Technology of technosphere safety最新文献

{"title":"Fire explosion hazard and thermal analysis of 5-aminolevulinic acid and its intermediate product","authors":"A. Vasin, A. N. Shushpanov, G. G. Gadzhiev","doi":"10.25257/tts.2019.4.86.13-27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25257/tts.2019.4.86.13-27","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":356653,"journal":{"name":"Technology of technosphere safety","volume":"157 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117147765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Results of a survey of facility managers in the field of fire safety management","authors":"D. Shikhalev","doi":"10.25257/tts.2022.2.96.123-140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25257/tts.2022.2.96.123-140","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The article presents the results of a survey of facility managers in the field of fire safety management. The survey was conducted to assess the capabilities of the manager in the field of managing the fire safety system To do this, a survey was conducted of the heads of organizations (persons responsible for ensuring fire safety) in terms of their organizational activities in the field of ensuring fire safety. The task of the work is to identify the features of the managerial activity of the facility manager (the person responsible for ensuring fire safety) in the field of managing the fire safety system in order to detail the management problems that have developed in this area. Methods. To conduct the survey, the method of individual questioning was used. To process the obtained results, the method of frequency analysis was applied using the SPSS software package. Results. The data obtained made it possible to identify the social portrait of the head of the facility, to assess his level of qualification, both in the field of fire safety and in the field of managing the fire safety system. The features of the organization of activities in the field of management of the fire safety system are revealed. Methods are proposed in terms of forming an extended structure of the control system, built so that at each stage of the life cycle of the building, the facility manager can obtain a quantitative description of the fire safety state of the facility and a set of alternatives if such a state requires intervention. Conclusion. The factors influencing the assessment of the state of the controlled system and the manager's awareness of the level of fire safety are determined. The problems faced by the head of the facility in the management of fire safety in the organization are identified. Fire safety management has been reduced to the level of monitoring the performance of fire protection systems. Methods for solving the existing problem of managing the fire safety system are proposed. Keywords: fire safety, management, survey, fire safety system, head of the object of protection.","PeriodicalId":356653,"journal":{"name":"Technology of technosphere safety","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125324696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Statistical and causal factors analysis of accidents at oil refining and petrochemical industry of Russia and Kazakhstan","authors":"A. V. Fedorov, K. Ospanov, E. Lomaev, A. M. Aleshkov, M. Mintsaev","doi":"10.25257/tts.2021.2.92.156-168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25257/tts.2021.2.92.156-168","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Every year, at the facilities of the oil refining and petrochemical industries of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Kazakhstan, emergency situations occur with the emissions of dangerous substances, fires and explosions leading to human casualties, major material damage to the economy and ecology of regions and states. To reduce the number of accidents at the facilities under consideration, first of all, it is necessary to determine the primary source - the cause of which the emergency occurred. Goals and objectives. The main aim is analysis of annual quantitative changes in the number of accidents and their consequences, identification of the main cause-and-effect relationships of accidents. Methods. To obtain the results, general scientific and special methods of scientific knowledge were used: analysis, synthesis, generalization, which were based on the provisions of the theory of systems, information theory. The results of the study. An assessment of the frequency of occurrence of fire-hazardous events, their cause-and-effect relationships was carried out by means of an analytical review of accidents that have already occurred at the facilities of the oil refining and petrochemical industry of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2015-2019. Conclusions. The analytical review of the statistics of emergency events at the facilities of the oil refining and petrochemical industry in Russia and Kazakhstan for 2015-2019 showed no tendency to reduce both the number of accidents and their consequences. The predominant types of accidents occurred were fires and explosions, the main fatally damaging factor for people was thermal burns. Main causes of accidents and their antecedent factors of development were determined. The results of the study provide a clear picture of the problems that exist at the facilities of the oil refining and petrochemical industry of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Kazakhstan. It was shown that open technological installations of NNP facilities are the most dangerous and allow us to imagine, simulate and consider scenarios for the development of an emergency situation at this type of installations. Keywords: accident, analysis, fire, explosion, damage, depressurization, risk, statistics","PeriodicalId":356653,"journal":{"name":"Technology of technosphere safety","volume":"81 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116027823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Threshold square model of the dependence of radiation effects on radiation dose","authors":"A. Zavorotnyy","doi":"10.25257/tts.2020.3.89.65-74","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25257/tts.2020.3.89.65-74","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Operation of radiation hazardous facilities is a reality of the modern world, and the future of the world economy is impossible without the development of nuclear and radiation technologies. At the same time, the widespread use of atomic energy puts forward an important and responsible task of ensuring the safety of the population and the environment in conditions of an increased risk of exposure to ionizing radiation and radioactive substances. In accordance with clause 3.2.1 of the \"Radiation Safety Standards NRB-99/2009\", the planned increased exposure of persons involved in emergency rescue operations related to the elimination of the consequences of radiation accidents is allowed for men, as a rule, over 30 years old only with their voluntary written consent, after informing about possible radiation doses and health risks. Increased exposure refers to exposure in excess of the basic dose limits under controlled (normal) operating conditions of radiation sources. Goals and objectives. The aim of the study is to increase the functionality of emergency services and fire and rescue subdivisions to perform tasks as intended in the elimination of radiation accidents. The tasks include the construction and substantiation of a model that allows converting the risks of deterministic effects into stochastic effects risks. Methods. When calculating the probability of output of stochastic and deterministic effects depending on the radiation dose and developing a threshold quadratic model, the least squares method and the probabilistic-statistical method were used. Results and discussion. The article shows that a linear non-threshold model of the interaction of radiation with matter greatly overestimates the risk of a stochastic effect emerging at doses of radiation. For example, this overestimation is 8,13 at a dose of D = 0,2 Sv/year. In this regard, a threshold quadratic model has been developed and proposed to be replaced by a threshold quadratic model, which makes it possible to increase the planned irradiation of personnel of emergency services and fire and rescue units during the elimination of radiation accidents in an effective dose from 0,2 Sv to 0,57 Sv, moreover, the probability of emergence of stochastic effects P2 = 0,0084 remains the same for both models. Conclusions. An increase in the maximum permissible dose of radiation for personnel of emergency services and fire and rescue units from 0,2 Sv/year to 0,5 Sv/year will make it possible to increase the functionality of the emergency services and fire and rescue units to perform tasks as intended by 2,5 times when elimination of radiation accidents. For example, the scope of rescue operations may be increased from 100 %, performed at a dose of D = 0,2 Sv/year, to 250 %, performed at a dose of D = 0,5 Sv/year. Key words: emergency services, fire and rescue units, radiation accidents, irradiation, linear no-threshold model, threshold quadratic model.","PeriodicalId":356653,"journal":{"name":"Technology of technosphere safety","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122947087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of distribution places for fire protection departments for socially significant objects against fire","authors":"Aleksandr Alekseevich Poroshin","doi":"10.25257/tts.2022.4.98.68-78","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25257/tts.2022.4.98.68-78","url":null,"abstract":"Annotation. The issues of determining the locations of fire departments for fire protection of buildings of functional fire hazard classes F1.1, F1.2, F4.1, F4.2 are considered. Purpose and objectives. The aim of the study is to study the features of the placement of fire departments to ensure the fire safety of socially significant objects of protection, taking into account their equipment with fire notification transmission systems. The objective of the study is to identify problematic issues for the protection of socially significant objects from fires and determine ways to solve them. Methods. The methods set out in the set of rules SP 11.13130.2009 “Locations of fire departments. Order and method of determination”. Results and discussion. Based on the provisions of SP 11.13130.2009, with the chosen goals for the duty guard to go to the fire (goal No. 1 and 3), calculations were made to determine the maximum allowable distances (L1 and L3) for buildings of functional fire hazard classes F1.1, F1.2, F4.1, F4.2. The initial data for the calculation are substantiated. It was obtained that the values of distances L1 and L3 for buildings of class F1.1, respectively, should be 4.9 and 0.8 km. For buildings of class F1.2 – 6.5 and 0.4 km, for buildings of classes F4.1 and F4.2 – 3.0 and 0.4 km. An example of the construction of territorial areas for the placement of fire station buildings for a perinatal center, a school, a hotel is considered, taking into account the transport network of a settlement. Conclusions. The fulfillment of goal No. 3 of the departure of the duty guard to the fire for buildings of functional fire hazard classes F1.1, F1.2, F4.1, F4.2 is problematic given the existing, historically established, deployment of existing fire departments. It is proposed to consider the implementation of organizational and technical measures for the fire protection of socially significant facilities, or to implement measures for the construction of new fire station buildings (posts) on the territory of the settlement. Keywords: socially significant object, fire notification system, fire station, location, fire departments, purpose of departure, transport network.","PeriodicalId":356653,"journal":{"name":"Technology of technosphere safety","volume":"265 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128771825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The ranking model of multifunctional training facilities for special training of firefighters","authors":"D. N. Shalyavin, Ivanovo Fire, A. Kulagin, A. A. Sorokin","doi":"10.25257/tts.2019.4.86.71-78","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25257/tts.2019.4.86.71-78","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":356653,"journal":{"name":"Technology of technosphere safety","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128570429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF THE DEPENDENCE OF DAMAGES FROM THE TIME OF ARRIVAL OF THE FIRST FIRE DIVISION TO FIRE","authors":"V. Semikov, S. Alekseev, V. Vilisov","doi":"10.25257/TTS.2019.2.84.72-83","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25257/TTS.2019.2.84.72-83","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":356653,"journal":{"name":"Technology of technosphere safety","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126879188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Peculiarities of work of units of the gas and smoke protection service during mass rescue of people","authors":"Sergey Nikolaevich Smygalin, A. D. Ischenko, I.V. Korshunov, Alexander Vladimirovich Smagin, M. Shurygin, Gabdullin Vladislav Bulatovich","doi":"10.25257/tts.2022.2.96.20-33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25257/tts.2022.2.96.20-33","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. It is well known that in case of fire at facilities with a massive presence of people, there are difficulties in evacuating or rescuing the victims. The reason is the following factors: 1) Visitors do not know the location of the emergency exits, in addition to this, people experience a feeling of fear that suppresses logical thinking; 2) Due to the time spent on concentrating the forces and means of fire departments, rescue of people from smoky premises is not organized in time, which can lead to tragic consequences; 3) Insufficient time of the protective action of breathing apparatus with compressed air and dense smoke do not allow to quickly find the victims. This paper presents the results of modeling and an experiment carried out by the authors to rescue the victims. During the experiment, the necessary number of gas and smoke protection service units was concentrated in advance and ready to rescue the victims, which is almost impossible in a real fire. The paper investigates the difficulties of the work of gas and smoke protection service units in rescuing people at facilities with a massive stay of people, not taking into account the impact of fire hazards. The aims and objectives. The aim of the work is to investigate the features of functioning of the gas and smoke protection service units during mass rescue operations. Methodology. The mechanism of the work of the gas and air search and rescue units during mass rescue works is studied. The work time of the gas and smoke protection service units, spent on the rescue of victims, is described. The experiment was carried out practically under ideal conditions, allowing to concentrate the forces and means of the fire-rescue garrison in the amount hypothetically sufficient for carrying out rescue operations in an unbreathable environment at facilities with mass stay of people. The results of the study. The mechanism of link operation is investigated and presented during mass rescue operations. Difficulties of mass rescue are visually shown. In the conditions of the largely idealized experiment within twenty minutes on two routes simultaneously could be conditionally extracted from the smoke-filled rooms no more than 18 people. The time difference between the first and the last rescued was more than 20 minutes. Conclusion. The results of the study determine the need for significant adaptation of methods and development of technical means for solving problems during mass rescue operations in an unbreathable environment. Keywords: rescue works, gas and smoke rescue unit, breathing apparatus, time, distance, victim.","PeriodicalId":356653,"journal":{"name":"Technology of technosphere safety","volume":"81 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130594059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ANALYSIS OF INFORMATION AND MODELING SYSTEMS TO SUPPORT DECISION-MAKING IN RESPONDING TO RADIATION EMERGENCIES","authors":"E. Popov, V. A. Panteleev, M. Segal’, S. Gavrilov, V. Sednev, I. Lysenko","doi":"10.25257/tts.2019.2.84.119-131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25257/tts.2019.2.84.119-131","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":356653,"journal":{"name":"Technology of technosphere safety","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127878656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of video surveillance equipment for fire detection","authors":"A. Chlenov, A. Kochegarov, T. Butcinskaya, A. M. Aleshkov","doi":"10.25257/tts.2021.1.91.107-120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25257/tts.2021.1.91.107-120","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The fire safety of the protected object is determined by the possibility of reliable fire detection. Insufficiently effective operation of the fire alarm system can lead to the death of people, unacceptable material and other damage. The video surveillance system, being one of the main links of the engineering security system, monitors emergency situations in real time and, in particular, a breakout of fire at the protected object. Goals and objectives. The purpose of the article is to analyze the state and trends in the development of video surveillance equipment aimed at improving the fire safety of protected objects. Tasks include regulatory justification of the use of video surveillance in fire alarm systems, review of methods of fire detection by video surveillance and improving their effectiveness under the influence of interfering factors, as well as evaluation of the effectiveness of video surveillance in fire protection systems. Methods. The methods of the system analysis and probability theory are used. Results and discussion. The requirements of regulatory documents for detectors with a video detection channel for their effective operation in fire alarm systems are considered. The main directions of development of means and methods of application of video surveillance in fire protection systems are defined. It is shown that reducing the risk of non-detection of fire to an acceptable level can be achieved by increasing the probability of effective operation of the fire alarm system, as well as by increasing the positive impact of the video surveillance system, which is a part of the complex security system of the object. Conclusions. Video surveillance significantly increases the efficiency of fire detection. It allows you to get a visual picture of the state of the protected object, which has such a high information content that no other security means can provide. The use of video surveillance equipment in fire alarm systems, as well as their integration with industrial and fire automation systems is one of the main reserves for increasing the fire safety of facilities. Keywords: video surveillance, fire detector with video detection channel, fire alarm, video analytics, fire protection","PeriodicalId":356653,"journal":{"name":"Technology of technosphere safety","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125441386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}