515","url":null,"abstract":"5G transport networks will support dynamic services with diverse requirements through network slicing. Elastic Optical Networks (EONs) facilitate transport network slicing by flexible spectrum allocation and tuning of transmission configurations such as modulation format and forward error correction. A major challenge in supporting dynamic services is the lack of a priori knowledge of future slice requests. In consequence, slice embedding can become sub-optimal over time, leading to spectrum fragmentation and skewed utilization. This in turn can block future slice requests, impacting operator revenue. Therefore, operators need to periodically re-optimize slice embedding for reducing fragmentation. In this paper, we address this problem of re-optimizing network slice embedding on EONs for minimizing fragmentation. The problem is solved in its splittable version, which significantly increases problem complexity, but offers more opportunities for a larger set of re-configuration actions. We employ simulated annealing for systematically exploring the large solution space. We also propose a greedy algorithm to address the practical constraint to limit the number of re-configuration steps taken to reach a defragmentated state. Our extensive simulations demonstrate that the greedy algorithm yields a solution very close to that obtained using simulated annealing while requiring orders of magnitude lesser number of re-configuration actions.","PeriodicalId":358223,"journal":{"name":"2021 17th International Conference on Network and Service Management (CNSM)","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125232735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Figure of Merit for a Multi-Generation Network","authors":"D. Ramsook, Daniel Mahatoo, Patrick Hosein","doi":"10.23919/CNSM52442.2021.9615600","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/CNSM52442.2021.9615600","url":null,"abstract":"Many Telecommunications providers now support multiple generations of wireless standards in their network. For example, some providers simultaneously support 2G, 3G, 4G and even 5G standards. Upper management generally need a high level view of the performance being provided to consumers on a regular basis. In addition, engineers need to monitor the health of each technology in order to determine problems and be able to react quickly. We provide a framework for determination of a single Figure of Merit (FoM) that can be used for high level monitoring while at the same time providing sufficiently valuable low level indicators to assist with the isolation and detection of problems. We illustrate this framework using data from a real cellular network.","PeriodicalId":358223,"journal":{"name":"2021 17th International Conference on Network and Service Management (CNSM)","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133138427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nikolas Wehner, Michael Seufert, Joshua Schüler, P. Casas, T. Hossfeld
{"title":"How are your Apps Doing? QoE Inference and Analysis in Mobile Devices","authors":"Nikolas Wehner, Michael Seufert, Joshua Schüler, P. Casas, T. Hossfeld","doi":"10.23919/CNSM52442.2021.9615549","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/CNSM52442.2021.9615549","url":null,"abstract":"Web browsing has become the most important application of the Internet for the end user. When it comes to mobile devices, web services are mainly accessed through apps. This paper tackles the problem of Web Quality of Experience (QoE) in mobile devices, with a specific focus on apps QoE monitoring and analysis, using in-network (encrypted) traffic measurements. Measuring apps QoE is complex, not only from an instrumentation point of view, but also from the heterogeneity of user interactions which might realize substantially different user experience. To this end, we conduct a feasibility study on four specific and popular Android apps and their corresponding web services. Our test automation framework emulates and measures different user interactions commonly executed during an app session, including the app startup, clicking, scrolling, and searching. The resulting traffic is characterized on different dimensions, and machine learning models are trained to identify web services, apps, and user interactions, and to infer their QoE. The proposed models can correctly identify the specific web service and app in 86% of the cases and accurately estimate the associated QoE with small errors. Our preliminary study represents a first step towards an in-network, web QoE monitoring solution for mobile-device apps.","PeriodicalId":358223,"journal":{"name":"2021 17th International Conference on Network and Service Management (CNSM)","volume":"118 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128825834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Network Slicing for Deterministic Latency","authors":"Sébastien Martin, P. Medagliani, Jérémie Leguay","doi":"10.23919/CNSM52442.2021.9615576","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/CNSM52442.2021.9615576","url":null,"abstract":"Deterministic performance is a key enabler for 5G applications. While specific data-plane solutions have been proposed to reach a low deterministic end-to-end latency and jitter, legacy round-robin schedulers can already be used to guarantee bounds on the end-to-end latency, when associated with per-flow shapers. In this context, we propose a latency-guaranteed network slicing solution that trades-off between complexity and performance. We propose control plane algorithms to configure sub-channelized interfaces with an independent QoS scheduler at each physical port used by a slice. The algorithms allocate service rates and decide about queue assignments and routing inside each slice. Through numerical results on large network topologies, we demonstrate that our column-generation and two-steps algorithms can improve traffic acceptance while reducing the amount of reserved capacity.","PeriodicalId":358223,"journal":{"name":"2021 17th International Conference on Network and Service Management (CNSM)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127814008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shwetha Vittal, Sourav Sarkar, Prashanth P S, Antony Franklin A
{"title":"A Zero Touch Emulation Framework for Network Slicing Management in a 5G Core Testbed","authors":"Shwetha Vittal, Sourav Sarkar, Prashanth P S, Antony Franklin A","doi":"10.23919/CNSM52442.2021.9615531","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/CNSM52442.2021.9615531","url":null,"abstract":"Network slicing is one of the core features of the 5G network to meet the requirements of various network services, namely, enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB), ultra Reliable Low Latency Communications (uRLLC), and massive Machine Type Communication (mMTC) by building an isolated virtual network of resources typically in a Network Function Virtualization (NFV) environment. We have built a 3GPP compliant 5G Core (5GC) testbed and enabled network slicing on it to provide eMBB, uRLLC, and mMTC services to end users. In this demonstration, we showcase the capabilities of our zero-touch framework of 5GC network slicing management and orchestration in an NFV environment with the network functions of 5GC and the applications on eMBB and uRLLC slice services. We believe that this work will guide Mobile Network Operator (MNO)s in building zero-touch autonomous network slices in 5GC along with their smart management and orchestration in closed loop automation.","PeriodicalId":358223,"journal":{"name":"2021 17th International Conference on Network and Service Management (CNSM)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125862056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}