Japanese Journal of Hygiene最新文献_第9页

[Preface]. (前言)。

Japanese Journal of Hygiene Pub Date : 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.1265/jjh.73.147

Michihiro Kamijima, Katsuyuki Murata

引用次数: 0

[Historical Transition of Sexuality Education in Japan and Outline of Reproductive Health/Rights]. [日本性教育的历史转型和生殖健康/权利纲要]。

Japanese Journal of Hygiene Pub Date : 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.1265/jjh.73.178

Emiko Nishioka

{"title":"[Historical Transition of Sexuality Education in Japan and Outline of Reproductive Health/Rights].","authors":"Emiko Nishioka","doi":"10.1265/jjh.73.178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1265/jjh.73.178","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we describe the historical transition of sexuality education in Japan and the direction of sexuality education taken by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT). Reproductive health/rights, a key concept in sex education, is also discussed. In Japanese society, discussion on sexuality has long been considered taboo. After the Second World War, sexuality education in Japan began as \"purity education.\" From 1960 until the early 1970s, physical aspects such as genital organs, function, secondary sexual characteristics, and gender differences were emphasized. Comprehensive education as a human being, including physiological, psychological, and social aspects, began to be adopted in the late 1970s. In 2002, it was criticized that teaching genital terms at primary schools and teaching about sexual intercourse and contraceptive methods at junior high schools were \"overdue guidance\" and \"extreme contents.\" Sexuality education in schools has become a problem and has stagnated for about 10 years. Currently, schools teach sexuality education that does not deviate from the MEXT course guidelines. The direction of MEXT regarding sexuality education should be examined from the basic position that sexual activity by children is inappropriate. Reproductive health/rights apply the concept of human rights to sexuality and reproduction. Reproductive health/rights are key concepts that support sex education and women's health.","PeriodicalId":35643,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Hygiene","volume":"73 2","pages":"178-184"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1265/jjh.73.178","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36176829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 10

[Editor's Note]. [编者按]。

Japanese Journal of Hygiene Pub Date : 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.1265/jjh.73.245

Tsuyoshi Tanabe

引用次数: 0

[Editor's Note]. [编者按]。

Japanese Journal of Hygiene Pub Date : 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.1265/jjh.73.96

Teruomi Tsukahara

引用次数: 0

[Recent Trends of Trace Element Studies in Clinical Medicine in Japan]. [日本临床医学微量元素研究的新动向]。

Japanese Journal of Hygiene Pub Date : 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.1265/jjh.73.75

Hiroko Kodama

引用次数: 0

[New Approach to the Investigation of DOHaD Using X-inactivation Gene Expression System]. 用x -失活基因表达系统研究DOHaD的新方法

Japanese Journal of Hygiene Pub Date : 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.1265/jjh.73.101

Takayuki Kumamoto, Shigeru Oshio

{"title":"[New Approach to the Investigation of DOHaD Using X-inactivation Gene Expression System].","authors":"Takayuki Kumamoto, Shigeru Oshio","doi":"10.1265/jjh.73.101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1265/jjh.73.101","url":null,"abstract":"X-chromosome inactivation (XCI) occurs during the gestation period to compensate for the dosage of X-linked genes in female mammals. Xist RNA is a long noncoding RNA with a global epigenetic function and is indispensable for XCI from the initiation to establishment and maintenance phases. The X chromosome contains over 1,000 genes that are essential for proper development, especially that of the brain, immune system, metabolism and reproductive functions. We found that exposure to bisphenol A or folate deficiency during the fetal period changes the expressions of Xist, Tsix (the antisense repressor of Xist), and many X chromosome linked genes widely in newborn mice. This finding suggests that this X-chromosome mediated effect is considered one of the mechanisms of various problems encountered in the fetal environment. The Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) hypothesis states that nutrition and other environmental stimuli during critical periods affect developmental pathways with epigenetics and induce metabolism and chronic disease susceptibility. The XCI process has some similarities to this hypothesis and it may become one of the approaches to reveal the DOHaD mechanisms.","PeriodicalId":35643,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Hygiene","volume":"73 2","pages":"101-104"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1265/jjh.73.101","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36177449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

[Nonregular Employment in a Society with a Decreasing Birthrate: Workers' Marriage, Childbirth, and Childcare]. [低出生率社会中的非正规就业:劳动者的婚姻、生育和育儿]。

Japanese Journal of Hygiene Pub Date : 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.1265/jjh.73.215

Mariko Nishikitani, Mariko Inoue, Shinobu Tsurugano

{"title":"[Nonregular Employment in a Society with a Decreasing Birthrate: Workers' Marriage, Childbirth, and Childcare].","authors":"Mariko Nishikitani, Mariko Inoue, Shinobu Tsurugano","doi":"10.1265/jjh.73.215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1265/jjh.73.215","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we examine the trend in Japan towards nonregular employment and its effects on marriage, childbirth, and childcare from the viewpoint of a decreasing societal birthrate. Although the decision to marry includes personal values and preferences, socioeconomic status factors such as income and employment type are also associated with the determinants of marriage. Nonregular employment workers have a lower rate and motivation for marriage than regular workers. Thus, socioeconomic disparity caused by employment needs to be minimized through governmental measures and policies. Nonregular employment is increasing among younger generations, and for them, maternity and childcare leave are especially vital. Employee insurance coverage should be expanded to function as a form of income security during these leaves of absence, such that nonregular workers are also covered. During the childcare period, which lasts more than 10 years, it is necessary to cover childrearing costs and also the time required to spend with children. If a single working parent is involved in childcare alone, there is the burden of both work and childcare. Additionally, long work hours can also impact workers that are not involved in childcare. This is a dilemma: a stable and regular employment is often necessary to achieve a higher education; however, it is difficult for nonregular employees to take care of and prepare children for higher education owing to limited financial means. Properly designed measures and policies are necessary to break this chain. Importantly, considerations about life and work are important for all workers, including nonregular workers, who are especially affected in terms of marriage, childbirth, and childcare.","PeriodicalId":35643,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Hygiene","volume":"73 2","pages":"215-224"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36177875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

[To the memory of the late Dr. Hideyasu Aoyama]. [纪念已故的青山秀康博士]。

Japanese Journal of Hygiene Pub Date : 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.1265/jjh.73.243

Akira Babazono

引用次数: 0

[Environmental Impact Assessment of Wind Power Generation Facilities]. [风力发电设施环境影响评价]。

Japanese Journal of Hygiene Pub Date : 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.1265/jjh.73.284

Kunio Hara

引用次数: 0

[Political Measures against Declining Birthrate-Implication of Good Family Policies and Practice in Sweden or France]. [应对出生率下降的政治措施——瑞典和法国良好家庭政策和实践的影响]。

Japanese Journal of Hygiene Pub Date : 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.1265/jjh.73.322

Kanae Karita, Mari Kitada

{"title":"[Political Measures against Declining Birthrate-Implication of Good Family Policies and Practice in Sweden or France].","authors":"Kanae Karita, Mari Kitada","doi":"10.1265/jjh.73.322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1265/jjh.73.322","url":null,"abstract":"Although the birthrate greatly declined from the 1960s to the mid-1970s amongst many developed countries, the downturn has steadily been reversed by promoting women's rights and reviewing family policies in some European countries such as Sweden and France. The current total fertility rate in Sweden or France is approximately around 1.9 children per woman. The favorable state can be partly explained by the active family policies of these countries. The government of Sweden has implemented a wide range of measures including tax allowances, childcare services, and other subsidies, as well as an18 month parental leave to be shared between mothers and fathers. The government of France has expanded childcare and provided incentives by increasing childcare/family benefits with each subsequent child.In Japan, the fertility rate has changed from a downward trend to an upward trend, but only very slightly over the last decade. The legislative systems and enforcement remain totally inadequate to maintain stable a fertility rate. The Japanese government should try to change the social security/labor policies into more active and generous ones, with enhancement of economic support and promotion of work-life balance. Other attempts including removing barriers to encourage the youth to start a family are needed to overcome declining birth rates in Japan.","PeriodicalId":35643,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Hygiene","volume":"73 3","pages":"322-329"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1265/jjh.73.322","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36535007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1