International Journal of Automotive Manufacturing and Materials最新文献

{"title":"Catalytic NOx Aftertreatment—Towards Ultra-Low NOx Mobility","authors":"N. Sandhu, Xiao Yu, Ming Zheng","doi":"10.53941/ijamm.2024.100004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53941/ijamm.2024.100004","url":null,"abstract":"Article\u0000Catalytic NOx Aftertreatment—Towards Ultra-Low NOx Mobility\u0000\u0000Navjot Sandhu * , Xiao Yu, and Ming Zheng\u0000\u0000\u0000Department of Mechanical, Automotive and Materials Engineering, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Avenue, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada\u0000* Correspondence: sandh12p@uwindsor.ca\u0000 \u0000 \u0000Received: 26 January 2024\u0000Accepted: 13 March 2024\u0000Published: 20 March 2024\u0000 \u0000\u0000Abstract: The push for environmental protection and sustainability has led to strict emission regulations for automotive manufacturers as evident in EURO VII and EPA2027 requirements. The challenge lies in maintaining fuel efficiency and simultaneously reducing the carbon footprint while meeting future emission regulations. Nitrogen oxides represent one of the major and most regulated components of automotive emissions. The need to meet the stringent requirements regarding NOx emissions in both SI and CI engines has led to the development of a range of in-cylinder strategies and after-treatment techniques. In-cylinder NOx control strategies including charge dilution (fresh air and EGR), low-temperature combustion, and use of alternative fuels (as drop-in replacements or dual fuel operation) have proven to be highly effective in thermal NOx abatement. Aftertreatment methods are required to further reduce NOx emissions. Current catalytic aftertreatment systems for NOx mitigation in SI and CI engines include the three-way catalyst (TWC), selective catalytic reduction (SCR) and lean NOx trap (LNT). This review summarizes various approaches to NOx abatement in IC engines using aftertreatment catalysts. The mechanism, composition, operation parameters and recent advances in each after-treatment system are discussed in detail. The challenges to the current after-treatment scenario, such as cold start light off, catalyst poisoning and the limits of current aftertreatment solutions in relevance to the EURO VII and 2026 EPA requirements are highlighted. Lastly, recommendations are made for future aftertreatment systems to achieve ultra-low NOx emissions.","PeriodicalId":358160,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Automotive Manufacturing and Materials","volume":"28 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140226865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disruptive Innovation for Automotive Industry and the Solutions for Enterprise Innovation System Reengineering","authors":"Weiqun Ren","doi":"10.53941/ijamm.2024.100003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53941/ijamm.2024.100003","url":null,"abstract":"Review\u0000Disruptive Innovation for Automotive Industry and the Solutions for Enterprise Innovation System Reengineering\u0000\u0000Weiqun Ren 1\u0000\u0000\u00001 Dongfeng Commercial Vehicles Co. Ltd., Wuhan 430000, China\u0000* Correspondence: renweiqun@tsinghua.org.cn\u0000 \u0000 \u0000Received: 26 January 2024\u0000Accepted: 6 March 2024\u0000Published: 11 March 2024\u0000 \u0000\u0000Abstract: Focus on the current disruptive innovation trends, automotive industry needs to have solutions for enterprise innovation system reengineering. The innovations include the energy and power technology bringing vehicle powertrain electrification, intelligent control technology bringing autonomous drive/intelligent vehicle, and communication technology bringing vehicle connectivity and sharing. Facing the impact of these, enterprise innovation system reengineering needs to be considering the effects to strategic planning, product development process, and new business models, etc.","PeriodicalId":358160,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Automotive Manufacturing and Materials","volume":"21 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140254255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Development and Application of MTPA Calibration Method Based on INCA FLOW and MATLAB","authors":"Zhijun Liu, Renyi Huang, Xiaoyan Zhuo, Kailiang Chen, Guanglan Li","doi":"10.53941/ijamm.2023.100014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53941/ijamm.2023.100014","url":null,"abstract":"Article The Development and Application of MTPA Calibration Method Based on INCA FLOW and MATLAB Zhijun Liu 1,2, Renyi Huang 1,*, Xiaoyan Zhuo 1, Kailiang Chen 1, and Guanglan Li 1 1 Liuzhou Saike Technology Development Co., Ltd., Liuzhou 545005, China 2 Liuzhou Key Laboratory of Electrified Powertrain Electronic Control, Liuzhou 545005, China * Correspondence: renyi.huang@foxmail.com     Received: 20 July 2023 Accepted: 6 November 2023 Published: 28 November 2023   Abstract: In industrial applications, the maximum torque per ampere (MTPA) control algorithm typically employs an offline look-up table (LUT) method instead of an online MTPA control method to reduce the online computational resources. However, the LUT method has some drawbacks, such as heavy testing workload, longer cycles, and cumbersome data processing, significantly diminishing the efficiency of MTPA data acquisition. To address the limitations of the LUT method, this study proposes an automatic MTPA calibration method combining INCA FLOW and MATLAB. The calibration efficiency and data accuracy are improved by utilizing INCA FLOW for automatic MTPA testing and MATLAB for data processing. An experimental test bench was constructed to evaluate the proposed method. The experimental results demonstrate that this method efficiently performs MTPA data testing and visualizes the results. Compared with the traditional manual MTPA calibration method, this method achieves a 320% improvement in calibration efficiency. The main technical contribution of this study is the introduction of the automatic MTPA calibration method that not only optimizes data accuracy but also enhances calibration efficiency.","PeriodicalId":358160,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Automotive Manufacturing and Materials","volume":"134 45","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139163858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental Study on Low-Temperature Oxidation Characteristics and Ignition Boundary Conditions of Gasoline/Hydrogenated Catalytic Biodiesel","authors":"Sicheng Lai, Wenjun Zhong, Tamilselvan Pachiannan, Zhixia He, Qian Wang","doi":"10.53941/ijamm.2023.100017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53941/ijamm.2023.100017","url":null,"abstract":"Article Experimental Study on Low-Temperature Oxidation Characteristics and Ignition Boundary Conditions of Gasoline/Hydrogenated Catalytic Biodiesel Sicheng Lai 1, Wenjun Zhong 1,*, Tamilselvan Pachiannan 2,3, Zhixia He 1,2, and Qian Wang 1 1 School of Energy Power Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China 2 Institute for Energy Research, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China 3 School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China * Correspondence: wj_zhong@ujs.edu.cn     Received: 25 September 2023 Accepted: 8 December 2023 Published: 14 December 2023   Abstract: This study investigates the ignition characteristics of Hydrogenated Catalytic Biodiesel (HCB) with pure gasoline, and diesel. The experiment aims to enhance the ignition characteristics of gasoline fuel by blending it with high-reactivity HCB. It provides experimental data for the fuel blends and offers dependable support for gasoline compression ignition mode applications. To achieve this, the ignition characteristics of various fuels were studied on a variable compression ratio test bench. Experiments were conducted by varying the equivalence ratio and intake temperature of the fuel blends. By analyzing CO emissions and the maximum in-cylinder temperature, we investigated the low-temperature oxidation characteristics of the fuels. Simultaneously, we identified the critical compression ratio and critical temperature as indicators of the ignition boundaries. Finally, this study examined the heat release behavior of the fuels at low temperatures and discussed their combustion characteristics under high-temperature conditions through the heat release rate analysis. The study indicates that with the increase of HCB in the blend, the low-temperature oxidation characteristics are significantly enhanced. However, the ignition boundaries are lowered, and more pronounced secondary heat release combustion behavior is observed. When the blending ratio reaches 50% namely G50H50, it exhibits low-temperature oxidation characteristics and a secondary heat release rate similar to diesel. Their critical compression ratios are 6.8 and 6.5, and the critical temperatures are 838.74 K and 881.41 K respectively. Hence the G50H50 blend holds the potential to serve as a substitute for diesel fuel in compression ignition engines. The increase in intake temperature and equivalence ratio can also enhance low-temperature oxidation characteristics and lower the ignition boundaries. Simultaneously, they exert a certain influence on the peak and phase of the heat release rate.","PeriodicalId":358160,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Automotive Manufacturing and Materials","volume":"43 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139180516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Joint Calibration of MIMO Radar Arrays under Multiple Signal Sources","authors":"Bin Wang, XiaoYu Xie, Shufei Yin","doi":"10.53941/ijamm.2023.100016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53941/ijamm.2023.100016","url":null,"abstract":"Article Joint Calibration of MIMO Radar Arrays under Multiple Signal Sources Bin Wang 1, Xiaoyu Xie 1, and Shufei Yin 1,2,* 1 Shanghai Baolong Automotive Corporation 2 School of Automotive Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology * Correspondence: yinshufei@chinabaolong.net     Received: 7 October 2023 Accepted: 2 November 2023 Published: 6 December 2023   Abstract: The 4D vehicle-mounted millimeter-wave radar can simultaneously measure the horizontal and vertical angles, which depends on the arrangement of the multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) array antenna. In practical engineering applications, to ensure the calculation accuracy of horizontal angle and vertical angle, it is necessary to calibrate the array phase error and array antenna spacing error. In this paper, aiming at the simultaneous occurrence of array amplitude-phase errors and array antenna spacing errors, a mathematical model of MIMO antenna array errors is established. At the same time, the impact of array errors is analyzed by simulation. An array joint calibration method under multi-source is proposed, and the proposed calibration method is simulated and analyzed. The results show that the array phase error and the array spacing error can be calibrated at the same time through this calibration method, which can meet the calibration requirements in the mass production process of vehicle radar. The calibration method mentioned in this paper has the advantages of simplicity and high efficiency for the calibration of vehicle radar at this stage.","PeriodicalId":358160,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Automotive Manufacturing and Materials","volume":"11 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139185944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optical Study on Soot Formation of Ethanol/ hydrogenated Catalytic Biodiesel/octanol Blends","authors":"Shufa Zhou, Wenjun Zhong, Tamilselvan Pachiannan, Qing Liu, F. Yan, Jiafeng Chen, Zhixia He, Qian Wang","doi":"10.53941/ijamm.2023.100015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53941/ijamm.2023.100015","url":null,"abstract":"Article Optical Study on Soot Formation of Ethanol/hydrogenated Catalytic Biodiesel/octanol Blends Shufa Zhou 1, Wenjun Zhong 1,*, Tamilselvan Pachiannan 2, Qing Liu 1, Feibin Yan 1, Jiafeng Chen 1, Zhixia He 2, and Qian Wang 1 1 School of Energy and Power Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China 2 Institute for Energy Research, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China * Correspondence: wj_zhong@ujs.edu.cn     Received: 5 September 2023 Accepted: 2 November 2023 Published: 28 November 2023   Abstract: The incorporation of alcohol-based fuel is pivotal in attenuating soot emissions arising from highly reactive hydrocarbon-based fuels. To elucidate the mechanism through which ethanol curtails soot formation in hydrogenated biodiesel, an experimental inquiry was undertaken by employing the high-frequency background light extinction technique within a constant volume combustion chamber system. The primary objective of this study was to scrutinize the impact of blending ethanol with highly reactive fuel on soot generation. Empirical evidence shows that ethanol, owing to its substantial oxygen content, has the potential to facilitate soot oxidation. Incorporating ethanol effectively diminishes soot formation in aspects of quantity, rate, and area. The initial time and location of soot formation increase as the ethanol blending ratio increases. The influence of latent heat of evaporation and Cetane Number on the initial time and location of soot formation varies with distinct environmental temperatures. At 750 K, the latent heat of evaporation exhibits a more pronounced influence in contrast to the Cetane Number. As the temperature rises, the Cetane Number gradually becomes more influential. At a temperature of 825 K and an oxygen content of 21%, the E30H60O10 blend shows an increase of 21.2% and 21.4% in the initial time and location of soot formation, respectively, compared to the E15H75O10 mix. Furthermore, there is a reduction of 75.8% in the total soot mass.","PeriodicalId":358160,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Automotive Manufacturing and Materials","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139227924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Review of Multi-vehicle Cooperative Control System in Intelligent Transportation","authors":"Songtao Xie, Zhenhong Li, Farshad Arvin, Zhengtao Ding","doi":"10.53941/ijamm.2023.100011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53941/ijamm.2023.100011","url":null,"abstract":"Review A Review of Multi-vehicle Cooperative Control System in Intelligent Transportation Songtao Xie 1, Zhenhong Li 1, Farshad Arvin 2, and Zhengtao Ding 1,* 1 Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK 2 Swarm & Computational Intelligence Laboratory (SwaCIL), Department of Computer Science, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, UK * Correspondence: zhengtao.ding@manchester.ac.uk Received: 25 April 2023 Accepted: 19 September 2023 Published: 25 September 2023 Abstract: Multi-vehicle cooperative control (MVCC) system has the potential to improve traffic flow, reduce congestion, and increase safety. This paper reviews the progress achieved by researchers worldwide regarding different aspects of MVCC systems. Research works of MVCC system architectures and strategies are reviewed, which explain how this system works. Several control methodologies utilized in the MVCC system and their related issues are discussed and compared, and research achievements about string stability and system degradation caused by unreliable communication are also reviewed. Applications of the MVCC system are demonstrated with detailed literature, which draws an overall landscape of the MVCC system and points out current opportunities and challenges. Finally, future research directions for the MVCC system are proposed based on the latest social and technological developments.","PeriodicalId":358160,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Automotive Manufacturing and Materials","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135536685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lignocellulosic Biomass to Automotive Manufacturing: The Adoption of Bio-Based Materials and Bio-Fuels","authors":"Zhiping Zhang, Yinggang Jiao, Yameng Li, Huan Zhang, Quanguo Zhang, Bing Hu","doi":"10.53941/ijamm.2023.100012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53941/ijamm.2023.100012","url":null,"abstract":"Review Lignocellulosic Biomass to Automotive Manufacturing: The Adoption of Bio-Based Materials and Bio-Fuels Zhiping Zhang, Yinggang Jiao, Yameng Li, Huan Zhang, Quanguo Zhang, and Bing Hu * Henan Agricultural University, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Nanomaterials, Zhengzhou 450002, PR China * Correspondence: hubing535@163.com Received: 20 July 2023 Accepted: 21 September 2023 Published: 26 September 2023 Abstract: In order to meet the demand of automobile lightweight and reduce the automotive industry's dependence on non-renewable energy sources such as petroleum, the utilization of bio-based materials and bio-fuels has become a key link to realize the sustainable development of automotive manufacturing industry. Moreover, along with the coming of the era of Carbon Neutral, the evolution of automotive manufacturing has begun. Hence, in the paper, the alternative solutions of the body materials, related component, and vehicle fuel in which bio-products can be introduced into were reviewed. The types and preparation methods for bio-based materials and bio-fuels were mentioned, especially the discussion of bio-hydrogen production and its application in the automotive industry. The summary of the correlation between biomass and automobile manufacturing industry in this article has certain guiding significance for the energy industry, automobile manufacturing industry and biomass energy utilization field.","PeriodicalId":358160,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Automotive Manufacturing and Materials","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135719183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances and Challenges in Combustion Control of Radio Frequency Oscillating Plasma Discharge","authors":"Linyan Wang, Xiao Yu, Graham Reader, Ming Zheng","doi":"10.53941/ijamm.2023.100009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53941/ijamm.2023.100009","url":null,"abstract":"Article Advances and Challenges in Combustion Control of Radio Frequency Oscillating Plasma Discharge Linyan Wang , Xiao Yu , Graham Reader , and Ming Zheng * Department of Mechanical, Automotive and Materials Engineering, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Avenue, Windsor, N9B 3P4 Ontario, Canada * Correspondence: mzheng@uwindsor.ca Received: 18 July 2023 Accepted: 13 September 2023 Published: 20 September 2023 Abstract: Oscillating plasma (corona) ignition is a promising technique for producing a larger initial ignition volume for achieving cleaner combustion. The oscillating plasma system provides a quick response to the ignition command compared with the conventional transistor-coil-ignition systems (TCI). Subsequently, the shorter combustion duration contributes to further improvement of engine efficiency under lean/diluted conditions. The challenges of oscillating plasma ignition appear under elevated background pressures, mostly owing to fewer plasma streamers and even void discharge, thus the advantage of oscillating plasma discharge over spark discharge is compromised. To suffice the industrial applications, the challenges of plasma generation and control platforms are investigated and discussed in this work. The challenges include ignition control, background condition impacts, and other external disturbances. A flexible modulation for oscillating plasma generation is established, with the measurements of discharge voltage and current. High-speed imaging, simultaneous with electrical waveform measurements is applied to record the plasma formation and flame propagation. This research provides advances in the ignition control for the oscillating plasma discharge, adding a foundation and reference for the oscillating plasma diagnostics under engine-like conditions with variations of pressure, temperature, gas composition, and flow pattern.","PeriodicalId":358160,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Automotive Manufacturing and Materials","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136378105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Macroscopic and Microscopic Characteristics of a GDI Spray Under Various Thermodynamic Conditions","authors":"Jian Li, Lulu Li, Rujie Xiao, Yuanfei Liang, Shuyi Qiu, Xuesong Li","doi":"10.53941/ijamm.2023.100007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53941/ijamm.2023.100007","url":null,"abstract":"Article Macroscopic and Microscopic Characteristics of a GDI Spray Under Various Thermodynamic Conditions Jian Li 1, Lulu Li 1, Rujie Xiao 1, Yuanfei Liang 1, Shuyi Qiu 2, and Xuesong Li 2,* 1 SAIC GM Wuling Automobile Co., Ltd., 18 Hexi Rd, Liunan District, Liuzhou 545001, China 2 School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China * Correspondence: xuesonl@sjtu.edu.cn Received: 12 June 2023 Accepted: 9 August 2023 Published: 28 August 2023 Abstract: Gasoline direct injection (GDI) is the most common and advanced fuel supply strategy for gasoline engines. The fuel atomization quality and fuel/air mix degree determine the subsequent combustion efficiency and emissions. However, the engine works in complex conditions which have numerous thermodynamic boundary conditions, and the characteristics of fuel atomization also change accordingly. It is necessary to clarify the influence of various thermodynamic conditions on the GDI spray. In this work, three different types of optics diagnostic methods were utilized to capture the macroscopic and microscopic characteristics of a commercial GDI injector spray under various thermodynamic boundary conditions. Specifically, Mie-scattering photography was employed to get the macroscopic parameters; planar Mie-scattering photography was utilized to get the spray pattern; phase Doppler interferometry (PDI) was used to get the microscopic characteristic, i.e., the droplet size distributions. It is found from this study that higher injection pressure, lower ambient pressure, and lower ambient temperature would lead to longer penetration and larger plume width. Lower ambient pressure and higher ambient temperature would cause a smaller spray pattern. Higher injection pressure, lower ambient pressure, and higher ambient temperature would result in smaller droplet sizes.","PeriodicalId":358160,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Automotive Manufacturing and Materials","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135135435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}