Managerial Accounting eJournal最新文献

Truncated Balancing Policy for Perishable Inventory Management: Combating High Shortage Penalties 易腐品库存管理的截断平衡策略:对抗高短缺惩罚

Managerial Accounting eJournal Pub Date : 2021-08-17 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3469852

Can Zhang, T. Ayer, Chelsea C. White

{"title":"Truncated Balancing Policy for Perishable Inventory Management: Combating High Shortage Penalties","authors":"Can Zhang, T. Ayer, Chelsea C. White","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3469852","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3469852","url":null,"abstract":"Problem definition: Motivated by a platelet inventory management problem, we study a fixed lifetime perishable inventory management problem under a general demand process. Determining an optimal ordering policy for perishable inventory systems is particularly challenging because of the well-known “curse of dimensionality.” Approximation policies with worst-case performance bounds have been developed in the literature for perishable inventory systems. However, using real data, we observe that the existing policies tend to underorder when the unit shortage penalty is high, which is an important concern for critical perishable products, such as lifesaving blood products. We seek to address this problem in this paper. Methodology/results: We present a new approximation policy for perishable inventory systems, which we call a truncated balancing (TB) policy. In particular, we first define a new balancing ordering quantity and prove a novel lower bound on the optimal ordering quantity. We then define our TB policy such that the maximum between the balancing ordering quantity and the lower bound is ordered at each period. We prove that when first in, first out is an optimal issuing policy, (1) our proposed TB policy admits a worst-case performance bound of two, and (2) it is asymptotically optimal when the unit shortage penalty goes to infinity. Finally, we present a calibrated numerical study based on real data from our partner hospital and show that our proposed policy performs significantly better than the existing policies in practical scenarios with reasonably high shortage penalties. Managerial implications: Our analysis offers managerial insights for perishable inventory management, especially for systems with an imbalance in underage and overage cost parameters. When the unit shortage penalty is high, simply balancing the underage and overage costs can lead to underordering, whereas our proposed policy effectively addresses this drawback. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2022.0644 .","PeriodicalId":357263,"journal":{"name":"Managerial Accounting eJournal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131077246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Disclosure Paternalism 披露家长制

Managerial Accounting eJournal Pub Date : 2021-08-08 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3901405

J. Bertomeu

引用次数: 0

Legal Expertise and the Role of Litigation Risk in Firms’ Conservatism Choices 法律专业知识与诉讼风险在公司保守性选择中的作用

Managerial Accounting eJournal Pub Date : 2021-07-31 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3224887

Jonathan Black, Charles (Chad) Ham, Michael D. Kimbrough, Ha Yoon Yee

引用次数: 0

Is Consistency the Panacea? Inconsistent or Consistent Tax Transfer Prices with Strategic Taxpayer and Tax Authority Behavior 一致性是万灵药吗?不一致或一致的税收转移价格与纳税人和税务机关的战略行为

Managerial Accounting eJournal Pub Date : 2021-07-29 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3895611

Markus Diller, Johannes Lorenz, Georg Schneider, Caren Sureth-Sloane

{"title":"Is Consistency the Panacea? Inconsistent or Consistent Tax Transfer Prices with Strategic Taxpayer and Tax Authority Behavior","authors":"Markus Diller, Johannes Lorenz, Georg Schneider, Caren Sureth-Sloane","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3895611","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3895611","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates how strategic tax transfer pricing of a multinational company (MNC) and two tax authorities in different countries affects production and tax avoidance decisions at the firm level and tax revenues at the country level. We employ a game-theoretical model to analyze the costs and benefits of two tax transfer pricing regimes (consistency vs. inconsistency) under asymmetric information. Though tax transfer pricing harmonization is considered a promising instrument to fight undesired tax avoidance, the implications are largely unclear. We find tax avoidance in equilibrium in both countries under inconsistency. Surprisingly, we identify conditions under which low-tax countries benefit from consistency while high-tax countries benefit from inconsistency. This explains how the strategic interaction of taxpayer and tax authorities under firm-level heterogeneity challenges the implementation of consistent regimes. Understanding the implications of (in)consistent transfer pricing rules is crucial when reforming transfer pricing regulations to fight tax avoidance and double taxation.","PeriodicalId":357263,"journal":{"name":"Managerial Accounting eJournal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132351133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Government Transparency and Firm-Level Operational Efficiency 政府透明度与企业层面的运营效率

Managerial Accounting eJournal Pub Date : 2021-07-17 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3888753

Ole‐Kristian Hope, Shushu Jiang, Dushyantkumar Vyas

引用次数: 6

The Importance of Individual-Pair Lending Relationships 个人-配对借贷关系的重要性

Managerial Accounting eJournal Pub Date : 2021-06-30 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3877687

Omri Even-Tov, Xinlei Li, H. Wang, Christopher D. Williams

引用次数: 2

Impact Accounting for Product Use: A Framework and Industry-specific Models 产品使用的影响会计:一个框架和行业特定模型

Managerial Accounting eJournal Pub Date : 2021-06-30 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3877521

George Serafeim, Katie Trinh

{"title":"Impact Accounting for Product Use: A Framework and Industry-specific Models","authors":"George Serafeim, Katie Trinh","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3877521","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3877521","url":null,"abstract":"This handbook provides the first systematic attempt to generate a framework and industry-specific models for the measurement of impacts on customers and the environment from use of products and services, in monetary terms, that can then be reflected in financial statements with the purpose of creating impact-weighted financial accounts. Chapter 1 introduces product impact measurement. Chapter 2 outlines efforts to measure product impact. Chapter 3 describes our product impact measurement framework with an emphasis on the choice of design principles, process for building the framework, identification of relevant dimensions, range of measurement bases and the use of relative versus absolute benchmarks. Chapters 4 to 12 outline models for impact measurement in nine industries of the economy. Chapter 13 describes an analysis of an initial dataset of companies across the nine industries that we applied our models and constructed product impact measurements. Chapter 14 provides a preliminary discussion of the accounting treatment of product impact estimates within impact-weighted accounts. Our overall conclusion is that the measurement of product impact is feasible, scalable and generates important insights for the competitive positioning and strategy of organizations.","PeriodicalId":357263,"journal":{"name":"Managerial Accounting eJournal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123467423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mandatory Gender Pay Gap Disclosure in the UK: Did Inequity Fall and Do these Disclosures Affect Firm Value? 英国强制性性别薪酬差距披露:不平等是否下降，这些披露是否影响公司价值?

Managerial Accounting eJournal Pub Date : 2021-06-12 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3865689

Aneesh Raghunandan, Shivaram Rajgopal

{"title":"Mandatory Gender Pay Gap Disclosure in the UK: Did Inequity Fall and Do these Disclosures Affect Firm Value?","authors":"Aneesh Raghunandan, Shivaram Rajgopal","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3865689","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3865689","url":null,"abstract":"We study the 2017 UK rule requiring firms that employ more than 250 workers to publicly disclose gender pay gap data. We focus on two questions of interest to regulators and socially conscious investors: (i) does gender pay equity improve after mandatory disclosure? and (ii) is gender pay equity useful to investors in predicting future operating performance, stock returns, and Tobin’s Q? We find a 0.41% reduction in the gender pay gap after the implementation of gender pay gap reporting only in entities with between 250 and 499 employees but no change for entities with 500+ employees. Only 9% of these entities belong to publicly listed firms. Further analysis suggests a modest one-time levelling up in the gender pay gap, in anticipation of the rule, in the two-year period between when the rule was announced and when it went into effect (but no subsequent improvement). We also find a link between Employment Tribunal settlements – most commonly resulting from unfair dismissal cases brought by employees – and lower gender pay gaps, suggesting a potential unintended adverse consequence of the regulation. There is no robust association between gender pay gaps and ROA (return on assets), EBITDA, operating margins, and stock returns. We conclude that (i) the impact of the rule thus far is modest at best, and at worst may have had unintended consequences for existing employees; and (ii) the evidence linking gender pay inequity to firm value or operating performance is scant.","PeriodicalId":357263,"journal":{"name":"Managerial Accounting eJournal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115312484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Accountancy with historical and Professional perspective. 具有历史和专业视角的会计。

Managerial Accounting eJournal Pub Date : 2021-05-30 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3856466

Dr. Iqbal Shaukat

引用次数: 0

Relative Performance Evaluation and the Peer Group Opportunity Set 相对绩效评估与同伴群体机会集

Managerial Accounting eJournal Pub Date : 2021-05-25 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3853940

Matthew J. Bloomfield, W. Guay, Oscar Timmermans

{"title":"Relative Performance Evaluation and the Peer Group Opportunity Set","authors":"Matthew J. Bloomfield, W. Guay, Oscar Timmermans","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3853940","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3853940","url":null,"abstract":"We develop an algorithm that mimics the relative performance evaluation (“RPE”) peer selection process used for CEOs’ incentive plans. Our algorithm constructs the portfolio of peer firms that exhibits the highest in-sample stock performance correlation with the focal firm, which we then use as a counterfactual to better understand firms’ actual RPE choices. We find that most firms use RPE in a manner consistent with optimal risk-sharing; firms are more likely to use RPE when a viable peer group is available, and they construct peer groups that are about as effective as possible at shielding CEOs from outcome risk. However, some firms choose not to use RPE even when an effective peer group is available; non-reliance on RPE in these cases appears to be related to competitive sabotage concerns. Other firms choose to use RPE, but benchmark against a peer group that is not effective from a risk-sharing perspective; reliance on RPE in these cases appears to be related to rent-extraction. Collectively, our study improves the understanding of firms’ ex ante ability to construct an effective peer group, and thereby sheds new light on why firms do—and perhaps more importantly, why some firms do not—use relative performance evaluation in their CEOs’ incentive plans.","PeriodicalId":357263,"journal":{"name":"Managerial Accounting eJournal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130627782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5