Geografie-Sbornik CGS最新文献

{"title":"The occurrence of heat waves in Europe and their circulation conditions","authors":"A. Tomczyk, E. Bednorz, Marek Półrolniczak","doi":"10.37040/geografie2019124010001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37040/geografie2019124010001","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of the paper was to characterize the occurrence of heat waves in Europe between 1976 and 2015 and to determine circulation conditions causing their occurrence. The heat waves were recognized as a sequence of at least 5 consecutive hot days. The hot day was defined as a day on which daily maximum air temperature was higher than 95th percentile of all the values in the analyzed period. The conducted research showed an increase in the number of heat waves and their duration in the analyzed period. The longest heat wave occurred in 2010, in Moscow, which lasted 45 days. The most intense changes were observed in the eastern and south-eastern regions. The occurrence of heat waves was mainly connected with positive anomalies of atmospheric pressure at sea level, geopotential height of 500 hPa, and temperature on isobaric surface 850 hPa.","PeriodicalId":35714,"journal":{"name":"Geografie-Sbornik CGS","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82223398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Natural regime of streamflow trends in Macedonia","authors":"Ivan Radevski, S. Gorin, Milena Taleska, Olgica Dimitrovska","doi":"10.37040/geografie2018123010001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37040/geografie2018123010001","url":null,"abstract":"is study investigates the annual and seasonal trends of minimum, mean and maximum streamflow, analyzed on 13 gauges/streams with natural regime, predominantly mountainous and homogeneously distributed in the studied area. 'e varying period of at least 40 years is used in the analysis. A2er the pre-whitening TFPW method was applied, the Mann-Kendall and Sen’s slope tests were used for trend testing. 'e analysis detects significant decreasing trends in the country (according to a = 0.1 significance level). In general, the streamflow shows levels of decrease in almost all streams with lower or higher magnitude (from 0.1 to 0.01). 'e results provide a unique assessment of streamflow trends in the country and the current findings are consistent with those in other regions of Europe, especially in Southern Europe. Significant trends of decrease have been found in each of the 13 streamflow gauges throughout Macedonia without a single positive significant trend. 'e test confirmed the general decreasing streamflow trend in the country; even the stations without any significant decreasing results are generally heading downward. key words Macedonia – hydrology – streamflow – trends – Mann-Kendall – Sen’s test radevski, i., gorin, s., taleska, m., dimitrovska, o. (2018): Natural regime of streamflow trends in Macedonia. Geografie, 123, 1, 1–20. Received June 2017, accepted January 2018. © Česká geografická společnost, z. s., 2018 2 geografie 123/1 (2018) / i. radevski, s. gorin, m. taleska, o. dimitrovska","PeriodicalId":35714,"journal":{"name":"Geografie-Sbornik CGS","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89322562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development regularities and specific features of geographic differentiation of population and its structure on the level of Czechia’s municipalities in transformation period","authors":"Pavlína Netrdová, V. Nosek","doi":"10.37040/geografie2018123020225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37040/geografie2018123020225","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35714,"journal":{"name":"Geografie-Sbornik CGS","volume":"6 1","pages":"225-251"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74712533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detailed reconstruction of gully headcut retreat using exposed tree roots: a case study from the Vsetínské vrchy Mts. (Outer Western Carpathians)","authors":"K. Šilhán","doi":"10.37040/geografie2018123020179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37040/geografie2018123020179","url":null,"abstract":"Gully erosion is a widespread natural hazard that causes substantial financial losses every year. Dendrogeomorphic (tree ring-based) methods are a good alternative approach for assessing gully development in forested areas. 6e majority of previous dendrogeomorphic studies dealing with erosion focused on sheet erosion or erosion rates in the active channels of old, stabilized gullies. 6is study aims to asses newly originated gully development based on an analysis of exposed tree roots. Moreover, the root exposure data were used to calculate rates of linear and areal gully headcut retreat (GHR). In total, 81 samples (microcuts) from common spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst) were analyzed for anatomical responses to root exposure. 6e existence of the shallow channel preceding the gully itself was identified. 6is GHR reconstruction (for a limited time period of eight years) provides evidence of highly active gully development in the forested area of the Flysch Carpathians that is comparable with results from semi-arid regions. key words gully – dendrogeomorphology – erosion rate – flysch – the Moravskoslezské Beskydy Mts. šilhán, k. (2018): Detailed reconstruction of gully headcut retreat using exposed tree roots: a case study from the Vsetínské vrchy Mts. (Outer Western Carpathians). Geografie, 123, 2, 179–199. Received March 2017, accepted March 2018. © Česká geografická společnost, z. s., 2018 180 geografie 123/2 (2018) / k. šilhán","PeriodicalId":35714,"journal":{"name":"Geografie-Sbornik CGS","volume":"19 1","pages":"179-199"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87430661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of land cover/land use development in selected landscape conservation areas in comparison to non-protected areas","authors":"Lucia Bendíková, M. Šantrůčková, Z. Lipský","doi":"10.37040/geografie2018123030295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37040/geografie2018123030295","url":null,"abstract":"Qualities of protected areas in Europe are the result of mutual collaboration, and the influence of natural conditions and historical development. 1erefore, landscape protection has a wider scope. In addition to the protection of the landscape’s natural qualities, landscape protection also needs to identify human-driven impacts that support or directly affect landscape qualities. We have compared the development of land use / land cover in selected landscape conservation areas, and suitably selected referential areas in four time levels within a period of more than 150 years. 1e goals were to identify the types of land use that decrease, or increase the qualities of landscape, and to verify the hypothesis that landscape conservation areas, protected areas, have gone through a different land use / land cover development than the referential areas. 1e results of this comparison do not confirm our hypothesis. 1e most substantial changes in the rural areas in Czechia took place in a distant past not covered by the dataset used in this study.","PeriodicalId":35714,"journal":{"name":"Geografie-Sbornik CGS","volume":"234 1","pages":"295-316"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75195998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Land cover changes in Poland between 1990 and 2012","authors":"M. Borowska-Stefańska, Katarzyna Leśniewska-Napierała, S. Wiśniewski","doi":"10.37040/geografie2018123010063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37040/geografie2018123010063","url":null,"abstract":"e aim of the article is to assess the intensity and directions of land cover changes in Poland between 1990 and 2012. To achieve this goal, the authors used data from databases such as the CORINE Land Cover (CLC). 'e changes were analyzed for the first level of data and then presented in the matrix form both as absolute values (ha) and as percentages referring to the total aggregate land surface subject to land cover changes in this period. At the following stage of the analysis attention shi2ed solely to those fluctuations which referred to artificial surfaces in relation to the municipality or the cadastral unit. Subsequently, a spatial autocorrelation of land cover changes in municipalities in Poland was defined. key words land cover changes – Poland – CORINE – GIS borowska-stefańska, m., leśniewska-napierała, k., wiśniewski, s. (2018): Land cover changes in Poland between 1990 and 2012. Geografie, 123, 1, 63–83. Received June 2017, accepted January 2018. © Česká geografická společnost, z. s., 2018 64 geografie 123/1 (2018) / borowska-stefańska, leśniewska-napierała, wiśniewski","PeriodicalId":35714,"journal":{"name":"Geografie-Sbornik CGS","volume":"8 1","pages":"63-83"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72941580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eye-tracking analysis of the influence of relief shading on finding labels on tourist maps","authors":"S. Popelka","doi":"10.37040/geografie2018123030353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37040/geografie2018123030353","url":null,"abstract":"is paper evaluates the influence of relief shading in finding labels on tourist maps. Two types of maps were compared, one in which terrain was depicted with contour lines and spot heights, and the other enhanced with relief shading. -e task was to find specific hills and villages. Two aspects were investigated – whether shading helped users find hills, and whether shading made it more difficult to find villages. -e eye-tracking method was used for this study. -e results indicate that respondents prefer shaded maps from an aesthetic point of view. Pairwise comparison of individual stimuli pairs and groups of stimuli was performed with the use of five eye-tracking metrics. Most of the eye-tracking metrics were significantly different for most of the stimuli. -e results of the experiment show that shaded maps are less suitable for finding hills and villages. -e least effective result was observed in finding villages on a shaded map. key words cartography – maps – eye-tracking – relief shading – visual perception – map reading popelka, s. (2018): Eye-tracking analysis of the influence of relief shading on finding labels on tourist maps. Geografie, 123, 3, 353–378. Received November 2017, accepted June 2018. © Česká geografická společnost, z. s., 2018 354 geografie 123/3 (2018) / s. popelka 1. State of the art Contouring is the most frequently used technique to provide map readers with elevation information (Dušek, Miřijovský 2009). Contours are isarithms – lines connecting points of equal elevation. Most casual map readers cannot imagine landforms indicated by contour lines. As Castner and Wheate (1979, p. 78) stated: “Relief depiction with contours is not usually immediately interpretable or imaginable, especially for inexperienced users.” Instead, most people recognize shapes primarily by the interplay of light and dark. -is method of portraying the landsurface form is called shading (Robinson et al. 1995). Shaded reliefs are already found in early manuscript maps from the seventeenth century. With the invention of lithography (1798), it became possible to print half-tones. Cartographers began to combine relief shading with other means of terrain display. A_er World War II, many reliefs were drawn by airbrush. Since the end of the twentieth century, relief shading has mostly been generated from digital elevation models (Jenny, Räber 2015). -e angle of lighting must be defined when using shading in maps. Conventional lighting comes from the upper le_ corner of the map – from the northwest in maps of the northern hemisphere (Bernabé-Poveda, Sánchez-Ortega, Çöltekin 2011). A recent publication (Biland, Çöltekin 2016) suggested that NNW illumination is better than NW. Imhof (2007) states that this may be due to people writing from le_ to right, light being on the le_ hand side when holding a pen while the right being in shadow. Even though this situation cannot occur in reality (in the northern hemisphere), this light is psychologically the most effec","PeriodicalId":35714,"journal":{"name":"Geografie-Sbornik CGS","volume":"54 1","pages":"353-378"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84736263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Motherhood postponement and regional differences in fertility in Czechia and Slovakia","authors":"L. Šídlo, B. Šprocha","doi":"10.37040/geografie2018123030407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37040/geografie2018123030407","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35714,"journal":{"name":"Geografie-Sbornik CGS","volume":"31 1","pages":"407-436"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72721797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Political preferences of towns in Slovakia in the 1929 parliamentary election","authors":"Tibor Madleňák, Ľuboš Balážovič","doi":"10.37040/geografie2018123010107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37040/geografie2018123010107","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35714,"journal":{"name":"Geografie-Sbornik CGS","volume":"55 1","pages":"107-140"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74044025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Indian Geopolitical Thought","authors":"Ľ. Križan, Vladimír Baar","doi":"10.37040/geografie2018123040507","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37040/geografie2018123040507","url":null,"abstract":"e Indian Geopolitical ought – Since its independence in 1948, India has strived to become a major geopolitical power in South Asia, and an important player in the world. Early on, India achieved significant successes especially in the developing world. Failures caused by the lost war with China include, the rise of separatism and international isolation. AEer 1990, India gradually became an undisputed leader in South Asia but has since faced a number of important challenges. India is trying to consolidate its geopolitical position. 'e main goal of the article is to analyze Indian geopolitical thought, its sources, and relevance in Indian geopolitics. key words Indian geopolitics – geopolitical thought – geostrategy križan, l., baar, v. (2018): Indické geopolitické myšlení. Geografie, 123, 4, 507–527. Do redakce došlo v září 2017, přijato do tisku v listopadu 2018. © Česká geografická společnost, z. s., 2018 508 geografie 123/4 (2018) / ľ. križan, v. baar","PeriodicalId":35714,"journal":{"name":"Geografie-Sbornik CGS","volume":"292 1","pages":"507-527"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75404804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}