Anatomy & Biological Anthropology最新文献

{"title":"Anatomical Characteristics and Morphometric Study of the Fibularis Tertius Muscle at Its Insertion Area in Korean Cadavers","authors":"Da-Yae Choi","doi":"10.11637/ABA.2020.33.4.165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11637/ABA.2020.33.4.165","url":null,"abstract":"사적으로 수축하여 Abstract : The fibularis tertius muscle has been used by plastic surgeons during clinical procedures such as tendoplasty of the tendon graft. The aim of this study was to determine its morphological characteristics and observe its insertion area. Twenty-seven specimens from Korean cadavers were used in this study (mean age: 71.53 ± 15.00 years). All specimens were measured and classified into four types according to their pattern and point of insertion. In 2 specimens (7.41%), fibularis tertius muscle was absent. Type I (rectangular), Type II (triangular), Type III (band), and Type IV (bifurcated) were observed in 29.63% (8/27), 25.93% (7/27), 18.52% (5/27), and 18.52% (5/27) of cases, respectively. Among the four types, the tendon of the fibularis tertius muscle in type III was mostly a proximal attachment, while those of type IV were mostly distal attachment, 3/5 of the fifth metatarsal bone. The morphology of the fibularis tertius muscle and its distal attachments were variable; therefore, precise and detailed knowledge can provide useful information to surgeons and anatomists.","PeriodicalId":356245,"journal":{"name":"Anatomy & Biological Anthropology","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131012703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extraneural CGRP Upregulates TGF-β1 through RAMP1 Signaling during Mechanical Stretch in Kidney Proximal Tubule Epithelial Cells","authors":"Daeun Moon, B. Padanilam, Hee-Seong Jang, Jinu Kim","doi":"10.11637/ABA.2020.33.4.173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11637/ABA.2020.33.4.173","url":null,"abstract":"Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) derived from sensory neurons contributes to the development of renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis during ureteral obstruction through upregulation of profibrotic factors. However, the mechanism by which CGRP upregulates the profibrotic factors in the ureteral obstructive setting in the kidney tubule epithelial cells is not defined. In the human kidney proximal tubule epithelial cell line, HK-2, treatment with 1 nM CGRP significantly enhanced transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) production, its release, and protein kinase C (PKC) activity. Furthermore, mechanical stretch for 6 and 24 hours significantly increased expressions of receptor activity modifying protein 1 (RAMP1) mRNA and protein among CGRP receptor components in HK-2 cells. In addition, a combination treatment with CGRP and mechanical stretch synergistically increased TGF-β1 upregulation and PKC activation. However, RAMP1 deficiency, induced by RAMP1 double nickase plasmid transfection, abolished CGRP-induced TGF-β1 upregulation and PKC activation in HK-2 cells with or without mechanical stretch. Finally, pharmacological inhibition of PKC markedly reduced TGF-β1 production and release after treatment of HK-2 cells with CGRP. Taken together, these data suggest that extraneural CGRP upregulates TGF-β1 through RAMP1-PKC axis during mechanical stretch in kidney proximal tubule epithelial cells.","PeriodicalId":356245,"journal":{"name":"Anatomy & Biological Anthropology","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116945438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Visible Korean: Movable Surface Models of the Foot","authors":"Seul Ki Kim, Chung Yoh Kim, Jin Seo Park","doi":"10.11637/aba.2020.33.3.135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11637/aba.2020.33.3.135","url":null,"abstract":": Movable surface models are needed for anatomy education and the electromagnetic radiation industry. The purpose of this study is to present how to make movable surface models in detail, so that anyone can make movable surface models for the desired purpose. In addition, it helps students and researchers who need to know joint motion to study anatomy. Using Photoshop software, the segmented images of 53 structures of leg and foot were created based on the female sectioned images of Visible Korean. In Mimics software, the surface models were created by stacking and surface-reconstructing the segmented images. In Maya software, two virtual joints were inserted in the ankle joint and subtalar joint of the surface models, and in Ziva software, the properties of the bone and muscle surface models were made like real bones and muscles. By rotating the bones on virtual joints in Maya, plantar flexion, dorsiflexion, inversion, or eversion of the foot surface models were checked. The surface models were made as PDF using Deep Exploration software and Adobe Acrobat software. All surface models were saved as MB files, ObJ files, and PDF files. In Maya software and Adobe Reader software, the surface models could be moved in anatomical position, plantar flexion, dorsiflexion, inversion, and eversion. In this study, commercial software was used to find a way to move the structure of surface models as if it were real. In the near future, using the technology developed in this study, the movements on all joints in the surface models of Visible Korean will be materialized. When the movable surface models with these movements are made, it will be very useful not only for anatomy education but also for industrial use.","PeriodicalId":356245,"journal":{"name":"Anatomy & Biological Anthropology","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129039654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Magnesium Hydride Attenuates Cognitive Impairment in a Rat Model of Vascular Dementia","authors":"Myeong Jin Lee, J. H. Lee, Do Kyung Kim, N. Lee, Y. Jeong, Ji Heun Jeong, Jong Ho Park, Y. Yoo, Seung-Yun Han","doi":"10.11637/aba.2020.33.3.125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11637/aba.2020.33.3.125","url":null,"abstract":": Reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated oxidative stress plays a key role in the pathogenesis of central nervous system diseases, including vascular dementia (VaD). Thus, scientific attention has been given to the uptake of molecular hydrogen (H 2 ), a powerful ROS scavenger that is abundant in nature, as a potential therapeutic candidate. Among the methods to supply H 2 , we selected an oral supplement of magnesium hydride (MgH 2 ) and investigated its therapeutic role in cognitive impairment and hippocampal neuronal death associated with VaD. Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into 4 groups ( n of each = 8) and subjected to different conditions: SO, a group with vehicle and sham-operation; VEH, a group with a vehicle and 2VO/H (2 vessel occlusion and hypovolemia, used as a surgical model of VaD); MH-L, a group with low dose (5 mg/kg) of MgH 2 and 2VO/H; and MH-H, a group with high dose (15 mg/kg) of MgH 2 and 2VO/H. MgH 2 or vehicle was administered via an intragastric route for 14 days before the operation. Subsequently, the memory performances of rats were tested using three behavior tests, i.e. , Y-maze-, Barnes maze-, and passive avoidance tests (PAT). On postoperative day 8, the number of viable neurons in the hippocampal Cornu Ammonis (CA) 1 region was measured. The results of behavioral tests revealed that memory performance was significantly hampered in the VEH group when compared with the SO group; however, the extent of the impairment was markedly diminished in the MH-L and MH-H groups. While the number of pyramidal neurons in hippocampal CA1 was largely reduced in the VEH group when compared with the SO group, this reduction was significantly attenuated in the MH-L and MH-H groups. The effects of MgH 2 were dose-dependent in PAT and histologic experiments. These results suggest that MgH 2 supplementation can attenuate cognitive impairment and hippocampal neuronal death associated with VaD.","PeriodicalId":356245,"journal":{"name":"Anatomy & Biological Anthropology","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116692330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Applications of Bone Histology in Tracking Exploitation Markers: From the Site Inamgaon, Maharashtra","authors":"Prateek Chakraborty","doi":"10.11637/aba.2020.33.2.79","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11637/aba.2020.33.2.79","url":null,"abstract":": Bone Histology, particularly the study of osteon morphology and morphometry is used extensively by palaeontologists to reconstruct pre-mortem conditions in large vertebrates. The skeletal system is dynamic and undergoes modification throughout an animal’s life cycle in response to various physical and environmental stimuli, most notably in the remodelling and reconfiguration of skeletal tissue at the microscopic level. The size, shape and distribution of osteons in the long bones of a vertebrate animal have often been proved to reflect various changes engineered by adverse environmental conditions. The present work assumes that the exploitation of domestic animals - especially when carried out intensively over a relatively short period - can engender similar changes in the osteon microstructures of these animals through activity such as herd migration, fattening, confinement and so on. Taking the Late Jorwe phase at the Deccan Chalcolithic site of Inamgaon as a case study, the present work carries out a histological examination of bone samples of Sheep ( Ovis aries ) and Goat ( Capra hircus ), which were intensively exploited at the site during this period. The shape, frequency and configuration of osteons (and other histological features) are recorded and correlated with the different phases of exploitation in order to determine their effect on the skeletal tissues.","PeriodicalId":356245,"journal":{"name":"Anatomy & Biological Anthropology","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129842419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Archaeofaunal Remains and Stone Implements Found in Myin Ma Hti Cave no.2 (MMH2) Located in Aung Pan Township, Shan State of Myanmar","authors":"P. Kyaw, Hein Htet Lwin, S. Naing, Kyaw Swar Oo, Thu Aung, A. Nanda, L. Aung","doi":"10.11637/aba.2020.33.2.37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11637/aba.2020.33.2.37","url":null,"abstract":"Myin Ma Hti is the local name meant that the mountain horse never touches. In Myanmer, this name is very popular as the Buddhist religious place. Most pilgrims usually visit to the area of Myin Ma Hti. In 1997, a new limestone cave was discovered during the field trip of local geological team and the first explorer gave the name for the cave as Myin Ma Hti Cave No. 2. In their 1997 report, the archaeo-faunal remains and stone implements were recorded as teeth and vertebrate bones of bull, ox, deer and polished stone rings and implements that could be estimated as the Neolithic context dated as 6,000-4,000 BP. In 2019, the environmental assessment team accidentally arrived into the cave and they found some significant remains of stone tools mingled with a pile of bone fragments after the local people dug the floor of cave to build the religious stupa. Then, rescue archaeological works had been initiated to take recording and making catalogue of bone fragments and stone pieces. Most of the findings are the bone fragments and wasters of stone rings. The special findings are potential bone tools with the cut and scrape marks of edging and sharpening. The anthropogenic feature could be examined with the ash layer 3-meter depth approximately. In this report, the significance of archaeofaunal evidences and stone implements accidentally found in MMH2 will be described as the preliminary survey of prehistoric cave in Aung Pan Township, Shan State, Myanmar.","PeriodicalId":356245,"journal":{"name":"Anatomy & Biological Anthropology","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133473527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Participation of Memorial Ceremony Affects Student Attitude on Gross Anatomy Practice","authors":"Yu-Ran Heo, Jae-Hee Park, Jongwan Kim, Jae-Ho Lee","doi":"10.11637/aba.2020.33.1.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11637/aba.2020.33.1.21","url":null,"abstract":": Because anatomy is the foundation of clinical medicine, dissection practice is one of the must be practices for medical students. Most medical schools hold a memorial service for the dead after all dissecting practices are over, allowing students to pay tribute to the deceased. Therefore, the dissection practice and the memorial service for the dead are likely to be closely related. However, there is no study on how attending a memorial service before conducting the dissection practice will affect students’ anatomy. This study identifies the physical and emotional experiences students experience during the hands-on practice after attending a memorial ceremony and how it affects students by attending a memorial ceremony. We received a report from 69 students in the second grade of pre-school education for the 2018 academic year and checked it by three reviewers to determine whether they have physical symptoms such as eye pain, pain in the nose, headaches, lack of appetite, anxiety (sweeping), disgust and negative emotions such as fear, sadness, or regret. Also checking on the positive emotions such as a sense of gratitude, a responsibility, a desire to learn, a sense of cooperation. As a result, among 69 participants, 32/69 people (46.4%) were desire to learn, 30/69 people (43.5%) were sense of gratitude, 9/69 people (13.0%) were responsibility, and 8/69 people (11.6%) were cooperative. Among the 56 students who were positively affected during the dissection, 34 (60.7%) attended the memorial ceremony and 22 (39.3%) not attended the memorial ceremony. Students who attended the memorial ceremony was more positively affected and statistically significant (p = 0.014). Based on the results of these studies, it is believed that it is necessary to attend a memorial ceremony to induce positive effects and awareness of human dignity and bioethics, and that it would be better to encourage people to attend the memorial service before performing the dissection. Accordingly, this study can provide necessary basic data to seek the direction of effective anatomical practice education by attending a joint memorial service for the dead before medical students participated in the anatomical practice and identifying the various effects that may occur after their participation in the exercise.","PeriodicalId":356245,"journal":{"name":"Anatomy & Biological Anthropology","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132078623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiple Vascular Variations in Posterior Abdominal Region: A Case Report","authors":"Young-Suk Cho, C. Ahn, K. Nam","doi":"10.11637/ABA.2020.33.1.27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11637/ABA.2020.33.1.27","url":null,"abstract":": The knowledge of vascular variations like other anatomical ones, is important during the operative, diagnostic, and endovascular procedures in abdomen. This report describes multiple variations in the abdominal vessels as found in the cadaver of 50-year-old Korean man during educational cadaveric dissection in the department of anatomy. The variations found were; double inferior vena cava, the left internal iliac vein peculiar joining to right inferior vena cava, left external iliac vein directly connected to left inferior vena cava, two left renal veins opening separately into left inferior vena cava, termination of left testicular vein into lower left renal vein, the right testicular vein opening into the right renal vein, high level of the aortic bifurcation and high bifurcation level of the common iliac arteries. Although, other variations reported in this case exist as individual variations, the existence of the multiple variation of them is extremely rare. It is important to know the variations of abdominal vasculature for the success of surgical operations and radiological investigations of those regions.","PeriodicalId":356245,"journal":{"name":"Anatomy & Biological Anthropology","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124522088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Horizontal Facial Thirds of Young Adults in Two South-South Nigerian Ethnic Groups","authors":"D. Eboh","doi":"10.11637/aba.2019.32.4.115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11637/aba.2019.32.4.115","url":null,"abstract":"The study was undertaken to determine if there is a difference in length among the upper, middle and lower thirds of the face. Undergraduates, 18~30 years old, of Izon and Urhobo ethnic groups in two Nigerian Universities constituted the study population. Five hundred and thirty subjects, 250 Izon (127 males and 123 females) and 280 Urhobo (130 males and 150 females) participated in the study based on the systematic sampling technique. The horizontal facial thirds were measured in millimeters (mm) with the sliding caliper. Data analysis was done with SPSS 23. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used. Statistical significance was fixed at p<0.05. In all the horizontal facial thirds, the mean lengths in males were significantly higher than in females (p<0.05), except the middle third in the Izon that did not show significant difference. The mean heights of the upper and lower thirds were significantly longer in the Izon than the Urhobo, while the mean height of the middle third was significantly longer in the Urhobo than the Izon. The mean height of the lower third in males was significantly longer in the Izon than the Urhobo, while Urhobo females had significantly longer middle third than the Izon. This study suggests that the three horizontal facial segments are not equal. The outcome of this study will be useful to guide the oral maxillofacial surgeon, orthodontist and orthognathic surgeon concerned with aesthetic surgery of the face.","PeriodicalId":356245,"journal":{"name":"Anatomy & Biological Anthropology","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121981091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metformin-loaded Citric Acid Cross-linked Agarose Films in the Prevention of Postoperative Abdominal Adhesion","authors":"J. Moon, Jong Ho Park, Ji Heun Jeong, N. Sung, Y. Jeong, K. Song, J. Ahn, N. Lee, Seung-Yun Han","doi":"10.11637/aba.2019.32.4.129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11637/aba.2019.32.4.129","url":null,"abstract":"Postoperative abdominal adhesion (PAA) causes significant long-term postoperative morbidity. Although numerous physical anti-adhesion barriers (AAB) are used as therapeutical interventions, none of them has achieved sustained success. As a potential strategy to overcome the limitations, drug-eluting AAB have attracted scientific attention. Here, we produced agar films (AF) chemically cross-linked with different concentrations of citric acid (CA) and we measured the physicochemical properties such as crosslinking strength, swelling ratio, hydrophilicity, and biodegradability of the yielded CA-AFs. Next, Metformin (MET), an antidiabetic drug with anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory properties, was loaded in the CA-AFs yielding the MET-loaded CA-AF (MET@CA-AF) and the time-dependent MET release was monitored. Based on their physicochemical properties, MET@CA-AF containing 20% CA appeared a promising AAB candidate and was further used in an in vivo study. Mouse models of PAA were established with cecum abrasion and the MET@CAAF and CA-AF were applied between the injured interfaces. At postoperative day 14, the therapeutic efficacies were analyzed by using clinical adhesion scoring and quantification of collagen-I and fibroblasts in adhesion interfaces. The results showed that applications of MET@CA-AF or CA-AF for 14 days significantly attenuated the clinical adhesion score and thickness of adhesion interface. Furthermore, when compared with the group with operation, the groups with MET@CA-AF or CA-AF exhibited the significant attenuation in PAA-associated myofibroblast activation in adhesion interface. Importantly, these attenuations were significantly more intensified in the group with MET@CA-AF than in the group with CA-AF. Based on our data, we anticipate that MET@CAAF, a novel synthesized drug-eluting AAB, can protect against PAA by exerting the dual role of physical barrier and MET-based pharmaceutic.","PeriodicalId":356245,"journal":{"name":"Anatomy & Biological Anthropology","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123568507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}