Ocean and Polar Research最新文献

{"title":"Spatio-temporal Distribution of Macrobenthic Communities in Jinhae Bay, Korea","authors":"서진영, 임현식, 최진우","doi":"10.4217/OPR.2015.37.4.295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4217/OPR.2015.37.4.295","url":null,"abstract":"In order to determine the spatio-temporal distribution of macrobenthic faunal communities in Jinhae Bay, quantitative faunal samples were collected seasonally at 23 sites in Jinhae Bay from February, 2011 to November, 2012. Sediment facies were found to be mud except for those at Chilcheon-do near Geoje Island. Mean values of TOC (%) ranged between 1.3 and 3.6%, and these are the highest values recorded excluding special management areas in Korea. Hypoxia occurred every summer in the whole areas of Jinhae Bay except around Geoje Island in the bay mouth. Due to the summer hypoxia, species richness, density and biomass also declined during the summer in Jinhae Bay. Opportunistic species such as Paraprionospio patiens, Sigambra bassi, Nectoneanthes oxypoda and Theora fragilis occurred as the dominant species before and after the hypoxia. However, Capitella capitata appeared as a dominant species only during the winter-spring season every year. From cluster analysis, Jinhae Bay could be divided into two sites groups: one group occupied the normoxic zone and the other one located in the hypoxic zone.","PeriodicalId":35665,"journal":{"name":"Ocean and Polar Research","volume":"13 1","pages":"295-315"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70345858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Demands to Develop Marine Science Technology to Reduce Damage of Disasters Caused by Marine Accidents","authors":"Duckhee Jang, G. Kang, Jin-Young Kim","doi":"10.4217/OPR.2015.37.4.369","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4217/OPR.2015.37.4.369","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract : The purpose of this study is to ascertain the demands for developing marine science technologyto reduce fatalities caused by marine accidents. For this purpose, we analyzed the contents of about 77,000news articles posted for a month after the tragedy of the Sewol (April 16~May 15) to identify keywordsand then we used the Social Network Analysis (SNA) for each keyword. The findings of the analysis showthat there are five networks and that each one reveals different aspects about technology development toprepare for marine accidents. Based on these findings, we categorized three kinds of demands fortechnology development from the perspective of marine science technology: provision of the informationabout the marine environment, development of equipment and technology to overcome extremeenvironments, and the establishment of a field support system. Key words : marine science technology, marine accidents, Sewol, News Contents Analysis 1. 서론 이 연구는 2014년 진도 해상에서 발생한 세월호 사고에대한 대응과정을 분석함으로써, 향후 유사상황 발생시 ‘선박기인 해양재난’ 중 대규모 인명사고의 피해축소를 위한해양과학기술 개발수요를 도출하는데 그 목적이 있다. 세월호 사고가 중요한 것은 동 사고의 발생과 대응과정에서선박사고 관련 해양재해·재난에서 발생할 수 있는 거의모든 사회과학적·과학기술적 이슈들이 제기되었으며, 이들 이슈들에 대한 적절한 대응체계를 갖추는 것은 향후발생할 수 있는 유사 사례에 대하여 타산지석으로 삼을수 있기 때문이다. 물론, 해양재난의 대부분은 선박사고에의해 발생하므로, 선박사고 발생 억제가 최우선 과제임이분명하다. 그러나 이 연구에서는 피치 못하게 발생하는 선박사고에 대한 피해 감소를 위한 대응전략 마련의 차원에서 과학기술 분야의 연구개발 수요를 도출하는 것을 초점을 두었다. 또한, 관련 선행연구에 의하면(IMO 1994), 그동안 해양사고를 다루고 있는 선행연구의 75% 이상은 해양사고를 인적재난의 관점에서 다루고 있다. 이는 대부분의 사고가 ‘Human Error’에서 발생하고 있다는 점이 고려된 것이라고 판단된다(Grech et al. 2002). 해양사고와 관련된 기존의 연구들은 사고발생 원인을 다루고 있는 것이대부분이며, 이로부터 선박시스템에 대한 신뢰성과 효율성 제고에 초점을 맞춰 연구가 진행되어 왔다(Rothblum2000). 이와 비교할 때, 이 연구에서는 사고발생의 원인과관계없이 사고발생 이후의*Corresponding author. E-mail : kanggm@kiost.ac.kr 대처과정에서 적절한 대응방안","PeriodicalId":35665,"journal":{"name":"Ocean and Polar Research","volume":"37 1","pages":"369-383"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70345506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Limitations of National Responsibility and its Application on Marine Environmental Pollution beyond Borders -Focused on the Effects of China`s Three Gorges Dam on the Marine Environment in the East China Sea-","authors":"H. Yang","doi":"10.4217/OPR.2015.37.4.341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4217/OPR.2015.37.4.341","url":null,"abstract":"A nation has a sovereign right to develop and use its natural resources according to its policies with regard to development and the relevant environment. A nation also has an obligation not to harm other countries or damage environments of neighboring countries as consequences of such actions of developments or use of natural resources. However, international precedents induce a nation to take additional actions not to cause more damages from the specific acts causing environmental damages beyond national borders, when such acts have economic and social importance. That is to say that there is a tendency to resolve such issues in a way to promote the balance between the mutual interests by allowing such actions to continue. A solution to China’s Three Gorges Dam dilemma based on a soft law approach is more credible than relying on a good faith approach of national responsibilities and international legal proceedings since the construction and operation of the dam falls within the category of exercising national sovereign rights. If a large scale construction project such as the Three Gorges Dam or operation of a nuclear power plant causes or may cause environmental damage beyond the border of a nation engaged in such an undertaking, countries affected by this undertaking should jointly monitor the environmental effects in a spirit of cooperation rather than trying to stop the construction and should seek cooperative solutions of mutual understanding to establish measures to prevent further damages. If China’s Three Gorges Dam construction and operation cause or contain the possibility of causing serious damages to marine environment, China cannot set aside its national responsibility to meet international obligations if China is aware of or knows about the damage that has occurred or may occur but fail to prevent, minimize, reverse or eliminate additional chances of such damages, or fails to put in place measures in order to prevent the recurrence of such damages. However, Korea must be able to prove a causal relationship between the relevant actions and resulting damages if it is to raise objections to the construction or request certain damage-prevention actions against crucial adverse effects on the marine environment out of respect for China’s right to develop resources and acts of use thereof. Therefore, it is essential to cumulate continuous monitoring and evaluations information pertaining to marine environmental changes and impacts or responses of affected waters as well as acquisition of scientific baseline data with observed changes in such baseline. As China has adopted a somewhat nonchalant attitude toward taking adequate actions to protect against marine pollution risks or adverse effects caused by the construction and operation of China’s Three Gorges Dam, there is a need to persuade China to adopt a more active stance and become involved in the monitoring and co-investigation of the Yellow Sea in order to protect the marine enviro","PeriodicalId":35665,"journal":{"name":"Ocean and Polar Research","volume":"37 1","pages":"341-356"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70345957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"갯벌복원의 함의와 복원추진체계 구축에 관한 연구","authors":"남정호, 손규희, 김종성","doi":"10.4217/OPR.2015.37.3.211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4217/OPR.2015.37.3.211","url":null,"abstract":"Korean society has been recently promoting the restoration of coastal wetlands. These efforts might become the basis of a policy framework that compensates for the limitations of a regulation-oriented policy such as the designation of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs). The shift in government policy could contribute to strengthening the socioeconomic infrastructure of coastal development through the accumulation of ecological capital. Although our scientific efforts and social demands in regard to the ecological restoration of the coastal wetlands have increased during the past years, the bases for restoration in Korea requires that scientific, technological, financial, social and legal aspects be enhanced. The present study re-examined the concept and attitudes behind coastal wetland restoration in the light of changing circumstances in Korea. Herein, we first defined coastal wetland restoration as “An act of recovering the functions of the ecosystem of coastal wetlands to a state that resembles conditions prior to being damaged.” Next, this study discussed the limitations and future directions of such restoration efforts based on the descriptive analyses of recent restoration practices from social, economic, and technological aspects. Finally, we suggest future policy directions regarding coastal wetland restoration on the basis of a PFST (Policy, Financial, Social, and Technological) analysis; 1) re-arranging legal mechanisms, 2) setting multidimensional restoration goals, 3) establishing a multi-discipline- and convergence based R&D system, 4) linking spatial management and local development to the restoration, 5) building restoration governance at the local level, 6) implementing an ecosystem service payment system, and 7) applying test-bed projects in accordance with proper directions.","PeriodicalId":35665,"journal":{"name":"Ocean and Polar Research","volume":"37 1","pages":"211-223"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70345590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"전 세계 대양 영양염 자료의 상호 비교성 향상을 위한 국제동향","authors":"TaeKeun Rho, Eun-Soo Kim, Sungtek Kahng, Sung-Rok Cho","doi":"10.4217/OPR.2015.37.3.225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4217/OPR.2015.37.3.225","url":null,"abstract":"To understand the fluctuation of global carbon levels caused by the biogeochemical cycle within the ocean interior, it is essential to achieve comparability of global oceanic nutrient data to a fairly high degree. The Scientific Committee on Ocean Research (SCOR) commissioned a working group (WG147) to establish a system for achieving comparability of oceanic nutrient data within 1% among laboratories around the world. The introduction of international activities for improving nutrient comparability will facilitate the use of nutrient reference material of seawater by researchers within Korea, which will help in meeting international standards of nutrient comparability and promote international cooperation.","PeriodicalId":35665,"journal":{"name":"Ocean and Polar Research","volume":"37 1","pages":"225-233"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70345664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Key Layouts of the 5,000 ton` New Scientific Research Vessel of KIOST","authors":"Cheong-Kee Park","doi":"10.4217/OPR.2015.37.3.235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4217/OPR.2015.37.3.235","url":null,"abstract":"The main purpose of procuring the oceanographic research vessel with state-of-the-art technology is to provide a floating laboratory to conduct field work on the global oceans. The vessel should be properly utilized to locate and evaluate unexplored natural resources as well as to contribute international efforts to better understand and manage global environmental issues. Top priorities in the vessel design are high safety standards, noise and vibration control efficiency, and effective application of research equipment. For the accomplishment of all activities, the vessel length over all should be extended ~100 m with a gross tonnage of ~5,900 ton. In particular, the dynamic positioning system II will essentially operate at sea state 6. The high efficiency emissions reduction system will also be adopted in preparation for entry into force of 3rd exhaust emission control (Tier III). About 130 navigational and scientific instruments will be installed. The final design and model test of the new research vessel were reviewed and completed, respectively, in 2014. Currently, the ship is being built on schedule and expected to be delivered in December 2015. Within the near future, the new vessel will assume the role of carrying out multidisciplinary oceanographic researches of the highest standards in a technologically advanced and environment friendly manner.","PeriodicalId":35665,"journal":{"name":"Ocean and Polar Research","volume":"37 1","pages":"235-247"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70345672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"엘니뇨/라니냐가 북서태평양 아열대 난수역과 북부동중국해의 중형동물플랑크톤 생체량에 미치는 영향","authors":"강형구, 신창웅, 전동철","doi":"10.4217/OPR.2015.37.3.189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4217/OPR.2015.37.3.189","url":null,"abstract":"Mesozooplankton biomass including total biomass and size-fractionated biomass and the abundance of major taxonomic groups of copepods were studied in the Northwestern Subtropical Pacific Warm Pool (NSPWP) and the Northern East China Sea (NECS) from 2006 to 2014. Mesozooplankton biomass ranged from 0.69 to 3.08 mgC/m³ (mean 1.12 mgC/m³) in the NSPWP and from 10.60 to 69.10 mgC/m³ (mean 30.33 mgC/m³) in the NECS with higher values in spring than fall. Percent composition in the biomass of each size group of mesozooplankton varied interannually both in the NSPWP and in the NECS. The smallest size group (0.2~0.5 mm) contributed the least to total biomass in both regions, but significantly higher in the NSPWP than in the NECS. The percent composition in abundance of copepod taxonomic groups (i.e. Calanoida, Cyclopoida, and Poecilostomatoida) also fluctuated interannually. Mean composition of calanoid copepods was higher in the NECS than in the NSPWP, but the opposite pattern was observed for poecilostomatoid copepods. Mesozooplankton biomass both in the NSPWP and in the NECS was negatively correlated with Oceanic Nino Index (ONI), indicating declines in biomass during El Nino periods and vice versa during Na Nina period. The effect of El Nino on variation of mesozooplankton biomass was more prominent in the NSPWP than in the NECS. These results suggest that mesozooplankton biomass both in the NSPWP and in the NECS responded to El Nino events, although the biological process that explain the reduced mesozooplankton biomass might be different in both regions.","PeriodicalId":35665,"journal":{"name":"Ocean and Polar Research","volume":"37 1","pages":"189-200"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70345541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"동해 ARGO 플로트의 투하 전략","authors":"박종진, 박종숙","doi":"10.4217/OPR.2015.37.3.179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4217/OPR.2015.37.3.179","url":null,"abstract":"This study was carried out to determine the optimal number of ARGO floats in the East Sea in order to maximize their applications. The dominant spatio-temporal scale, size of the domain, and the typical float lifetimes in the East Sea were taken into consideration. The mean spatial de-correlation scale of temperature on isobaric surfaces reaches about 60 km. The minimum necessary number of floats is about 82 on average in order to secure independent ARGO profiles with the de-correlation scale. Considering the float lifetimes, about 27 floats per year should be deployed to maintain the 82 ARGO float array every year. To obtain spatially uniform distribution of ARGO float data, mean residence time and dispersion rate (basin area/residence time) of ARGO floats were evaluated in each basin of the East Sea. A faster (slower) dispersion rate requires more (less) ARGO floats to maintain the spatially uniform number of floats. According to the analysis, it is likely that the optimal ratio of the number of floats for each basin is 1:2:4 corresponding to Ulleung Basin:Yamato Basin:Japan Basin. In order to maintain relatively uniform ARGO observing networks, it is necessary to establish a long-term plan for deployment strategy based on float pathways and the dispersion rate parameters estimated by using currently active ARGO float trajectory data as well as reanalysis data.","PeriodicalId":35665,"journal":{"name":"Ocean and Polar Research","volume":"7 1","pages":"179-188"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70345530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interactive Effects of Increased Temperature and pCO 2 Concentration on the Growth of a Brown Algae Ecklonia cava in the Sporophyte and Gametophyte Stages","authors":"Ji Chul Oh, O. Yu, H. Choi","doi":"10.4217/OPR.2015.37.3.201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4217/OPR.2015.37.3.201","url":null,"abstract":"To examine the effects of increased CO₂ concentration and seawater temperature on the photosynthesis and growth of forest forming Ecklonia cava (Laminariales, Phaeophyta), sporophytic discs and gametophytes were cultured under three pCO₂ concentrations (380, 750, 1000 ppm), four temperatures (5, 10, 15, 20℃ for sporophytes; 10, 15, 20, 25℃ for gametophytes), and two irradiance levels (40, 80 μmol photons m ?2 s ?1 ) for 5 days. Photosynthetic parameter values (ETR max , E k , and α) were generally higher as sporophytic discs were grown under low temperature and increased CO₂ concentration at 750 ppm. However, photosynthesis of Ecklonia sporophytes was severely inhibited under a combination of high temperature (20℃) and 1000 ppm CO₂ concentration at the two photon irradiance levels. The growth of gametophytes was maximal at the combination of 380 ppm (present seawater CO₂ concentration) and 25℃. Minimal growth of gametophytes occurred at enriched pCO₂ concentration levels (750, 1000 ppm) and high temperature of 25℃. The present results imply that climate change which is increasing seawater temperature and pCO₂ concentration might diminish Ecklonia cava kelp beds because of a reduction in recruitments caused by the growth inhibition of gametophytes at high pCO₂ concentration. In addition, the effects of increased temperature and pCO₂ concentration were different between generations - revealing an enhancement in the photosynthesis of sporophytes and a reduction in the growth of gametophytes.","PeriodicalId":35665,"journal":{"name":"Ocean and Polar Research","volume":"37 1","pages":"201-209"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70345581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extreme tsunami inundation at Babi Island due to Flores earthquake induced tsunami in 1992","authors":"K. Kim, D. Kim, J. Yuk, E. Pelinovsky, B. Choi","doi":"10.4217/OPR.2015.37.2.091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4217/OPR.2015.37.2.091","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we investigated the phenomenon of extreme run-up at Babi Island in Indonesia caused by the 1992 Flores earthquake (Mw = 7.8) using a series of three-dimensional numerical modeling experiments. Simulations were carried out to investigate how much the presence/absence of the coast of Flores affects the generation of the extreme inundation at Babi Island through the reflection process of tsunami waves.","PeriodicalId":35665,"journal":{"name":"Ocean and Polar Research","volume":"37 1","pages":"91-105"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70345826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}