Collegium Antropologicum最新文献

{"title":"Prevalence and Health Adverse Effects of Khat Chewing Among College Students in Jazan Region, Saudi Arabia","authors":"E. Y. Elbendary, Ashraf A. M. Hassan, S. F. Salem, Saif M. Ibrahim, M. Smolić","doi":"10.5671/CA.44.2.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5671/CA.44.2.3","url":null,"abstract":"Khat chewing is a social habit which has stimulatory action due to its cathinone content, but its adverse effects on health are a source of growing concern. The aim of our study is to evaluate the prevalence and health adverse effects of khat chewing among students in Jazan region in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). The study sample included 195 students from Applied Medical Science College, who were randomly selected and were asked through questionnaire and with a signed consent. About 5 ml of venous blood was collected in plain vacutainer tubes from 38 khat chewers and 20 non khat chewers as normal control. Serum was used to determine alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total and direct bilirubin, total protein, urea, creatinine, uric acid, and albumin. The sample consisted of 134 males and 61 females, with age range 19-27 years, and their mean age was 21.1 year. 40% of students were from urban area, and 81.5% of them from Jazan region. Out of 195 students, only 38 (19.5%) were found to chew khat. Biochemical results revealed highly significant differences among chewers in ALT, ALP, uric acid, and urea (p<0.005) compared to nonchewers group. There is also a significant difference in the total protein level (<0.05), while no significant differences were noticed in other biochemical traits analyzed. We concluded that the prevalence of khat chewing among students is fairly high (19.5 %), and that adverse effects of khat chewing on health are very clear, so all efforts should be contributed to solve this problem by increasing awareness of all members of the society to khat chewing risk.","PeriodicalId":35544,"journal":{"name":"Collegium Antropologicum","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47857417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlation Between Social Status and Health in Early Medieval Dalmatia","authors":"Vlasta Vyroubal, Ž. Bedić, Anita Adamić Hadžić, M. Šlaus","doi":"10.5671/CA.44.2.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5671/CA.44.2.4","url":null,"abstract":"The early mediaeval period in Croatia is rarely mentioned in historical sources. The development of society during this period was greatly influenced by formation of communities, within which there were many inequalities. The social group one belonged to and its ordinance were the main factors in the material and spiritual life of mediaeval man.\u0000Within Croatia, during the Early Middle Ages the process of social disintegration and the formation of social groups/strata varied from area to area. However, it can be deduced that this process was the quickest and most complete in the most socially-developed area – the Eastern Adriatic coast. The basic hypothesis of this paper is that people who belonged to different social groups also had different living conditions, which was reflected in their health, quality of life and lifespan.\u0000An individual's social status was assessed using the archaeological context, i.e. form of burial. The assumption was made that differences in status were reflected in the manner of the burial. The criteria used to determine social status were grave architecture and quantity and quality of grave finds and goods. In order to assess the health of the individuals anthropological methods were used. These methods included the assessment of age and sex, as well as the analyses of pathologies that leave traces on dry bones. Multivariate statistical methods showed that even though there were social inequalities in the early mediaeval society, the individuals belonging to higher-ranking groups had neither better health, nor lived longer. The results of the analyses carried out in the course of this work show that even though social stratification did exist in the early mediaeval society, biological sex was a much more important factor in life expectancy and quality of life than which social group an individual belonged to.","PeriodicalId":35544,"journal":{"name":"Collegium Antropologicum","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48326483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Age-related Variations in Anthropometry, Body Composition and Nutritional Status among the Adult Kheria Sabar Males of Purulia, West Bengal, India","authors":"Kaustav Das, S. Bagchi, Somosree Pal, S. Ganguli, K. Mukherjee","doi":"10.5671/CA.44.2.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5671/CA.44.2.2","url":null,"abstract":"A cross sectional study was conducted to assess the nutritional status amongst the adult Kheria Sabar males of Purulia, West Bengal. Undernutrition and ageing may have a significant effect on body composition the former is predicted by simple anthropometric measurements. 304 apparently healthy adult males aged 18-60 years were selected at random from fifteen villages of West Bengal. Subjects were categorised into four age groups and standard anthropometric measurements were used like height (HT), weight (WT), mid-upper-arm circumference (MUAC) and various skinfolds. Derived variables of body mass index (BMI), per cent body fat (PBF), fat mass (FM), fat-free mass (FFM), fat mass index (FMI) and fat-free mass index (FFMI) were also calculated. Majority of the variables were found to be inversely correlated with age. Positive (HT, WT, MUAC, BMI, FFM and FFMI) and negative (FM and FMI) significant differences were observed across different age groups. It was also observed that the frequency of undernutrition (62.6%) was highest among the elderly people with 47.6% overall prevalence. This study clearly indicates that among the undernourished individuals older people are more vulnerable to malnutrition and thus immediate nutritional intervention among the older people is required.","PeriodicalId":35544,"journal":{"name":"Collegium Antropologicum","volume":"44 1","pages":"73-80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44501677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Auditory Processing in People with Chronic Aphasia","authors":"Katarina Pavičić Dokoza, Z. Kolundžić","doi":"10.5671/CA.44.2.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5671/CA.44.2.5","url":null,"abstract":"The preconditions for successful voice communication are good hearing and listening, and auditory processing that includes the ability to process the audio signal. Damage or deceleration of sound signal processing at any level from the periphery to the central structures leads to disintegration and inability to process the signal effectively. Auditory processing in people with aphasia has not been examined in Croatia to date. Results of studies conducted in other languages point to the negative effects of auditory processing difficulties on the receptive and expressive component of the language. This study was conducted on a sample of subjects with chronic aphasia and a group of control subjects with no nerological or any other disorders that can affect auditory processing. The inclusion criteria for persons with aphasia were impaired langu age skills as a result of cerebrovascular accident that occurred at least six months before the examination, regardless of severity and type of aphasia and normal hearing status. The study did not include persons with aphasia who were unable to repeat the six-word sentence, whether it was impaired comprehension or speech expression, and those whose comprehension was not sufficient to cooperate well during the test. The test was conducted individually for 30 minutes per subject using the Auditory processing test (PSP) that is standardized for the Croatian language. Results from this study showed statistically significant lower achievement on all subtests on PSP-1 (filtered words, speech in noise, dichotic words test, and dichotic sentence test) in people with aphasia compared with control group. People with aphasia and control group subjects showed better results in favour of left ear on variable speech in noise. Filtered words were easily processed through the left ear in people with aphasia while dichotic sentences were easily processed through the left ear in control group. The results of this study confirm the hypothesis of the presence of auditory processing difficulties in people with aphasia and are consistent with previous studies conducted in other languages. In addition, the study points to the need to introduce specific therapeutic procedures in rehabilitation in order to improve the function of auditory processing in persons after a cerebrovascular accident.","PeriodicalId":35544,"journal":{"name":"Collegium Antropologicum","volume":"44 1","pages":"95-102"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48038171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of Cone Beam Computed Tomography for Studying Temporomandibular Joint Morphology","authors":"I. Lukšić, Žiga Lužnik, I. Pelivan, Samir Čimić","doi":"10.5671/CA.44.2.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5671/CA.44.2.6","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the present study was to investigate morphology of temporomandibular joint using cone beam computer tomography in Croatian population. Study included 45 adults (32 females and 13 males). Articular eminence inclination, glenoid fossa width, glenoid fossa depth, condylar length, condylar width and condylar type were determined for each temporomandibular joint. Since independent samples t test didn't show significant differences between left and right sides for all of observed parameters (α=0.05), left and right side values were treated as one sample. Determined glenoid fossa depth was 7.11±2.23, glenoid fossa width 19.22±2.58, condylar width 7.54±1.59, condylar length 17.95±2.81 and articular eminence inclination was 34.59±7.35 degrees. Most of condyles were classified as convex type (32.5%), followed by flattened (23.8%), rounded (11.3%) and angled (10%). Undefined (other type) were classified 22.5% of condyles. Cone beam computer tomography measurements of temporomandibular joint bone structures in Croatian population showed similarities to most of previous research (with different population studied). Still, prevalence of different condylar types differ from most of previous studies. Interindividual differences in temporomandibular joint morphology are expected.","PeriodicalId":35544,"journal":{"name":"Collegium Antropologicum","volume":"44 1","pages":"103-106"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70697808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Secular Changes in Male Body Height in the European Part of Russia during the 20th Century","authors":"L. Lebedeva, Yulia A. Kucherova, E. Godina","doi":"10.5671/CA.44.2.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5671/CA.44.2.1","url":null,"abstract":"Significant political and economic transformations took place on the territory of contemporary Russia in the first part of the 20th century. We hypothesized that they would have affected male growth curve negatively. To test this idea, the dataset was collected to present the graph, which illustrates the changes in male body height during the 20th century. We searched for bibliographic sources with information about body height of men and women born during the 20th century, with full description of measurement methodology, sample design and significant geographical distribution of the dataset covering more than 15 territories of the country – cities or regions. Such criteria were met only for men. We found only 8 sources that could be considered reliable in the research. The observed graph confirms positive changes in male body height on the territory of the European part of contemporary Russia: for those, who were born in 1900‘s it was 166.1 cm, in 1920s – 166.5 cm, in 1940s – 171 cm, in 1960s – 174.8 cm and in 1980s the indicator reached 176.1 cm. No significant negative changes in this indicator have been found during the studied period. The primary hypothesis that political and socio-economic transformations affect male growth curve negatively was confirmed only partly. We concluded that unfavorable political and socio-economic events (such as revolutions, World War I and World War II, purges and famines) influenced the pace of body height increase in men. While the main period of secular trend was fixed in the first decades of the 20th century in Germany, Netherlands and France, in this part of Russia it occurred later, in 1930–1960s. However, the total increase in male height was very similar for all mentioned territories (9–11 cm) during 1900–1980’s.","PeriodicalId":35544,"journal":{"name":"Collegium Antropologicum","volume":"44 1","pages":"63-72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48312743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Harmonic Structure of Tracheal Biometrics","authors":"D. Milavec, Z. Lončar, V. Mićković, H. Puretić, Jelenko Lazić","doi":"10.5671/CA.44.2.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5671/CA.44.2.7","url":null,"abstract":"According to existing research, in 20% of patients the required tracheal size (diameter and length) could not be measured automatically (using software solution). In this paper, we use Zederbauer's harmonic circle to define the relationship between a person's body height and the diameter and length of their trachea. We then explore differences by gender. The results show that there is a highly significant correlation between measured data and values obtained by harmonic analysis. The final goal is to obtain the mathematical interpretation of the relationship of the tracheal size to the height of man, in order to further apply such sizes in the creation of 3D models that could finally be printed on appropriate 3D printers and with the suitable material.","PeriodicalId":35544,"journal":{"name":"Collegium Antropologicum","volume":"44 1","pages":"107-112"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49019411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Usporedba metoda samoprocjene i\u0000mjerenja visine, težine i indeksa tjelesne mase u turskoj studentskoj\u0000populaciji","authors":"Sibel Önal, Sercan Acar, A. Özdemir, Cansev Meşe Yavuz, Seçil Sağir, Mehmet Sağir, Başak Özer","doi":"10.5671/ca.44.1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5671/ca.44.1.3","url":null,"abstract":"Accuracy and validity of self-reported height and weight, and body image satisfaction have not been evaluated particularly in young adult population in Turkey. The aim of the study was to establish the differences of self-reported height and weight, and body mass index (BMI). The study conducted on 617 university students (304 males and 313 females) aged 17-30 years from Ankara and Sivas, Turkey. Height and weight were measured and obtained by a questionnaire. From both measured and self-reported values for accuracy absolute differences were calculated. BMI was calculated from both self-reported and measured height and weight values using World Health Organization (WHO) cut-offs. The results showed that mean accuracy for the overestimated height was 1.83 cm for males (Ankara 1.59 cm and Sivas 2.05 cm), and 2.42 cm for females (Ankara 2.12 cm and Sivas 2.74 cm), and underreporting weight was 0.35 kg (Ankara 0.13 kg and Sivas 0.56 kg) and -0.95 kg (Ankara 0.33 kg and Sivas 1.07 kg), respectively. Self-reported BMIs>25 was 33.9% for males (Ankara 27.6% and Sivas 39.6%), and 15.7% for females (Ankara 9.9% and Sivas 16.8%), while measured BMIs>25 was 38.2% (Ankara 30.3% and Sivas 45.3%) and 25.9% (Ankara 21.7% and Sivas 35.5%), respectively. In conclusion, study group tended to overestimate height but underestimate weight, therefore the self-reported weight and height studies needed to evaluate more cautiously, and direct measurements or correction equations for adjustment needed for reliable results.","PeriodicalId":35544,"journal":{"name":"Collegium Antropologicum","volume":"44 1","pages":"21-28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44369434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Body Composition, Fat Mass, Fat-Free\u0000Mass and Percent of Body Fat among Rural School\u0000Children of Northeastern India","authors":"Dali Dutta, S. Sengupta","doi":"10.5671/CA.44.1.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5671/CA.44.1.5","url":null,"abstract":"Recently recognized important indicators of body composition are fat mass (FM), fat-free mass (FFM) and percent body fat (PBF). The aim of this cross-sectional study is to determine body composition of the pre-adolescent children by using FM, FFM, and PBF. This study was performed using data from 584 children (281 boys and 303 girls) aged 6–10 years of Ahom descent from upper Assam state, Northeast India. Four anthropometric measurements i.e. height, weight, skinfold at triceps (TSF) and sub-scapular (SSF) were taken to calculate FM, FFM, FMI, FFMI, PBF, PBF for age (PBFZ), body mass index(BMI). Age-specific mean values of FM ranged from 2.12–4.00 kg (boys) and 2.16–4.40 kg (girls) and the agespecific mean values of FFM ranged from 14.45–23.93 kg (boys) and 14.01–23.03 kg (girls). The highest PBF value was observed at the age of 6 years for both groups of the children while the lowest value was observed at the age of 10 years and 9 years for boys and girls respectively. Sex-specific mean differences between sexes were statistically significant in SSF, PBF, FM, and FMI. For future investigations in clinical and epidemiological studies, these results are very important as they can be used to identify the risk of lower or higher adiposity and body composition using PBF, FM, and FFM.","PeriodicalId":35544,"journal":{"name":"Collegium Antropologicum","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46723961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prognostic Significance of Alkaline Phosphatase Activity and Callus Volume in Operatively Treated Bone Fractures","authors":"A. Muljačić, Matea Majstorović-Matejić, Marko Guberina, Ognjen Živković, R. Poljak-Guberina","doi":"10.5671/CA.44.1.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5671/CA.44.1.6","url":null,"abstract":"Total and bone alkaline phosphatase are indicators of bone formation, a process essential in bone healing. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship of both total and bone alkaline phosphatase with the course and features of healing in surgically treated long bone fractures as compared to the callus volume. In this study, total and bone alkaline phosphatase levels and the callus volume were measured in two patients with long bone fractures. Fracture healing was rapid in one patient and slow in the other. Depending on the healing outcome, on day 7 an increase in the case of slow healing and a decrease in the case of rapid healing was noted for both total and bone alkaline phosphatase. In the case of slow healing, the callus volume was significant whereas in the case of rapid healing the callus was almost invisible on day 7. This result indicates a possible prognostic significance of aforementioned clinical biochemical and radiographic parameters in the monitoring of long bone fracture healing.","PeriodicalId":35544,"journal":{"name":"Collegium Antropologicum","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47969820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}