Technology of technosphere safety最新文献_第3页

A model for information support of fire brigades management when extinguishing fires in buildings 楼宇灭火时消防队管理信息支持模型

Technology of technosphere safety Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.25257/tts.2022.2.96.141-150

K. Mikhailov

{"title":"A model for information support of fire brigades management when extinguishing fires in buildings","authors":"K. Mikhailov","doi":"10.25257/tts.2022.2.96.141-150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25257/tts.2022.2.96.141-150","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Fire brigades carry out actions to extinguish fires in buildings in conditions of insufficient visibility. To increase the probability of extinguishing a fire by the first arriving unit, it is necessary to improve their information support. For information support for fire brigades control, it is suggested to use shortwave infrared range monitoring tools. The results of assessing the degree of influence of factors (smoke conditions and the availability of short-wave infrared range means) on the information support of fire brigades when extinguishing fires in buildings are presented. Goals and objectives. The aim of the study is to improve the information support of fire brigades based on the use of short-wave infrared monitoring tools when extinguishing fires in buildings. The objectives of the study are to build a factor model, determine the level of significance of factors – conditions for information support of fire departments and smoke conditions during a fire in a building, and analyze the results obtained. Methods. When conducting the research on constructing a factor model and determining the degree of influence of factors on the information support of fire brigades when extinguishing fires in buildings, scientific methods were used: analysis, synthesis, factor experiment, statistical processing of experimental data. Results and discussion. The results of the evaluation of the influence of factors on the information support of fire brigades showed that both factors – the degree of smoke and the availability of short-wave infrared monitoring tools are significant. In turn, improved information support conditions increase the likelihood of conducting a fire reconnaissance in the building. The results of the study can be used in the educational process when training personnel of fire brigades to practice professional skills. Conclusions. A factor model was built, which made it possible to determine the degree of influence of factors on the information support of fire departments when extinguishing fires in a building. It was found that the factors – smoke conditions and the availability of short-wave infrared monitoring tools are significant for information support of fire department management when extinguishing fires in a building. Keywords: visibility, smoke degree, short-wave infrared range, the source of fire.","PeriodicalId":356653,"journal":{"name":"Technology of technosphere safety","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130679366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Algorithm for determining limits of individual fire risk for Vietnam 确定越南个人火灾风险极限的算法

Technology of technosphere safety Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.25257/tts.2022.4.98.52-67

N. N. Brushlinsky, S. V. Sokolov, N. L. Prisyazhnyuk, V. H. Truong

{"title":"Algorithm for determining limits of individual fire risk for Vietnam","authors":"N. N. Brushlinsky, S. V. Sokolov, N. L. Prisyazhnyuk, V. H. Truong","doi":"10.25257/tts.2022.4.98.52-67","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25257/tts.2022.4.98.52-67","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Fire risk management is an important part of any country's fire safety. For fire risk management, the normative value of individual fire risk (IFR) is important. This indicator allows fire safety specialists to compare the actual (calculated) values of an individual fire risk with its standard value. In many countries of the world, the values of IFR are defined, but in Vietnam such a standard has not yet been established, which complicates management activities in the field of fire safety. To establish the value of IFR, the limiting indicators of this value are initially determined. Aims and Purposes. The purpose of this article is to define an upper and lower limit for individual fire risk. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to develop an algorithm and apply it to determine the limiting values of the IFR. Methods. Used methods of mathematical analysis and methods of mathematical statistics. Results and discussion. Based on the results of the study, an algorithm was obtained for determining the upper and lower limit levels of individual fire risk in Vietnam and their specific values. This is an important step in directly defining the value of the IFR for Vietnam. Creating the value of IFR is extremely necessary when making managerial decisions to ensure the fire safety of territories and objects economically in Vietnam. Conclusions. Based on the developed algorithm, it was found that the indicator of the upper limit level of individual fire risk for Vietnam is 3,7∙10-6 and the indicator of the lower limit level is 3,7∙10-8. This means that the death toll from the fires in Vietnam must be higher than 3,7 deaths per 100 million people. per year and below 3,7 victims. per 1 million people in year. The value of the normative individual fire risk in Vietnam should be within these limits. Keywords: individual fire risk, marginal risk level, null hypothesis, ALARP principle, regression analysis.","PeriodicalId":356653,"journal":{"name":"Technology of technosphere safety","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127903026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

SYSTEM OF MODELS FOR ANALYZING THE RESPONSE EFFICIENCY OF FIRE DEPARTMENTS 分析消防部门反应效率的模型系统

Technology of technosphere safety Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.25257/tts.2019.3.85.65-76

V. Vilisov, V. Semikov, S. P. Alexeev

引用次数: 0

FEATURES OF THE SOCIOTECHNICAL SYSTEM OF SAVING PEOPLE IN CASE OF FIRE IN A PUBLIC BUILDING 公共建筑火灾救援社会技术系统的特点

Technology of technosphere safety Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.25257/TTS.2019.1.83.101-112

V. Kolodkin, D. Varlamov

引用次数: 0

Model and methodology for assessing the degree of complexity of buildings for organizing the actions of fire departments 评估建筑物复杂程度的模型和方法，以组织消防部门的行动

Technology of technosphere safety Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.25257/tts.2022.2.96.69-81

Egor Vladimirovich Stepanov, Min Khoang Kha Chan, S. Butuzov, V. V. Terebnev, D. Tarakanov

{"title":"Model and methodology for assessing the degree of complexity of buildings for organizing the actions of fire departments","authors":"Egor Vladimirovich Stepanov, Min Khoang Kha Chan, S. Butuzov, V. V. Terebnev, D. Tarakanov","doi":"10.25257/tts.2022.2.96.69-81","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25257/tts.2022.2.96.69-81","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Extinguishing fires in buildings causes the need for firefighters to carry out actions in conditions of limited visibility and unsuitable for breathing environment. To ensure fire safety of buildings of increased complexity and basements of complex layout, it is necessary to equip fire protection units with breathing apparatus with extended protective action time. The decision on equipment is made by the head of the territorial body of EMERCOM of Russia. However, at the moment there are no methods and criteria for assessing the degree of complexity of buildings in terms of the actions of fire departments. Accordingly, the person making the decision on equipment is based only on experience in extinguishing similar fires. Goals and objectives. The aim of the study is to develop a model for assessing the degree of complexity of buildings to support decision-making in extinguishing fires. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to develop a model and methodology for assessing the degree of complexity of buildings for firefighters in an inhospitable environment. Methods. In the course of this study, a graph model was used to formalize the description of the degree of complexity of the building. The complexity assessment was carried out according to four parameters relative to the average value obtained for all the studied objects. Simulation modeling was used to assess the reliability of the research results. Results and its discussion. A model and methodology for determining the spatial degree of complexity of the task for the actions of fire departments have been developed, which allow determining the relative complexity index. The comparison of the results of the assessment of the degree of complexity of buildings with the time of the survey by gas and smoke protectors obtained as a result of the simulation modeling was carried out. Conclusions. The application of the results of the study will allow the decision-maker to determine the degree of complexity of buildings, which is necessary when choosing breathing apparatus with an extended protective action time and when predicting the likelihood of large (from the point of view of extinguishing tactics) fires. Keywords: degree of complexity of the building, fire protection units, large fires, graph model, assessment methodology.","PeriodicalId":356653,"journal":{"name":"Technology of technosphere safety","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116717847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

ANALYSIS OF STRUCTURAL AND LOGIC MODEL OF RESERVATION OF THE MEANS OF OPERATIONAL FIRE MONITORING 实用型火灾监控装置预留的结构与逻辑模型分析

Technology of technosphere safety Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.25257/tts.2019.2.84.99-107

A. V. Kuznetsov, Ivanovo Fire, M. O. Bakanov, D. Tarakanov

引用次数: 0

Assessment of the behavior of the staff of shops of shopping and entertainment centers when organizing the evacuation of people 在组织人员疏散时，对购物娱乐中心商店工作人员的行为进行评估

Technology of technosphere safety Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.25257/tts.2022.3.97.144-159

Andrey Aleksandrovich Efimov, D. Shikhalev

{"title":"Assessment of the behavior of the staff of shops of shopping and entertainment centers when organizing the evacuation of people","authors":"Andrey Aleksandrovich Efimov, D. Shikhalev","doi":"10.25257/tts.2022.3.97.144-159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25257/tts.2022.3.97.144-159","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Fires in shopping and entertainment centers often receive a wide public response. First of all, this is due to the large number of dead and injured people. The results of domestic and foreign studies in the field of evacuation indicate that the behavior of personnel is one of the key factors affecting the safety of people in case of fire. However, the analysis of information about large fires at such facilities showed that the staff of shopping and entertainment centers does not always have the appropriate level of training and skills to organize the evacuation of visitors to the facility, which negatively affects the process under consideration. The established facts confirm the relevance of the research topic. Goals and objectives. The purpose of the study is to establish the factors influencing the process of organizing the evacuation of people by collecting and analyzing information about the actions of personnel when various signs of fire appear. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to conduct a survey of persons responsible for the evacuation of visitors to shopping and entertainment centers. Methods. To formalize the decision-making process and obtain data on the behavior of the staff of shopping and entertainment centers when organizing the evacuation of visitors, identifying their quantitative parameters and prevalence, a proven method of individual questioning was used. Results and its discussion. In the course of the study, a survey of the staff of shops of shopping and entertainment centers (384 respondents) was conducted. Important facts in the field of organization of the evacuation process have been revealed. Algorithms of personnel actions have been established when various signs of fire appear, as well as the procedure for organizing evacuation has been formalized. Conclusions. The results obtained will be applied in the development of an information and analytical system to support management decision-making in the organization of evacuation from shopping and entertainment centers. Computer simulation of evacuation, taking into account the algorithms obtained, will allow us to determine rational strategies for organizing the evacuation of people. Keywords: survey, evacuation organization, store staff, shopping and entertainment center, decision support.","PeriodicalId":356653,"journal":{"name":"Technology of technosphere safety","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121265380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Studying of some dangerous factors of the initial stage of fire in residential premises with the use of modern technical means 运用现代技术手段对住宅火灾初期的一些危险因素进行了研究

Technology of technosphere safety Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.25257/tts.2021.2.92.33-46

E. Anosova, M. Kaziev, A. N. Shushpanov, A. G. Litvinenko

{"title":"Studying of some dangerous factors of the initial stage of fire in residential premises with the use of modern technical means","authors":"E. Anosova, M. Kaziev, A. N. Shushpanov, A. G. Litvinenko","doi":"10.25257/tts.2021.2.92.33-46","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25257/tts.2021.2.92.33-46","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. An experimental installation with data logging based on the Arduino platform was developed to implement the approach used in modeling the spread of fire hazards in small rooms. The values of the heat flow from the convective column of the combustion center in the initial stage of the fire for a residential building with a predominant cellulose load were determined using obtained device according to the zone model of the fire. Goals and objectives. The purpose of this work is to create a compact device that allows us to quickly assess the development of fire hazards over time at the initial stage of their occurrence and to hold experiments at objects comparable in size to real fragments of buildings and premises. Methods. An experiment with the use of the field test method of fire hazard testing and an assumption about the possibility of using the developed device in testing the dynamics of the spread of fire hazards in rooms with a cellulose fire load was conducted. It is based on the data about the zonal modeling of the spread of fire hazards using modern technical means. Results and discussions. Experimental studies seem to be a necessary part of the forecast of the spread of fire hazards in residential premises. Field fire tests, which refer to tests of fragments of buildings and structures that are close in size to real objects, are able most accurately convey the conditions that occur in apartments and private homes during the fire phase. The current level of development of microelectronics makes it possible to use hardware and software for a wide range of people, including those who do not have a special education. Device, developed and created by the authors, is based on the Arduino Mega 2560 platform. It is compact and portable. It allows quickly receive and record data from the experiment of modeling fire conditions in small rooms. The obtained results allows us to estimate the level of heat flow of the convective column from the ignited wood, which simulates the fire load in the room to the ceiling, as well as the average temperature of the gas medium and the heat loss coefficient in the ceiling. Conclusions. The using of the experimental device presented by the authors makes it possible to optimize the obtaining of individual characteristics of the dynamics of fire hazards at the initial stage of ignition. Keywords: fire hazards, zone fire model, heat flow, field fire test, arduino platform","PeriodicalId":356653,"journal":{"name":"Technology of technosphere safety","volume":"106 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114629905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mathematical basis of stochastic modeling multicomponent risks in security systems 安全系统多组分风险随机建模的数学基础

Technology of technosphere safety Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.25257/tts.2021.4.94.125-143

M. Prus

{"title":"Mathematical basis of stochastic modeling multicomponent risks in security systems","authors":"M. Prus","doi":"10.25257/tts.2021.4.94.125-143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25257/tts.2021.4.94.125-143","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. It is shown that the development of methods for modeling multicomponent risks is a promising direction for improving information and analytical support for control in security systems. The purpose of the study is to develop new approaches to the study of natural, technogenic and anthropogenic risks based on stochastic modeling of the structure of multicomponent risks in socio-technical systems. Methods of stochastic modeling are based on a matrix representation of risk components, detailing the states of the protected object and the probabilistic characteristics of the functioning of security systems. Results and discussion. A method for analyzing multicomponent risks is presented, reflecting in-depth detailing of the states of the protected object and the probabilistic characteristics of the functioning of security systems. A stochastic model has been built that describes the structure of risk as a result of the interaction of two components, a multiplier and an accelerator, associated with various elements of the model, which, respectively, determine the possibility of occurrence of dangerous events, as well as the degree of vulnerability of protected objects. A connection is established between the indicators of expected losses in a certain territory with the presence of forces, means and systems of protection against the effects of hazardous factors and their current state. The procedures for determining the main parameters of the proposed stochastic model based on statistical and expert methods are discussed. A mathematical toolkit has been created for comparative analysis of the effectiveness of measures to reduce risks in socio-technical systems. The problem of multicriteria combinatorial optimization of planned costs and distribution of financial, material, technical and labor resources in territorial security systems is formulated. Conclusions. Methods for modeling multicomponent risks can be used to create effective algorithms for supporting risk-oriented management in security systems. Key words: stochastic modeling, multicomponent risk, socio-technical system, risk management, security system.","PeriodicalId":356653,"journal":{"name":"Technology of technosphere safety","volume":"114 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123328661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF EXTINGUISHING OIL POWER TRANSFORMERS 灭火油电力变压器的实验研究

Technology of technosphere safety Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.25257/TTS.2019.2.84.27-34

A. Rozhkov, D. Perednya, O. A. Dyuzhakov, Llc Promo Consulting

引用次数: 0