Japanese Journal of Hygiene最新文献_第9页

[New Approach to the Investigation of DOHaD Using X-inactivation Gene Expression System]. 用x -失活基因表达系统研究DOHaD的新方法

Japanese Journal of Hygiene Pub Date : 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.1265/jjh.73.101

Takayuki Kumamoto, Shigeru Oshio

{"title":"[New Approach to the Investigation of DOHaD Using X-inactivation Gene Expression System].","authors":"Takayuki Kumamoto, Shigeru Oshio","doi":"10.1265/jjh.73.101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1265/jjh.73.101","url":null,"abstract":"X-chromosome inactivation (XCI) occurs during the gestation period to compensate for the dosage of X-linked genes in female mammals. Xist RNA is a long noncoding RNA with a global epigenetic function and is indispensable for XCI from the initiation to establishment and maintenance phases. The X chromosome contains over 1,000 genes that are essential for proper development, especially that of the brain, immune system, metabolism and reproductive functions. We found that exposure to bisphenol A or folate deficiency during the fetal period changes the expressions of Xist, Tsix (the antisense repressor of Xist), and many X chromosome linked genes widely in newborn mice. This finding suggests that this X-chromosome mediated effect is considered one of the mechanisms of various problems encountered in the fetal environment. The Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) hypothesis states that nutrition and other environmental stimuli during critical periods affect developmental pathways with epigenetics and induce metabolism and chronic disease susceptibility. The XCI process has some similarities to this hypothesis and it may become one of the approaches to reveal the DOHaD mechanisms.","PeriodicalId":35643,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Hygiene","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1265/jjh.73.101","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36177449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

[Nonregular Employment in a Society with a Decreasing Birthrate: Workers' Marriage, Childbirth, and Childcare]. [低出生率社会中的非正规就业:劳动者的婚姻、生育和育儿]。

Japanese Journal of Hygiene Pub Date : 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.1265/jjh.73.215

Mariko Nishikitani, Mariko Inoue, Shinobu Tsurugano

{"title":"[Nonregular Employment in a Society with a Decreasing Birthrate: Workers' Marriage, Childbirth, and Childcare].","authors":"Mariko Nishikitani, Mariko Inoue, Shinobu Tsurugano","doi":"10.1265/jjh.73.215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1265/jjh.73.215","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we examine the trend in Japan towards nonregular employment and its effects on marriage, childbirth, and childcare from the viewpoint of a decreasing societal birthrate. Although the decision to marry includes personal values and preferences, socioeconomic status factors such as income and employment type are also associated with the determinants of marriage. Nonregular employment workers have a lower rate and motivation for marriage than regular workers. Thus, socioeconomic disparity caused by employment needs to be minimized through governmental measures and policies. Nonregular employment is increasing among younger generations, and for them, maternity and childcare leave are especially vital. Employee insurance coverage should be expanded to function as a form of income security during these leaves of absence, such that nonregular workers are also covered. During the childcare period, which lasts more than 10 years, it is necessary to cover childrearing costs and also the time required to spend with children. If a single working parent is involved in childcare alone, there is the burden of both work and childcare. Additionally, long work hours can also impact workers that are not involved in childcare. This is a dilemma: a stable and regular employment is often necessary to achieve a higher education; however, it is difficult for nonregular employees to take care of and prepare children for higher education owing to limited financial means. Properly designed measures and policies are necessary to break this chain. Importantly, considerations about life and work are important for all workers, including nonregular workers, who are especially affected in terms of marriage, childbirth, and childcare.","PeriodicalId":35643,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Hygiene","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36177875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

[To the memory of the late Dr. Hideyasu Aoyama]. [纪念已故的青山秀康博士]。

Japanese Journal of Hygiene Pub Date : 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.1265/jjh.73.243

Akira Babazono

引用次数: 0

[Environmental Impact Assessment of Wind Power Generation Facilities]. [风力发电设施环境影响评价]。

Japanese Journal of Hygiene Pub Date : 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.1265/jjh.73.284

Kunio Hara

引用次数: 0

[Political Measures against Declining Birthrate-Implication of Good Family Policies and Practice in Sweden or France]. [应对出生率下降的政治措施——瑞典和法国良好家庭政策和实践的影响]。

Japanese Journal of Hygiene Pub Date : 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.1265/jjh.73.322

Kanae Karita, Mari Kitada

{"title":"[Political Measures against Declining Birthrate-Implication of Good Family Policies and Practice in Sweden or France].","authors":"Kanae Karita, Mari Kitada","doi":"10.1265/jjh.73.322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1265/jjh.73.322","url":null,"abstract":"Although the birthrate greatly declined from the 1960s to the mid-1970s amongst many developed countries, the downturn has steadily been reversed by promoting women's rights and reviewing family policies in some European countries such as Sweden and France. The current total fertility rate in Sweden or France is approximately around 1.9 children per woman. The favorable state can be partly explained by the active family policies of these countries. The government of Sweden has implemented a wide range of measures including tax allowances, childcare services, and other subsidies, as well as an18 month parental leave to be shared between mothers and fathers. The government of France has expanded childcare and provided incentives by increasing childcare/family benefits with each subsequent child.In Japan, the fertility rate has changed from a downward trend to an upward trend, but only very slightly over the last decade. The legislative systems and enforcement remain totally inadequate to maintain stable a fertility rate. The Japanese government should try to change the social security/labor policies into more active and generous ones, with enhancement of economic support and promotion of work-life balance. Other attempts including removing barriers to encourage the youth to start a family are needed to overcome declining birth rates in Japan.","PeriodicalId":35643,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Hygiene","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1265/jjh.73.322","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36535007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

[Some Attentional Points in the Clinical Aspects of Trauma Care]. [创伤护理的临床注意事项]。

Japanese Journal of Hygiene Pub Date : 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.1265/jjh.73.57

Toshiko Sawaguchi, Toshiko Kamo

{"title":"[Some Attentional Points in the Clinical Aspects of Trauma Care].","authors":"Toshiko Sawaguchi, Toshiko Kamo","doi":"10.1265/jjh.73.57","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1265/jjh.73.57","url":null,"abstract":"Almost all patients requiring care for a combination of sexual, physiological, and psychological trauma, suffer from psychological or mental illness. Mental symptoms are well known to be associated with the violence very well and assailants have a violence dependency but it is not a well known mental disease. Changing of roles between being an assailant and being a victim is observed in half of the patients. In patients with trauma, hyperarousal and apathy appears simultaneously, and avoidance symptoms, intrusion symptoms, and crashed sleep, dissociation are also recognized. In addition, symptoms of orality are observed in patients requiring trauma care. However, hyperarousal, disturbance of sleep, and suicidal ideation improve quickly and the symptoms of a pair of a mother-child pair are well correlated. In organic non-temporary hyper psychogenic diseases (physiological diseases and surgery, and so on), non-organic psychogenic diseases (psychiatric diseases), and diseases on the border line between organic and non-organic diseases (psychosomatic diseases and may be unknown to non-medical professionals knowledge of such characteristic symptoms) is important information for health and medical care in the regional comprehensive care setting.","PeriodicalId":35643,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Hygiene","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1265/jjh.73.57","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35782476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

[Underlying Mechanisms of Methamphetamine-Induced Self-Injurious Behavior and Lethal Effects in Mice]. [甲基苯丙胺诱导小鼠自伤行为和致死效应的潜在机制]。

Japanese Journal of Hygiene Pub Date : 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.1265/jjh.73.51

Tomohisa Mori, Toshiko Sawaguchi

{"title":"[Underlying Mechanisms of Methamphetamine-Induced Self-Injurious Behavior and Lethal Effects in Mice].","authors":"Tomohisa Mori, Toshiko Sawaguchi","doi":"10.1265/jjh.73.51","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1265/jjh.73.51","url":null,"abstract":"Relatively high doses of psychostimulants induce neurotoxicity on the dopaminergic system and self-injurious behavior (SIB) in rodents. However the underlying neuronal mechanisms of SIB remains unclear. Dopamine receptor antagonists, N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor antagonists, Nitric Oxide Synthase (NOS) inhibitors and free radical scavengers significantly attenuate methamphetamine-induced SIB. These findings indicate that activation of dopamine as well as NMDA receptors followed by radical formation and oxidative stress, especially when mediated by NOS activation, is associated with methamphetamine-induced SIB. On the other hand, an increase in the incidence of polydrug abuse is a major problem worldwide. Coadministered methamphetamine and morphine induced lethality in more than 80% in mice, accompanied by an increase in the number of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP)-immunoreactive cells in the heart, kidney and liver. The lethal effect and the increase in the incidence of rupture or PARP-immunoreactive cells induced by the coadministration of methamphetamine and morphine were significantly attenuated by pretreatment with a phospholipase A2 inhibitor or a radical scavenger, or by cooling of body from 30 to 90 min after drug administration. These results suggest that free radicals play an important role in the increased lethality induced by the coadministration of methamphetamine and morphine. Therefore, free radical scavengers and cooling are beneficial for preventing death that is induced by the coadministration of methamphetamine and morphine. These findings may help us better understand for masochistic behavior, which is a clinical phenomenon on SIB, as well as polydrug-abuse-induced acute toxicity.","PeriodicalId":35643,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Hygiene","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1265/jjh.73.51","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35782477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

[Ego-state Therapy: Psychotherapy for Multiple Personality Disorders]. 自我状态疗法:多重人格障碍的心理治疗。

Japanese Journal of Hygiene Pub Date : 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.1265/jjh.73.62

Toshiro Sugiyama

引用次数: 6

[Dilemma of Environmental Health Research]. [环境健康研究的困境]。

Japanese Journal of Hygiene Pub Date : 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.1265/jjh.73.148

Katsuyuki Murata, Toyoto Iwata, Eri Maeda, Kanae Karita

{"title":"[Dilemma of Environmental Health Research].","authors":"Katsuyuki Murata, Toyoto Iwata, Eri Maeda, Kanae Karita","doi":"10.1265/jjh.73.148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1265/jjh.73.148","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents not only a brief overview of birth cohort studies focusing on environmental health in which the associations between health and environment were examined, but also a tentative plan to apply epidemiological data to benchmark dose calculation. According to the preceding studies, the checkpoints to be scrutinized when a result is not consistent with those of other researchers are as follows: (1) whether the study included all crucial confounders, (2) whether it included any exposure marker or confounder with a U-shaped dose-response curve, (3) whether the outcome measure was conducted by two or more examiners that might lead to measurement bias, (4) whether such examiners picked up information about exposure levels of the subjects before measuring the endpoints, and (5) whether subjects with different genetic factors were included in the analysis. In addition, (6) researchers conducting a children's study on developmental effects due to toxic substances must keep in mind that the impact of prenatal methylmercury exposure, independent of postnatal exposure, may continue for at least seven years. (7) When an environmental health research emphasizes to be population-based study, the levels of exposure to environmental chemical substances in developed countries with strict environmental regulations may be too low to examine a dose-response relationship for critical dose estimation. Such risk assessment should be carried out among the subjects with a wide range of exposure levels.","PeriodicalId":35643,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Hygiene","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1265/jjh.73.148","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36176826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

[Reproductive Toxicological Research as Countermeasures to Declining Birth Rate]. [生殖毒理学研究作为生育率下降的对策]。

Japanese Journal of Hygiene Pub Date : 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.1265/jjh.73.330

Michihiro Kamijima

{"title":"[Reproductive Toxicological Research as Countermeasures to Declining Birth Rate].","authors":"Michihiro Kamijima","doi":"10.1265/jjh.73.330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1265/jjh.73.330","url":null,"abstract":"Research into reproductive toxicology may lead to one of the countermeasures to the declining birth rate observed in industrialized countries. Some chemicals can pose risks to human reproduction that is a multistage process starting from the development of male and female germ cells to childbirth and the subsequent growth and development of the child. In Japan, the government has amended law enforcement, i.e., the Regulations on Labor Standards for Women, recently to improve protection for pregnant women against reproductive chemical hazards in workplaces. Male workers may also be protected against such hazards if appropriate risk assessment and the following management are performed as required by the Industrial Safety and Health Law. However, it remains a concern that an unexpected adverse outcome due to an unknown reproduction hazard may occur owing to the use of chemicals not listed in the regulations. This is because the toxicity of a large number of chemicals has not been entirely revealed. Moreover, it is often difficult to determine from a Safety Data Sheet for a product of interest whether the chemicals contained in the product do not have reproductive toxicity or the toxicity data are just not available because of lack of pertinent studies. Thus, researchers in the field of occupational and environmental health need to make effort to fill in such data gaps and to raise the awareness among the public the importance of experimental and epidemiological studies. Study designs for investigating subclinical effects, mechanisms of reproductive toxicity, exposure levels, and dose-response relationships to determine environmental standards are also required.","PeriodicalId":35643,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Hygiene","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1265/jjh.73.330","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36535008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0