GSA Today最新文献

{"title":"Flooding Induced by Rising Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide","authors":"G. Retallack, G. Conde","doi":"10.1130/gsatg427a.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1130/gsatg427a.1","url":null,"abstract":"A direct consequence of rising CO2 is increasingly devastating flooding, because deciduous plants deploy fewer stomates each year as the atmospheric CO2 supplies more carbon for photosynthesis. When plants transpire less, more water runs off in streams and floods. Here we quantify this effect with highresolution observations of changing density and size of stomates of a mesic tree, Ginkgo, since 1754. The observed decline in maximum potential transpiration corresponds with rising water levels in the Mississippi River and represents a potential transpiration decline from 1829 to 2015 of 18 mL s–1 m–2: a reduction of 29%. Rising atmospheric CO2 and declining transpiration promote flooding, which handicaps lowland cultivation and renders irrelevant insurance and zoning concepts such as the 100-year flood.","PeriodicalId":35784,"journal":{"name":"GSA Today","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41542235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does Our Vision of Diversity Reduce Harm and Promote Justice?","authors":"B. Keisling, R. Bryant, Nigel Golden, L. Stevens, Ellen Alexander","doi":"10.1130/gsatg429gw.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1130/gsatg429gw.1","url":null,"abstract":"01003, USA; Nigel Golden, Dept. of Environmental Conservation, Univ. of Massachusetts, 160 Holdsworth Way, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA; Laura A. Stevens**, Marine Geology and Geophysics, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, 61 Route 9W, Palisades, New York 10964, USA; and Ellen Alexander, Dept. of Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences, Univ. of California, 595 Charles Young Drive, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA","PeriodicalId":35784,"journal":{"name":"GSA Today","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47429410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Learning from the Lockdown: The Silver Linings of a Virtual Conference","authors":"L. Bailey, S. Portnoy, Alexander Prescott","doi":"10.1130/gsatg468gw.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1130/gsatg468gw.1","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND Due to COVID-19, scientists and students alike moved from hallway discussions and group debates to working in isolation and participating in online classes. Academic and professional communities around the world have experienced significant cancellations of critical in-person events, including a number of scientific meetings. The University of Arizona Department of Geosciences 48th annual conference, GeoDaze, was no exception. GeoDaze was originally scheduled for April 2020, but all in-person university events were cancelled a few weeks prior. As organizers of the conference, we were initially devastated that we would not see all of our hard work come to fruition this year. Within a few days of the cancellation, our heartbreak transitioned to problem solving as we decided to redevelop the conference into an innovative virtual event. Surprisingly, there were several silver linings in the online conference that enhanced the event for attendees. As GeoDaze concluded, we wondered: What can we learn from the unprecedented pandemic lockdown to enhance scientific meeting experiences? Here we outline the benefits of transitioning a conference to an entirely virtual format, and we argue that some elements of online meetings are worth incorporating into a post– COVID-19 world. GeoDaze is an annual university event inaugurated in 1972 that provides graduate and undergraduate students with the opportunity to present their latest geoscience research to the community. The entirely student-run conference draws in university alumni and geoscientists from industry, government, and academia. The ability for students to interact with professionals provides opportunities for career and academic growth through collaboration and guidance. This event often serves as the first opportunity for students to publicly present research, so there was a sense of urgency to maintain the annual tradition despite being met with initial hesitation and concern about moving GeoDaze to an entirely virtual format for the first time in history.","PeriodicalId":35784,"journal":{"name":"GSA Today","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45489802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Teaching with Digital 3D Models of Minerals and Rocks","authors":"G. Andrews, Gabrielle Labishak, S. Brown, S. Isom, Holly D. Pettus, Trevor Byers","doi":"10.1130/gsatg464gw.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1130/gsatg464gw.1","url":null,"abstract":"We use a small photography set-up consisting of a 30 cm-across, square, white, plastic Lazy-Susan turntable, a 50 cm-across, cubic, fabric lightbox with three LED ring lights, and an 18.4 MP Sony DSC-HX80 compact digital camera mounted on a simple tripod. We use a matte black background in the lightbox with pastel white filters on the LED lights. The turntable is marked-up with pairs of colored dots in the corners and approximately halfway towards the center; these are used to assist manual registration of images. Samples up to 40 cm-diameter can be accommodated but we generally restrict ourselves to samples less than 25 cm-diameter to enable use of the registration marks on the turntable.","PeriodicalId":35784,"journal":{"name":"GSA Today","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41355129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assembling Laurentia—Integrated Theme Sessions on Tectonic Turning Points","authors":"Michael L. Williams, D. Kellett, B. Tikoff, S. Whitmeyer","doi":"10.1130/gsatg459gw.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1130/gsatg459gw.1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35784,"journal":{"name":"GSA Today","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46591614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using Mobile Technologies to Enhance Accessibility and Inclusion in Field-Based Learning","authors":"S. Whitmeyer, C. Atchison, T. Collins","doi":"10.1130/gsat.s.12501404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1130/gsat.s.12501404","url":null,"abstract":"Table SD1 and Figures SD1, SD2, and SD3<div><br></div>","PeriodicalId":35784,"journal":{"name":"GSA Today","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41796802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Supplemental Material: StraboTools: A Mobile App for Quantifying Fabric in Geology","authors":"A. Glazner","doi":"10.1130/gsatg454a.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1130/gsatg454a.1","url":null,"abstract":"Original photos from figure 1.","PeriodicalId":35784,"journal":{"name":"GSA Today","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46404273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geoscience Videos and Animations: How to Make Them with Your Students, and How to Use Them in the Classroom","authors":"R. Stern, J. Ryan, Ning Wang, Victor J. Ricchezza, Siloa Willis","doi":"10.1130/gsatg451gw.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1130/gsatg451gw.1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35784,"journal":{"name":"GSA Today","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43818571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seeing Like a Geologist: How Expertise and Context Impact Frame-of-Reference Judgments","authors":"B. Kreager, N. LaDue","doi":"10.1130/gsatg423gw.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1130/gsatg423gw.1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35784,"journal":{"name":"GSA Today","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48210162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Visualization and Sharing of 3D Digital Outcrop Models to Promote Open Science","authors":"P. Nesbit, A. Boulding, C. Hugenholtz, P. Durkin, S. Hubbard","doi":"10.1130/gsatg425a.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1130/gsatg425a.1","url":null,"abstract":"High-resolution 3D data sets, such as digital outcrop models (DOMs), are increasingly being used by geoscientists to supplement field observations and enable multiscale and repeatable analysis that was previously difficult, if not impossible, to achieve using conventional methods. Despite an increasing archive of DOMs driven by technological advances, the ability to share and visualize these data sets remains a challenge due to large file sizes and the need for specialized software. Together, these issues limit the open exchange of data sets and interpretations. To promote greater data accessibility for a broad audience, we implement three modern platforms for disseminating models and interpretations within an open science framework: Sketchfab, potree, and Unity. Web-based platforms, such as Sketchfab and potree, render interactive 3D models within standard web browsers with limited functionality, whereas game engines, such as Unity, enable development of fully customizable 3D visualizations compatible with multiple operating systems. We review the capabilities of each platform using a DOM of an extensive outcrop exposure of Late Cretaceous fluvial stratigraphy generated from uninhabited aerial vehicle images. Each visualization platform provides end-users with digital access and intuitive controls to interact with large DOM data sets, without the need for specialized software and hardware. We demonstrate a range of features and interface customizability that can be created and suggest potential use cases to share interpretations, reinforce student learning, and enhance scientific communication through unique and accessible visualization experiences. INTRODUCTION High-resolution 3D digital models are becoming increasingly common data sets in academic and commercial applications. In the geosciences specifically, digital outcrop models (DOMs), or virtual outcrops, can provide geoscientists with photorealistic models that preserve spatial precision, dimensionality, and geometric relationships between geologic features that are inherently 3D and susceptible to distortion and/or loss of information when rendered in 2D (Bellian et al., 2005; McCaffrey et al., 2005; Jones et al., 2009). Digital 3D mapping approaches using DOMs have enabled geoscientists to perform supplemental measurements, correlations, and interpretations that are difficult or impossible to obtain with traditional methods (Figs. 1–2; Pavlis and Mason, 2017; Nesbit et al., 2018). Until recently, however, collection and use of digital data sets has been limited to specialists, due to hardware and software limitations. A number of methods are now available for collecting and processing 3D models (Hodgetts, 2013; Carrivick et al., 2016). In particular, structure-from-motion and multi-view stereo (SfM-MVS) photogrammetry software, commonly paired with uninhabited aerial vehicles (UAVs), enables geoscientists to produce photorealistic DOMs through a highly streamlined UAV-SfM workflow (Ches","PeriodicalId":35784,"journal":{"name":"GSA Today","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47397508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}