Industrial processes and technologies最新文献

{"title":"Исследование влияния особенностей строения красителей на антимикробную активность текстильных материалов","authors":"Григорий Хазанов, М. А. Апарушкина","doi":"10.37816/2713-0789-2021-1-2-44-54","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37816/2713-0789-2021-1-2-44-54","url":null,"abstract":"Целью работы является изучение влияния особенностей строения красителей на антимикробную активность окрашенного текстильного материала. В статье, исходя из известных свойств ферментов, фенольных соединений, красителей и текстильного материала, изучались свойства окрашенного текстильного материала. В работе рассмотрены различные способы защиты текстильных материалов, а также вопросы влияния особенностей строения и химических свойств фенольных соединений на защитные свойства живых организмов к воздействию микроорганизмов. Показано, что их защитные свойства обусловлены способностью фенольных соединений ингибировать активность протеолитических ферментов микроорганизмов. Показана роль ферментной системы в разрушении белкового субстрата и особенности строения активных центров ферментов микроорганизмов. Рассмотрены вопросы появления устойчивости к действию плесневых грибов у окрашенного текстильного материала. Грибостойкость текстильного материала определялась по стандартной методике. Крашение хромовыми красителями осуществлялось без хромирования. Выбор препаратов, для антимикробной отделки текстильных материалов, проводился исходя из их способности образовывать стабильные хелатные циклы с металлами — активаторами ферментов микроорганизмов. Сделано предположение, что причиной устойчивости к плесневению является наличие на внешней поверхности изделия барьера из групп, способных ингибировать активность ферментов. Что может являться одним из критериев выбора антимикробных препаратов. Полученные данные объясняются особенностями геометрического строения применяемых соединений и их расположением на текстильном материале.","PeriodicalId":357107,"journal":{"name":"Industrial processes and technologies","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121800487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of the cavitation strength of protective coatings under abnormal conditions","authors":"V. Khmelev, R. Barsukov, R. Golykh, D. V. Genne, D. A. Abramenko, S. N. Tsyganok, A. Barsukov","doi":"10.37816/2713-0789-2021-1-1-53-60","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37816/2713-0789-2021-1-1-53-60","url":null,"abstract":"One of the possible mechanisms for the destruction of metals and other materials is cavitation. Acoustic cavitation occurs in liquid media when high-intensity acoustic vibrations propagate in them. The article discusses the features of the method for studying the cavitation strength of protective coatings (including under abnormal conditions). The method is based on the control of cavitation phenomena in the voiced medium, by controlling the parameters of ultrasonic emitters. It is shown that the parameters of ultrasonic emitters are affected by the size of the gap between the emitting and reflecting surfaces. The results obtained in the work show that the implementation of the control of the cavitation strength of coatings at various temperatures and pressures requires the use of continuous control to automatically eliminate this effect by optimizing the intensity of the impact.","PeriodicalId":357107,"journal":{"name":"Industrial processes and technologies","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115781479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of factors affecting the efficiency of thermosyphones","authors":"Tyurin M. P., Borodina E. S.","doi":"10.37816/1234-5678-2021-1-1-77-88","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37816/1234-5678-2021-1-1-77-88","url":null,"abstract":"The paper provides a review and analysis of research works aimed at studying the factors that affect the efficiency and reliability of closed two-phase thermosyphons as heat utilizers of heat technological emissions. Factors such as the geometric characteristics of thermosyphons and their ratio, the angles of inclination of the evaporation and condensation surfaces, the degree of filling of the thermosyphon pipe, the state and physical properties of the evaporation and condensation surfaces, the influence of acoustic and vibration influences on the efficiency of heat and mass transfer, as well as their use in as working bodies of nanofluids.","PeriodicalId":357107,"journal":{"name":"Industrial processes and technologies","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126037472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mathematical description of intensified processes for extracting technological contaminants from flat fibrous materials","authors":"M. Kosheleva, A. Bulekov, V. T. Kazub, M. Tsintsadze, Pyatigorsk Medical","doi":"10.37816/2713-0789-2021-1-1-28-36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37816/2713-0789-2021-1-1-28-36","url":null,"abstract":"A boundary value problem is formulated for the extraction process of technological contaminants from flat textile materials - the washing process. The process is one of the most common energy and resource-intensive mass transfer processes in the chemical technology of finishing in textile industry. For the practical implementation of the pulse effect selected for intensification, including ultrasonic one, it is necessary to determine the operating and design parameters of the process, which is possible on the basis of an appropriate mathematical description. The proposed model takes into account the effect of ultrasonic action on the object being washed. The solution to this problem is obtained in the form of a functional series. On the basis of the developed mathematical model, it is possible to estimate the diffusion coefficient of the distributed component in the textile material.","PeriodicalId":357107,"journal":{"name":"Industrial processes and technologies","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116834575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Features of application of ORC-technology at compressor stations of metallurgical enterprises","authors":"I. Antanenkova, S. I. Svetogor","doi":"10.37816/2713-0789-2021-1-1-61-76","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37816/2713-0789-2021-1-1-61-76","url":null,"abstract":"The use of secondary energy resources in metallurgy with their conversion into mechanical and / or electrical energy allows not only to reduce the negative impact on the environment, but also to significantly increase the energy efficiency of facilities. As a result the study design, the results of which are presented in this article defined the energy-saving potential at the compressor station metallurgical enterprises (on the example of the system of supply of technical gases of the process of production of rolled steel from iron ore PJSC Magnitogorsk Iron and Steel Works). A schematic solution and a method for determining the operating parameters of an installation operating according to the so-called \"organic Rankine cycle\" (ORC installation), which allows obtaining additional electrical energy for production needs by utilizing the heat of interstage cooling of compressor units, are proposed and justified. The features of the implementation of this technology are identified, and the working substance of the ORC installation that meets the requirements of safety and energy efficiency as much as possible is proposed for implementation. The values of the internal efficiency, the power of the ORC installation and the share of usefully utilized heat in the implementation of the proposed scheme are estimated.","PeriodicalId":357107,"journal":{"name":"Industrial processes and technologies","volume":"109 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121990487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The specifics of mathematical modeling complex multicomponent chemical processes","authors":"N. Samoilov","doi":"10.37816/2713-0789-2021-1-1-37-52","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37816/2713-0789-2021-1-1-37-52","url":null,"abstract":"A critical analysis of the problem of identifying raw materials for hydrotreating diesel fuel by organosulphuric components and quantifying the value of the rate constant of the hydrodesulphurization reaction is presented. It is proposed to describe the raw material as a set of narrow fractions, in each of which the content of various organosulphuric components is considered as a single pseudo-component. The prospects of separate hydrotreatment of diesel fuel pre - fractionated into wide easily and hardly hydrogenated fractions are confirmed, which allows reducing the loading of the catalyst into the reaction unit of the plant by 1.4-1.7 times compared to the traditional process scheme.. It is proposed to use the concept of kinetic coefficient for mathematical modeling of the hydrotreating process instead of the incorrect reaction rate constant in this case. The dependence of the gross conversion rate constant of the raw material on the time of fixing the depth of its hydrodesulfurization is proved by the example of modeling the hydrotreatment of diesel fuel for a number of raw material variants.","PeriodicalId":357107,"journal":{"name":"Industrial processes and technologies","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131963095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Obtaining effective oil sorbents based on chemical industry waste for water treatment","authors":"E. Tatarintseva, L. Olshanskaya","doi":"10.37816/2713-0789-2021-1-1-6-16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37816/2713-0789-2021-1-1-6-16","url":null,"abstract":"It was proposed new technologies for producing effective oil sorbents based on chemical industry waste. It was shown the possibility of using PET waste as a binder in the produc- tion of oil sorbents with specific properties (hydrophobicity, oleophilicity, magnetic proper- ties) using thermally expanded and oxidized graphite (TEG and OG) and ferritized iron- containing galvanic sludge (FGS). The presence of iron ions in the galvanic sludge allows one to obtain magnetite and ferrites during ferritization, which leads to the appearance of magnetic properties in FGS, established using a vibration magnetometer, the saturation induction was ~ 0.02 T. Electroplating sludge was carried out at t ≈ 1000 oC and τ = 1.5 hr with preliminary mechanical activation. The physicomechanical, chemical, and sorption properties of the obtained oil sorbents (bulk density, abrasion, grindability, particle size distribution, oil capacity, moisture capacity, wettability, buoyancy, specific surface area, chemical composition, adsorption capacity of materials under static and dynamic conditions) are studied. It was found that sorption ma- terials have 100% buoyancy, are highly active in cleaning water surface from films of oil products with different thicknesses (1–5 mm). It was shown that sorption capacity increases with increasing film thickness and reaches a maximum value at a thickness of 3 mm. The cleaning efficiency is 99.0%. It has been established that the sorption capacity of the sorption material (SM) depends on the nature of oil products, its viscosity, solubility and initial concentration in water. It is proved that the processes of sorption of oil products proceed by the physical mechanism, which can be represented as the oleophilic interaction of particles of the Sorption material and oil products, which is confirmed by the type of sorption isotherms, which are type II and IV according to the BDT theory and type L according to the Hills classification char- acteristic of polymolecular adsorption. The obtained adsorption isotherms were processed in the framework of the Langmuir and Dubinin – Radushkevich models, and the constants of the adsorption equations were calculated.","PeriodicalId":357107,"journal":{"name":"Industrial processes and technologies","volume":"62 7","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132574937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermal efficiency of the regenerative cycle of the Stirling engine scheme gamma","authors":"N. M. Sharpar, L. Zhmakin","doi":"10.37816/2713-0789-2021-1-1-89-98","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37816/2713-0789-2021-1-1-89-98","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents a theoretical model of the Stirling engine-gamma scheme, based on thermodynamic dependencies describing the working process taking into account the efficiency of the regenerator. The measurement of the gas pressure in the cycle, due to which its operation was carried out, is carried out by means of a plunger moving along the cylinder. Cooling in the working cylinder circuit is carried out at the expense of the environment. Due to the movement of the working fluid between the cylinders, there is an increase or decrease in pressure, which requires energy costs that affect the operation of the engine. An increase in the energy efficiency of the Stirling engine is achieved by introducing a regenerator into it, which helps to minimize heat losses. This device is located between the hot and cold cylinder, it is a cavity that contains a porous material that receives heat flowing with hot gas into the cold area, when it is moved back before entering the heater, the regenerator returns the stored heat. Due to the introduction of the regenerator in the model, the engine increases energy efficiency, and the efficiency of its cycle reaches the efficiency of the Carnot cycle. In this paper, the authors apply thermodynamic laws to represent the processes that underlie the functioning of the Stirling machine, not only in its cylinders, but also in the battery, the analysis of thermal inertia of which confirms the above study.","PeriodicalId":357107,"journal":{"name":"Industrial processes and technologies","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130670090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}