Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenij. Chernaya Metallurgiya最新文献

{"title":"УПРУГОПЛАСТИЧЕСКИЙ ИЗГИБ КРУГЛОГО СТАЛЬНОГО БРУСА. СООБЩЕНИЕ 1. КОЭФФИЦИЕНТ ПРУЖИНЕНИЯ","authors":"Владимир Николаевич Шинкин","doi":"10.17073/0368-0797-2018-3-194-200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17073/0368-0797-2018-3-194-200","url":null,"abstract":"The round steel beam is widely used in metallurgy, mechanical engineering, construction and is one of the major players in the engine industry. Having the excellent anti-corrosion properties, combined with a remarkable strength, the round steel beam is often indispensable in the production of the various mechanical machines and devices. The cylindrical springs for the railway and motor transport are made from the round beam with the help of the special bending machines. Billets from the round beam are also used in the metallurgy at the manufacture of seamless pipes for the oil and gas industry. The rollers of the sheet-straightening machines and rolling mills in metallurgy have the form of stepped round beam. The steel construction armature is made from the round beam and is close to it by geometric dimensions. The main foreign producers of continuous-casting-billets machines for production of round-cross-section blanks are SMS-Demag (Germany), Danieli (Italy), SMS Concast (Switzerland) and Siemens VAI (Austria). The modern production of round steel beam has place on many Russian metallurgical plants, for example, on JSC “Chusovskoy metallurgical plant”, PJSC “Chelyabinsk metallurgical plant”, JSC “Volzhsky pipe plant”, OJSC “Nizhneserginsky metizno-metallurgical plant”, JSC “Chepetsky mechanical plant”, PJSC “Seversky pipe plant” and PJSC “Taganrog metallurgical plant”. In manufacture of articles from round beam and under their exploitation, they often have an elastic or elastoplastic deformation of bending or have a complex deformation of torsion with bending. The analytical method for determining residual curvature of round steel beam under elastoplastic bend is proposed in this paper. The calculations allow us to determine residual curvature of round beam after bending and the bending moments of beam’s cross section at bending depending on the beam’ radius, elastic modulus, yield stress and hardening modulus of beam’s metal. The research results can be widely used at engineering and metallurgical plants.","PeriodicalId":35527,"journal":{"name":"Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenij. Chernaya Metallurgiya","volume":"22 1","pages":"194-200"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87128077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ВОЗМОЖНЫЕ МЕХАНИЗМЫ ДИССИПАЦИИ ЭНЕРГИИ ПРИ ПЕРЕХОДЕ ОТ ОБРАТИМОЙ ДЕФОРМАЦИИ К НЕОБРАТИМОЙ","authors":"Ю. А. Алюшин, С. М. Горбатюк","doi":"10.17073/0368-0797-2018-3-223-229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17073/0368-0797-2018-3-223-229","url":null,"abstract":"Physically observed mechanisms of transition from reversible deformation to irreversible do not have an adequate mathematical model in the mechanics of a deformed solid. An attempt is made to describe the observed phenomena on the basis of the energy principles of mechanics. Two models are considered, the first of which provides for a two-stage picture of a uniform strain with linear stretching of a homogeneous sample with isotropic properties. At the first stage, the generally accepted equations of motion in the form of Lagrange are used, the relationship between longitudinal and transverse deformations determines the Poisson’s ratio. After reaching the critical state, the deformation remains uniform with the equations of motion similar to those adopted in the first stage, but the ratio of transverse and longitudinal deformations varies, facilitating the return of the volume of particles to their original value. In this case, the energy of the particles, determined by the change in their volume and shape, decreases, the excess part is released as heat to the surrounding space. In the second model, the material of the deformable body is assumed to be an ideal rigid-plastic medium, for which the initial undeformed state becomes plastic when the tangential stresses reach a critical value. The position of the shear planes is determined from the extreme principles of the theory of plasticity. The most probable is sliding along planes, the normals to which are oriented at an angle of 45° to the axis of maximum normal stress. It is shown that, due to the change in the stress state scheme after the formation of primary slip bands, several other families of slip planes can be successively formed. Moreover, a shift in the second, and then in the third and other families, requires less energy. But the simultaneous existence of several slip planes is impossible, since a reduction in effort leads to the termination of sliding along the initial plane. Thermal sources on slip planes result in energy dissipation, reduction in effort and further development of deformation requires an increase in effort to a critical value corresponding to the beginning of the first stage. Both models are consistent with the experimentally observed mechanisms of irreversible deformation, in particular when static stretching under the conditions of planar deformation, fracture of samples most often occurs at an angle of about 21°.","PeriodicalId":35527,"journal":{"name":"Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenij. Chernaya Metallurgiya","volume":"19 1","pages":"223-229"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83777468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"МОДЕЛЬ ЭЛЕКТРОЭРОЗИОННОГО РАЗРУШЕНИЯ КОМПОЗИЦИОННЫХ ЭЛЕКТРОВЗРЫВНЫХ ПОКРЫТИЙ В УСЛОВИЯХ ИСКРОВОЙ ЭРОЗИИ","authors":"Дмитрий Александрович Романов, Евгений Валентинович Протопопов","doi":"10.17073/0368-0797-2018-2-135-139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17073/0368-0797-2018-2-135-139","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, the authors propose a model of electroerosion destruction of composite electroexplosive coatings of W – Cu, Mo – Cu, W – Cu – Cu, Mo – Cu – Cu, Ti – B – Cu, and TiB 2 – Cu systems under spark erosion that occurs when electrical contacts are opened. The model is associated with the evaporation of electrodes under the influence of heat flow, which arises from sparking when electrical contacts are opened. In constructing this model, the resistance of electrical contacts during the tests was in the range from 40 to 50 μΩ. The model was constructed in the framework of the problem of heating a half-space by a surface normal pulsed heat source uniformly distribute d over an area of a certain radius and with certain duration of action. Distribution of the pulse energy in time was approximated by a rectangular pulse. The heat equation was solved in a cylindrical coordinate system for a plane instantaneous source with allowance for a finite time of the pulse. The vapor pressure of the metal was determined from the surface temperature. The calculations were carried out at a voltage of 380 V, a current of 3 A, a spark discharge time of 150 μs and a radius of the contact spot of a spark discharge with a surface of 152 μm. As a result, there were determined: the surface temperature of electrodes from pure metal, the surface temperature of electrodes from composite coatings, the depth of the evaporation layer of electrodes from pure materials, the loss of mass of the composite coating after a single discharge pulse, the relative change in the volumetric electroerosion resistance of electrodes from pure materials, durability of electrodes from pure materials, relative change in volumetric erosion resistance of electroexplosive composite coatings and the relative change in mass spark resistance of electroexplosive composite coatings. The partial composition of the elements­ included in the composite coating was calculated. The obtained results are in good agreement with the experimental results, especially in the W – C – Cu, Mo – C – Cu and Ti – B – Cu ternary systems. Comparison with data from the literature has a fairly good degree of correlation. Deviations for the binary W – Cu, Mo – Cu systems have causes in the model approximations.","PeriodicalId":35527,"journal":{"name":"Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenij. Chernaya Metallurgiya","volume":"41 1","pages":"135-139"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87338697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ВИБРАЦИОННАЯ ПРОШИВКА ТРУБНОЙ ЗАГОТОВКИ НА ПРОШИВНОМ ПРЕССЕ ТРУБОПРЕССОВОЙ УСТАНОВКИ","authors":"С. Р. Рахманов","doi":"10.17073/0368-0797-2018-2-156-163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17073/0368-0797-2018-2-156-163","url":null,"abstract":"The issues of using highly efficient technologies in the production of pipes on the piercing press of a pipe press installation are considered. The existing basic and perspective directions of intensification of deformation modes in the processes of metal forming using active controlled high-frequency vibrations are analyzed. It was established that, due to insufficient study, vibration processes do not find wide application in the production of seamless pipes. By analyzing and synthesizing a number of known fundamental studies, it has been shown that favorable conditions for metal deformation can be achieved by using high-frequency vibrations. It was revealed that the operation of the pipe billet piercing on the piercing press is accompanied by considerable losses to overcome the forces of technological resistance, characteristic for the process of deformations unevenness throughout the volume of the processed metal. Some previously unknown phenomena that arise during the implementation of existing technologies for pipe billets piercing have been established, which required the creation of new mathematical models of such processes that adequately reflect the conditions of the process of piercing or expanding the billets on modern piercing presses. A mathematical model of the dynamic wave processes arising in the processed metal is made. For the quasistationary process of pipe billet piercing differential equations of wave formation are obtained at the corresponding boundaries of the zones of the deformation center, characteristic for the plastic zone and the zone with cracking in the pierced metal. The parameters of the wave propagation boundary in the pierced pipe billet on the conjugate fronts of the plastic zone with the zone of crack formation are determined. It was established that deformations and stresses in the pierced metal depend on the rate of expansion of characteristic waves at the interface of contact with technological tools. A highly effective innovative technology of vibration piercing of a pipe billet on a piercing press of a pipe-rolling mill is substantiated. The features of realizing the technology of active controlled vibration piercing of the pipe billet on the piercing press of a pipe-rolling mill are determined. It is shown that the use of high-frequency oscillations on the press contributes to a significant increase in the efficiency of the technological process of piercing or expansion of pipe billets. The choice of rational parameters of high-frequency vibrators (amplitude-frequency characteristics), built into the system, resulted in a noticeable decrease in the energy-strength parameters du­ ring the piercing of the pipe billet and a significant improvement in the quality of the produced sleeves.","PeriodicalId":35527,"journal":{"name":"Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenij. Chernaya Metallurgiya","volume":"143 1","pages":"156-163"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89801411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"О МЕСТАХ СДВИГОВОГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ ЗАРОДЫШЕЙ ПРИ ФАЗОВЫХ ПРЕВРАЩЕНИЯХ В СТАЛИ","authors":"В. Н. Пустовойт, Ю. В. Долгачев, Ю. М. Домбровский, Ю. А. Корнилов","doi":"10.17073/0368-0797-2018-2-114-119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17073/0368-0797-2018-2-114-119","url":null,"abstract":"The article considers the question of nucleation sites during phase transitions, which, even for thoroughly studied martensitic transformations, remains an essential one. Generality of shear nucleation and nucleation site for diffusion (normal) and martensitic transformations is discussed. Specific aspects of nucleation have been studied through surface relief observation of 30KhGSA and U12 steel and technical iron by means of high-temperature metallography, and also by microstructural study of the initial stages of phase transformations of porous sintered steels with carbon content of 0.40 and 1.57 %. Pictures of austenite origin from low-angle and large-angle boundaries are presented, which testify to shear mechanism of its formation. Numerous acts of ferrite nucleation at γ-phase grain boundary are shown for both slow and fast cooling, which forms the morphology of the acicolar (Widemanstatten) ferrite. In 30KhGSA and U12 steels martensite is formed along the grain boundaries, although other nucleation areas, for example, such as packing defects, inclusions, special dislocation configurations, are not excluded, but they are not preferential. In samples­ of porous steel, predominant growth of twin crystals of martensite from pores takes place. The obtained experimental data on embryos of austenite and ferrite indicate a shear mechanism of nucleation at the initial stage of diffusion transformations, which subsequently is replaced by normal growth mechanism with formation of equiaxed grains. It is concluded that, despite the differences in phases nucleation nature and conditions, acts of nucleation in all cases occur in the same way, and the differences­ begin at the stage of growth. It is shown that shear nucleation can start from grain, subgrains boundaries and also from free surfaces (for example,­ pores in sintered steel). Nucleation in these places is facilitated by relaxation of transformation stresses and liberated part of the grain-bound-ary energy. Revealed rhomboidal morphology of martensitic­ crystals formed on pores can be explained by the fact that nucleation from free surface occurring under conditions of minimal influence of elastic fields of the surrounding matrix encourages implementation of general regularities of martensitic crystals growth.","PeriodicalId":35527,"journal":{"name":"Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenij. Chernaya Metallurgiya","volume":"191 1","pages":"114-119"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75804541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ДЕФОРМАЦИЯ ЛЮДЕРСА В СВАРНЫХ СОЕДИНЕНИЯХ","authors":"В. И. Данилов, Александр Николаевич Смирнов, Виктория Валерьевна Горбатенко, Дазмира Васильевна Орлова, Л. В. Данилова","doi":"10.17073/0368-0797-2018-2-128-134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17073/0368-0797-2018-2-128-134","url":null,"abstract":"The article considers the process of elastic-plastic transition in welded samples from low-carbon steel. Two methods of manual arc welding with a consumable electrode are used: traditional fixed arc and pulse welding with controlled heat input. It is shown that both methods are identical with respect to the obtained structural characteristics and mechanical properties. In both cases, a stretched elastic-plastic transition is observed by the nucleation and propagation of the Luders bands. However, depending on the welding method, it is realized in different scenarios. When using traditional welding with a stationary arc in a loaded sample, the Luders band nucleus is formed in the weld metal first in the form of diffuse deformation localization regions that fill the seam and transfer it to a plastically deformed state. Movable fronts of the band are finally formed in the heat-affected zones and pass into the base metal. The velocities of fronts and their morphology are identical to those of fronts in similar objects of similar steel. In the case of pulsed arc welding, the nucleation of the Luders bands occurs at a distance from the weld seam at the clamps of the loading device. Up to the heat-affected zones, the morphology and the velocity of the fronts correspond to the data for the parent metal. At the fusion boundary, the front stops and forms the nucleus of a new band that sprouts into the weld metal. This new band first transforms the weld metal into a deformed state, and then creates a movable front in the opposite heat-affected zone. The velocities of the fronts in the deposited and base metals differ by an order of magnitude. The welded seam determines the process of nucleation of the Luders band. The explanation of different scenarios of elastic-plastic transition is offered depending on the welding method. When using the traditional method of welding with a stationary arc in heat affected zones, the local long-range stresses are much higher than in the base metal, so here, as a relaxation process, the band originates. In the case of pulsed arc welding, these stresses are higher in the base metal, where the Luders bands originate. The obtained data can be used to justify the parameters of the heat-and-power equipment test.","PeriodicalId":35527,"journal":{"name":"Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenij. Chernaya Metallurgiya","volume":"60 1","pages":"128-134"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90679156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ИЗУЧЕНИЕ ТВЕРДОЖИДКОФАЗНОГО КАРБОТЕРМИЧЕСКОГО ВОССТАНОВЛЕНИЯ НИКЕЛЯ ИЗ РУДОУГОЛЬНЫХ БРИКЕТОВ","authors":"Е. А. Бут, Андрей Владимирович Павлов","doi":"10.17073/0368-0797-2018-2-120-127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17073/0368-0797-2018-2-120-127","url":null,"abstract":"Currently, there is a difficult situation in the production of ferronickel – the reserves of rich nickel ores end, and well-developed and established classical production schemes do not provide economically efficient processing of poor oxidized nickel ores. It seems promising to use for this raw material new highly efficient and economical processes for the production of primary metal using orecoal briquettes, for example, the ITmk3 process or the smelting process in an oxygen reactor. To study the applicability of the solid-liquid-phase carbothermic reduction process for ore-coal briquettes for poor oxidized nickel ore, the conditions were used most simulating industrial conditions-the discharge of a briquette of industrial size (diameter 24 mm, height 30 – 35 mm, weight 20 – 30 g) in conditions of the furnace hot zone with a temperature of 1500 °С. The briquette surface temperature was measured with the «Pyrovision M9000» thermal imager, and the gas phase analysis was performed using a «Gasochrom-3101» chromatog­ raph. It has been experimentally established that the temperature of the briquette varies according to the same logarithmic law. Under the assumed assumption – formation as a result of reduction in the gas phase of carbon monoxide alone and taking into account a logarithmic increase in the heating rate of the sample, the experimental procedure allows to determine the rate and degree of reduction as a function of time, the total reduction time, compositions of the produced metal and slag, order of the reaction, the activation energy and limiting stage of the process. Experiments with various types of reductant and different briquette compositions at a temperature of 1500 °С have been carried out. It is shown that the process proceeds in a mixed mode with simultaneous control by internal mass transfer and chemical reaction. The optimal conditions for the solid-liquid-phase carbothermic reduction of oxidized nickel ore are determined: the type of reducing agent is semi-coke, the concentration of the reducing agent in the briquette is 5 %; fractions of components are less than 1 mm; process temperature is 1500 °С; the recovery time is 12 minutes. By varying the content of reducing agent in the briquette, it is possible to obtain ferronickel with a nickel concentration of 5 % to 22 %.","PeriodicalId":35527,"journal":{"name":"Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenij. Chernaya Metallurgiya","volume":"46 1","pages":"120-127"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79404177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"НОРМАТИВНОЕ МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЕ ПРОИЗВОДИТЕЛЬНОСТИ КОМПЛЕКСА МЕДНЕНИЯ СТАЛЬНОЙ ПРОВОЛОКИ","authors":"С. М. Кулаков, А. И. Мусатова, В. Н. Кадыков","doi":"10.17073/0368-0797-2018-2-164-167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17073/0368-0797-2018-2-164-167","url":null,"abstract":"Explicit algorithmic normative model of technological line operation was developed, technically possible and normative values of work cycles and line productivity were calculated. Normative digital prototype of operation of coppering unit was designed, taking into account a number of lines, a number of wire “threads” used on each of them for calculation of multivariate technically possible and normative values of the system’s productivity.","PeriodicalId":35527,"journal":{"name":"Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenij. Chernaya Metallurgiya","volume":"17 1","pages":"164-167"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82777912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ОСОБЕННОСТИ ДВИЖЕНИЯ ЗАРОДЫША СЛОЖНОЙ ФОРМЫ НА ТАРЕЛЬЧАТОМ ОКОМКОВАТЕЛЕ В ПРОИЗВОДСТВЕ ЖЕЛЕЗОРУДНЫХ ОКАТЫШЕЙ","authors":"Виктор Михайлович Павловец, А. В. Герасимук","doi":"10.17073/0368-0797-2018-2-87-95","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17073/0368-0797-2018-2-87-95","url":null,"abstract":"The movement specifics of a germ with complex shape on the pelletizing disk in production of iron-ore pellets are considered. As a result of the analysis of the forces acting on the cubic germ during its roll on the charge scull (CS) in the conditions of plastic deformation, a mathematical model was build that allows the optimal parameters of the pelletizer to be determined for the production of pellets based on the technology of a forced germ formation. Two particular cases of germ stability on the pelletizer CS and the conditions for the over-coming of the stability associated with the formation of a roll are considered. The germ stability, or conversely, its roll is determined by the horizontal position of its mass center relative to the support edge located across the probable direction of the roll. If the line of the acting force (gravity force) moves behind the support edge and the reference plane, a force moment will be generated which will lead the germ out of the stability state and form a germ roll. The first special case of germ stability on the inclined plane is the absence of a roll on the CS with a minimum value of the centrifugal force corresponding to the location of the germ in the central areas of the pelletizing zone or to operation of a working element with a low rotation speed ( n   3  rpm) and location of the germ in peripheral areas of the working zone of the pelletizer. For these cases the conditions for germs roll on the CS in the pelletizer working zone and correcting measures in the conditions of plastic deformation during the corners and edges crushing are formulated. The features of the germ movement in the working zone of the pelletizing disk are shown. The conditions for correcting the regime of forced germ formation are provided, and the measures are indicated for the purposeful impact on the crushing factor of a germ. It was established that for the organization of the regime of a germ roll with complex shape the angle of disk inclination to the horizon should be set depending on the frequency of its rotation and the crushing factor of germs.","PeriodicalId":35527,"journal":{"name":"Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenij. Chernaya Metallurgiya","volume":"5 1","pages":"87-95"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88648034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ИЗУЧЕНИЕ КАЧЕСТВА СВАРНОГО ШВА, ПОЛУЧЕННОГО ПРИ СВАРКЕ ПОД ФЛЮСОМ С ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕМ БАРИЙСТРОНЦИЕВОГО КАРБОНАТИТА","authors":"Николай Анатольевич Козырев, Р.Е. Крюков, А. А. Усольцев, О. Д. Прохоренко, В. Г. Айматов","doi":"10.17073/0368-0797-2018-2-108-113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17073/0368-0797-2018-2-108-113","url":null,"abstract":"The results of barium-strontium carbonatite application in metallurgy for modifying and refining iron-carbon alloys are generalized. It is proposed to use bariumstrontium carbonate in welding fluxes manufacturing. BSK-2 barium-strontium modifier produced according to TU 1717-001-75073896-2005 by “NPK Metalltekhnoprom” LLC of the following chemical composition: 13.0 – 19.0 % ВаО , 3.5 – 7.5 % SrO, 17.5 – 25.5 % СаО , 19.8 – 29.8 % SiO 2 , 0.7 – 1.1 % MgO, 2.5 – 3.5 % K 2 О , 1.0 – 2.0 % Na 2 O, 1.5 – 6.5 % Fe 2 O 3 , 0 – 0.4 % MnO, 1.9 – 3.9 % А l 2 O 3 , 0.7 – 1.1 % TiO 2 ,16.0 - 20.0 % CO 2 was applied. Technology of manufacturing a flux agent containing 70 % of barium-strontium carbonatite and 30 % of liquidglass is proposed. Several compositions of welding fluxes based on silicomanganese slag were tested. Flux agent was added in an amount of 1, 3 and 5 %. Technological specifications of welding under investigated compositions of welding fluxes are determined. X-ray spectral analysis of chemical composition of the investigated fluxes, slag crusts and weld metal were carried out, as well as metallographic investigations of welded joints. Principle possibility of barium-strontium carbonatite application as refining and gas-protective additive for welding fluxes is shown. Application­ of barium-strontium carbonatite provides reduction of weld metal conta­ mination with nonmetallic inclusions: non-deflecting silicates, 1D oxides and brittle silicates, and also increase desulfurizing ability of welding fluxes. Introduction of barium-strontium carbonatite into flux based on silicic and manganese slag in an amount of up to 5 % provides ferrite-pearlitic structure of the weld metal of Widmanstatten orientation, while the grain size slightly reduces from no. 4 to no. 4, no. 5.","PeriodicalId":35527,"journal":{"name":"Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenij. Chernaya Metallurgiya","volume":"57 1","pages":"108-113"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82975842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}