Anatomy & Biological Anthropology最新文献

{"title":"Extraneural CGRP Induces Oxidative Stress in Kidney Proximal Tubule Epithelial Cells","authors":"Daeun Moon, S. Yoon, Hee-Seong Jang, M. Noh, Ligyeom Ha, B. Padanilam, Jinu Kim","doi":"10.11637/aba.2019.32.4.121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11637/aba.2019.32.4.121","url":null,"abstract":"Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is the most abundant neuropeptide in primary afferent sensory neurons. Exogenous CGRP can induce cell death in kidney tubular cells. The objective of this study was to determine whether exogenous CGRP could induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in kidney proximal tubule epithelial cells and whether CGRP-induced ROS production might contribute to cell death. In HK-2, LLCPK1 and TCMK-1 cell lines derived from human, pig, and mouse respectively, administration of CGRP increased cell death in timeand dose-dependent manners, as demonstrated by decreased cell viability. Exogenous CGRP also increased ROS production levels in those cell lines. Treatment with CGRP receptor antagonist (CGRP) significantly inhibited the increases in cell death and ROS production in CGRP-exposed cells. Furthermore, treatment with a ROS scavenger (MnTMPyP) markedly reduced kidney proximal tubule epithelial cell death after CGRP administration. Taken together, these data suggest that extraneural CGRP can induce cell death through excessive oxidative stress in kidney proximal tubule epithelial cells.","PeriodicalId":356245,"journal":{"name":"Anatomy & Biological Anthropology","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116815901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regulatory Pathway of Ion-Transporter Genes through Nrf2 Transcription Factor in Hypokalemic Condition","authors":"H. Cho, K. Ahn","doi":"10.11637/aba.2019.32.4.141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11637/aba.2019.32.4.141","url":null,"abstract":"The Nuclear factor-erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) plays a key role in the cellular defense against oxidative stress. Low K increased the reactive oxygen species and it stimulate Nrf2 activation. Previous our study demonstrated that low potassium promoted expression of H/K-ATPase and kNBC1 by Nrf2 transcription factor in cultured models. In addition, phosphorylation of ERK, JNK, p38 and PI3K was involved in the activation of Nrf2 expression. This study aims to elucidate the mechanism which low potassium regulates Nrf2 expression through various in vitro and in vivo models. Using various kinase inhibitors, promotion of Nrf2 expression in low potassium condition was inhibited by LY294002 and SP600125 while PD98059 and SB203580 did not affect Nrf2, suggesting that phosphorylation of Akt and JNK is specifically involved in Nrf2 expression in low potassium condition. Kidney tissues from low potassium diet rats showed increased phospho-ERK1/2 and phospho-Akt in diet time dependent manner but no effect to JNK and p38 phosphorylation. Specifically, PhosphoNrf2 was also increased in nuclear compartment by low potassium diet. In order to demonstrate direct evidence that low potassium regulates ionic transporters by Nrf2, Nrf2 knockout mice were employed. Mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEF) were harvested for the study. As expected, low potassium promotes expression of Nrf2 and level of phospho-ERK1/2 and phospho-Akt in MEF-Nrf2 ( + / + ). Low potassium promoted expression of kNBC1 and H/K-ATPase in MEF-Nrf2 ( + / + ), but unchanged or even decreased in MEF-Nrf2 ( + /) and MEFNrf2 (/). Taken together, these results show that Nrf2 was activated by ERK1/2 and AKT in low potassium condition and further regulates expression of kNBC1 and colonic H/K-ATPase.","PeriodicalId":356245,"journal":{"name":"Anatomy & Biological Anthropology","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127704731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anatomical Characteristics of the Anterior Talofibular Ligament in Ankle Joint of Korean Population","authors":"H. Kwon, Jeonghyun Park, Digud Kim, Kwangrak Park, Mi Jung Lee, Yu-jin Choi, H. Kang, Kwanhyun Yoon, Jaeho Cho","doi":"10.11637/aba.2019.32.4.159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11637/aba.2019.32.4.159","url":null,"abstract":"The anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL) plays a role to stabilize ankle joint and prevent ankle sprain by limiting the motion range of ankle joint. The aim of this study was to classify the shapes of the ATFL according to the shape and type of bands. For this study, formalin-fixed 42 Korean cadavers were used and 74 feet were dissected (49 males and 25 females / 38 right, 36 left). The average age was 77 years old. The number of bands in the ATFL was counted according to Kakegawa et al. The location of the attachment area of ATFL was determined. It’s length and width were also measured. All of them were measured in prone position, and in neutral position of ankle. The statis tical analysis was performed using SPSS 21.0 software (SPSS, Chicago, IL). Descriptive statistics were used to determine the mean and standard deviation, and independent T-tests were used to identify differences according to gender, left and right, and type of ATFL. As a result, type 1 and type 2 in the ATFL accounted for 48.6% and 51.4% of feet respec tively. The length of the ATFL was 20.6±2.4 mm, the width of the proximal attachment was 13.7±3.4 mm, the mid-point was 12.9±3.5 mm, and the distal attachment was 13.0±3.4 mm. Type 2 was wider than type 1 (p<.001), type 1 was longer than type 2 (p<.05), and male ATFL was longer than female (p<.05). In conclusion, the morph ological characteristics of ATFL in Koreans were different from other ethnic group. The continuous accumu lation of morphological data on ATFL will offer the basic data of Korean anthropological characteristics, and it will be help ful for understanding the anatomical structure of the ankle, as well as for the diagnosis and treatment of ankle disease.","PeriodicalId":356245,"journal":{"name":"Anatomy & Biological Anthropology","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128239928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Schmorl's Nodes and Partial Lumbarization of S1 in European Human Remains of Korean War Casualty Excavated from the Arrowhead Ridge in DMZ","authors":"Yura Jang, M. Kim","doi":"10.11637/aba.2019.32.4.167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11637/aba.2019.32.4.167","url":null,"abstract":"The Ministry of National Defense of Agency for KIA Recovery and Identification (MAKRI) launched the Korean War casualty excavation project to retrieve war remains at the Arrowhead Ridge in the DMZ by affecting the mood of peace-building and inter-Korean tension-reducing, and uncovered possible Korean War casualty’s remains. The present case of excavated bones was well-preserved and the rate of preservation was more than 97%. As an identification results of this case, the ethnicity, age, stature was estimated as European, 16~19 years old, 163~169.5 cm respectively. Schmorl’s nodes and partial lumbarization of the sacrum were observed in the anthropological and forensic examination. Multiple Schmorl’s nodes as various sizes were localized in the upper and lower surface of the vertebral endplate from lower thoracic vertebrae (T8~T12) to lumbar vertebrae (L1~L5). A partial lumbarization of S1 was also observed in the sacrum. In this case, we suggested the hypothesis that Schmorl’s node and partial lumbarization of S1 can simultaneously occur even in the young age as a course of functional adaptation in regarding to the morphological features of the constituent elements of the vertebrae. Further studies for the biomechanical mechanism of Schmorl’s node and lumbarization of S1 in various ethnic groups of large population will reveal more about the relationship between the morphological features of the vertebrae and the bony lesions.","PeriodicalId":356245,"journal":{"name":"Anatomy & Biological Anthropology","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125328378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anatomical Classification of Plantaris Tendon according to Shape and Location of Insertion in Korean","authors":"Kwangrak Park, Jaeho Cho, Yu-jin Choi, Digud Kim, H. Kwon, Hye Jin Jang, H. Kang, Jeonghyun Park","doi":"10.11637/aba.2019.32.4.151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11637/aba.2019.32.4.151","url":null,"abstract":"The plantaris muscle is a small muscle with a short belly and long thin tendon that forms part of the posterior superficial compartment of the calf. The purpose of this study was to classify the insertion type of plantaris tendon of Korean population, to measure anthropological characteristics by measuring the width and thickness, and to obtain clinically applicable anatomical basis data. The dissection was performed on 68 lower limbs (34 right, 34 left) fixed in formalin mixture. The types of insertion of plantaris tendon was classified according to the area and location of insertion into calcaneal tuberosity and calcaneal bone. In this study, all five types were identified. 25 limbs (36.8%) were classified into type 1, 8 limbs (11.8%) into types 2 and 3 respectively, 5 limbs (7.4%) into type 4, 18 lower extremities (26.5%) into type 5. The plantaris tendon was found to be absent in 4 lower limbs (5.9%). No differences in body side or gender were found in the insertion type of plantaris tendon. The thickness of the plantaris tendon was 0.72±0.27 mm for males and 0.59±0.18 mm for females, and males were thicker than females (p = 0.029). However, there was no difference between the two genders in the width of the plantaris tendon. In conclusion, this study not only examined the morphological characteristics of plantaris tendon in Korean population, but also presented basic anatomical data that doctors can apply to clinical practice.","PeriodicalId":356245,"journal":{"name":"Anatomy & Biological Anthropology","volume":"86 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132235089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Osteometric Analysis of Palatal Bone Thickness for Orthodontic Miniscrew Placement","authors":"Sun-Kyoung Yu, Yonghwa Cho, J. Lim, Heung-Joong Kim","doi":"10.11637/aba.2019.32.3.93","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11637/aba.2019.32.3.93","url":null,"abstract":"Orthodontic miniscrews have been widely used in various areas, because they are stable, easy to use, and inexpensive. Therefore, the aims of this study are to measure the palatal bone thickness, to analysis the correlation between the size of the alveolar arch and palatal bone thickness, and to discuss the skeletal structure of the hard palate for miniscrew placement. Twenty-four dry skulls in Koreans were used. The three different horizontal reference lines were established at first premolar and second premolar, between second premolar and first molar, and first molar. And then, a total of 12 points were set up in relation to each horizontal reference line by drawing a vertical reference line perpendicular to central incisor, between central incisor and lateral incisor, lateral incisor, between lateral incisor and canine. At each point, the palatal bone thickness, the width and length of the alveolar arch, and the width and length of the incisive foramen were measured directly with the bone caliper and the digital caliper. The correlation between the width and the length of alveolar arch and the palatal bone thickness was analyzed. The mean of palatal bone thickness based on the horizontal reference line was 11.4±3.2 mm in between first premolar and second premolar, 7.4±2.4 mm in between second premolar and first molar, and 5.2±1.5 mm in first molar, decreased posteriorly with statistically significant difference. The position between first premolar and second premolar showed a constant thickness, and thickened laterally from the median palatal suture due to the alveolar process, but no statistically significant difference. At the position between second premolar and first molar and the position in first molar, it were also constant, then became significantly thicker toward point between lateral incisor and canine due to the alveolar process and the palatal spine. The width of the alveolar arch was correlated with the length of the alveolar arch and the palatal bone thickness of between first premolar Original Article *이 논문은 2016학년도 조선대학교 학술연구비의 지원을 받아 연구되었음. 저자 (들)는 ‘의학논문 출판윤리 가이드라인’을 준수합니다. 저자 (들)는 이 연구와 관련하여 이해관계가 없음을 밝힙니다. Received: August 29, 2019; Revised: September 18, 2019; Accepted: September 20, 2019 Correspondence to: 김흥중 (조선대학교 치과대학 구강해부학교실) E-mail: hjbkim@chosun.ac.kr 94 유선경, 조용화, 임진웅, 김흥중","PeriodicalId":356245,"journal":{"name":"Anatomy & Biological Anthropology","volume":"892 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131735409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of a 3D Visualization Application and Game-Based Learning on Gross Anatomy Education: Focused on Some Students in the Department of Dental Hygiene","authors":"Da-Hye Kim","doi":"10.11637/aba.2019.32.3.101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11637/aba.2019.32.3.101","url":null,"abstract":"There is a lack of domestic studies that have designed anatomical education programs for systematic cadaver dissection and compared them with existing teaching methods. The purpose of this study was to explore effective educational methods in limited environments by for applying 3D visualization and game-based learning. The study included 43 participants who took a ‘Head and neck anatomy’ course in a department of dental hygiene. The anatomy of the skull, as well as muscles in the head and neck areas were considered using a 3D visualization application. Later in the class, the course content was structured according to a game-based learning method. A survey was conducted in order to measure participants’ perceptions of the teaching methods. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and a paired-sample T-test. Satisfaction with the teaching methods applied to the gross anatomy class was observed with regard to game-based learning (4.49), 3D visualizing application (4.01), and drawing (3.81). Among the educational methods suggested in the question, the students’ ranked the following teaching methods from first to third as follows: game-based learning, a 3D visualization application, and observation of an anatomical model. The average score difference (8.40) of the preand post-assessment of the participants’ perception of 3D visualization and game-based learning, was larger than the score difference (1.26) of the class conducted according to the conventional method. The academic achievement of participants was significantly increased (p<0.001). Proper use of 3D visualization applications and game-based learning in gross anatomy programs contributes to increases in student motivation, students’ interest in the subject matter, cooperative learning, and improvement in learning outcomes. This study will be helpful to instructors in various fields, including dental hygiene departments, which operate gross anatomy classes.","PeriodicalId":356245,"journal":{"name":"Anatomy & Biological Anthropology","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127050419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Recognition and Need of Medical Student on Peer Review in Cadaver Dissection","authors":"Jeong-Jun Jo, Seong-Woo Kang, Seung-joon Lee, Soo-Jung Jung, Jae-Ho Lee","doi":"10.11637/aba.2019.32.3.109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11637/aba.2019.32.3.109","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":356245,"journal":{"name":"Anatomy & Biological Anthropology","volume":"383 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115911167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of Developmental Principles for Functional Regeneration of Salivary Glands","authors":"Eui-Seon Lee, Nirpesh Adhikari, Jae-Kwang Jung, Chang-Hyeon An, Jae-Young Kim, Ji-Youn Kim","doi":"10.11637/aba.2019.32.3.83","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11637/aba.2019.32.3.83","url":null,"abstract":"Currently, there has been rapid increase in the studies about salivary production because of the hyposalivation, xerostomia, caused by radiotherapy for head and neck cancer, Sjogren syndrome and aging. An overview of anatomy and development of salivary gland is crucial to understand about the patho-physiological disorders related with saliva. For study of the morphogenesis and development of salivary glands, experiment using rodent models is widely necessary. This review wraps up the early to latest studies the different features of each salivary gland, morphogenesis of developing salivary glands, and the comparison of human and rodent salivary glands. The goal of this review is to provide hypothesis for the further researches about differentiation of specific acinar cells, from which it is determined to be specific acini. Additionally, we discuss approaches to regenerate the function of salivary glands using environmental factor, time dependent factor and nerve factor.","PeriodicalId":356245,"journal":{"name":"Anatomy & Biological Anthropology","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130731400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Case Study of the Fetal Skeleton from a Joseon Period Cemetery","authors":"E. Woo, C. Jeon","doi":"10.11637/ABA.2019.32.2.69","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11637/ABA.2019.32.2.69","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the case of the burial of a couple with their perinatal child in a cemetery from the Joseon period (Eunpyeong site) of South Korea was examined. In archaeological populations, high mortality rates of young females are often associated with problems related to pregnancy and childbirth. However, discoveries of pregnant women and fetal skeletons are very rare in archaeological research. Here, we report the case of a burial of a pregnant female and her perinatal child from a Joseon period cemetery site. The gestational age of fetus was estimated to be between 8.5 months and 9.5 months based on the cranial size and long bone length. The pregnant female under study appears to have died with fetal remains in utero. An examination of this case did not provide evidence that stress of obstetrical event was the direct cause of death. The rare case presented here makes a valuable contribution to the literature on pregnancy and obstetrical issues in past populations.","PeriodicalId":356245,"journal":{"name":"Anatomy & Biological Anthropology","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114463538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}