Asian Journal of Research in Zoology最新文献

{"title":"A Survey of Urinary Schistosomiasis among Secondary School Students in Jalingo Town, Jalingo Local Government Area, Taraba State","authors":"Zakki Yula Hosea, Kator Liamngee, Jacob John Geraji","doi":"10.9734/ajriz/2019/v2i430073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajriz/2019/v2i430073","url":null,"abstract":"This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of urinary Schistosomiasis among secondary school students in Jalingo town, Jalingo local government area, Nigeria. Ordinary centrifugal sedimentation technique was used and the deposits were examined microscopically. Data collected were analyzed using chi square. Out of the 200 samples examined, 37 (18.5%) had infection, with no significant difference (p>0.05) in infection rates between males (21.1%) and females (15.1%). Among the two schools sampled School A had the highest prevalence (22.0%) followed by School B (15.0%) with no significant difference (p>0.05). Children aged 9-12 years (60.0%) were more infected than those aged 19-21 (13.0%) (p<0.05).There was a close relationship between haematuria and positive urine samples as 72.7% of the students tested positive excreted blood in their urine (p<0.05). Major risk factors were poor hygiene, ignorance and poverty. The results of this study show that secondary school students harbor infection and are a source of transmission of Schistosomiasis in the study area. Planning and provision of drugs for treatment should be considered in disease prevention and control programmes. Community participatory health education should be encouraged as the first step in reducing infection and transmission of the disease.","PeriodicalId":355136,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Zoology","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127257248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mound Distribution and Soil Transformation by Macrotermes bellicosus in Bagudo and Augie in Kebbi State, Nigeria","authors":"H. A. Shindi, H. Bandiya, M. Yahaya, A. Aminu","doi":"10.9734/ajriz/2019/v2i430072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajriz/2019/v2i430072","url":null,"abstract":"The study was carried out to determine the distribution and soil transformation by Macrotermes bellicosus species. Two local government areas of Kebbi State namely; Bagudo and Augie were selected for the study. Field survey and proximate analysis was used for the study, data generated were analyzed using descriptive (Means) and inferential (ANOVA) statistics. Mounds were manually counted; where distance, height and basal circumferences were measured using measuring tape. Results obtained showed mound size was significantly different (P˂0.05) among the study area. Physical characteristics of mounds such as distance, basal circumference, height: were also significantly different (P˂0.05) in all the locations. Dry land and wet land showed no significant (P˃0.05) difference exhibited in physical characteristics. Results indicated significant (P˂0.05) difference in Cation exchange capacity (C.E.C), sand, silt, and clay, and all mineral elements in study locations. Mound soils differed: (P˂0.05) significantly in Cation exchange capacity (C.E.C), sand, silt, and clay and all the elements in study locations: In conclusion, termites: can be considered to be cheap agents of soil amendments which can help farmers in improving soil fertility.","PeriodicalId":355136,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Zoology","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116658235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biochemical, Histopathological and Mutagenic Changes Following the Co-administration of Antihelminthic and Antimalarial Drugs in Wistar Rats","authors":"A. A. Obiajunwa, Emmanuel Taiwo Idowu, O. Otubanjo","doi":"10.9734/ajriz/2019/v2i430071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajriz/2019/v2i430071","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: To determine the effects of antimalaria and antheminthic drugs combination in the incidence of histopathological alteration and biochemical modulations in liver and kidney of albino rats. \u0000Place and Duration of Study: The study was undertaken at the Zoology Department University of Lagos Akoka Lagos Nigeria. \u0000Methodology: A total of twenty (25) Male adult albino rats of 13-15 weeks old were divided into 5 groups of 5 rats each and daily oral administration of human therapeutic doses of praziquantel (PZQ 50 mg/kg body weight) separate and in combination with ivermectin (IVM 0.4 mg/kg body weight), albendazole (ALB 15 mg/kg body weight) and Artemether-lumefanthrine (ACT 140 mg/kg body weight) was administered with the  group which serve as the control receiving 1ml distilled water. Toxic effects due to these treatments were investigated using histopathological, biochemical and mutagenic indices at day 8th and 15th of the study. \u0000Results: Biochemical assessment revealed significant reduction in AST, ALT, ALP and potassium in the treatment group compared to the control. Increase in the level calcium, Albumin and bicarbonate were also observed in treatment groups. Histopathological assessment of the liver showed a general incidence of focal inflammation along the portal tract area, but did not show any differential severity across treatment groups except for single PZQ treatment group which were characterized by fatty infiltration. A general occurrence of mesangial damage and glomerula injury was observed in kidney tissues. Renal lesions were more severe in single PZQ + IVM treatment groups while mild lesions characterized renal tissue from PZQ+ACT treatment groups. Mutagenic effects as indicated by the high incidence of sperm head abnormalities was recorded across combination treatments especially in PZQ+ IVR and PZQ+ ACT groups. \u0000Conclusion: Findings suggest that combination therapies are synergistic and could result in nephrotoxicity, antidiuretic effects, dehydration and mutagenicity at human therapeutic doses.","PeriodicalId":355136,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Zoology","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128698768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparing the Nutritional Composition of Some Edible Insects and Some Animal Meats in North-western State of Nigeria","authors":"H. A. Shindi, Q. Majeed, H. Bandiya, M. Yahaya, I. Aiki","doi":"10.9734/ajriz/2019/v2i330070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajriz/2019/v2i330070","url":null,"abstract":"Five different edible insects from Kaduna, Kebbi, Niger, Sokoto and Zamfara States of North-Western Nigeria, namely; Red Locust (Nomadacris setemfasciata), Desert Locust (Schistocerca gregaria), Variegated Grasshopper (Zonocerus wariegatus), Termite (Macrotermes bellicosus) and Brown Cricket (Gryllotapha Africana), were collected alongside with meats from camel (Camellus dromedaries), Cow (Bos indicus), Ram (Ovis aries), Chicken (Gallus gallus), and Fish (Clariaslazera). The insects were oven dried separately at 60ºC for 3-5hrs while the meats were dried at 60ºC for 48hrs. The dried contents of both the insects and the meats were ground separately and each was subjected to proximate analysis. The results indicated the nutrient to have Carbohydrates ranging between 0.7 g - 12.1 g in the insects and 0.4 g-10.2 g in the meats, Proteins ranging from 12.6 g - 57.3 g in the insects and 18.1 g – 70.4 g in the meats, Fats, Fibre, Ash and Moisture having ranges between 5 g - 17.9 g, 5 g - 20 g, 4g -10 g, 11.5 g - 53.6 g, respectively in insects and 18.4 g - 70.4 g Fats, 5 g Fibre, 2.4 g - 10.4 g Ash and 13.4 g – 59 g moisture in the meats. Equally, the minerals showed varied in both the insects and the meats. Statistical comparison of the means of the results showed that the Carbohydrates, the Protein and the Fibre do not differ (P˂0.0) significantly in both the insects and the meats. Similarly Copper, Iron, Sodium, Calcium, Magnesium and Potassium do not differ significantly in the two groups. This suggested that insects as diet when taken in required amount can meet the protein requirement of the human body and can therefore supplement animal meats in our diets.","PeriodicalId":355136,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Zoology","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126955950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Efficacy of Varied Concentrations Imidacloprid in the Laboratory Management of Termites (Microtermes natalensis)","authors":"R. Godfrey, Ndong’a Millicent, F. Wanjala","doi":"10.9734/ajriz/2019/v2i330069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajriz/2019/v2i330069","url":null,"abstract":"Imidacloprid is a termiticide that is slow-acting timber and soil applied but can be transferred in termite workers. The objective of this study was to determine efficacy of imidacloprid to control of termites on sand. Termiticides were tested at Imidacloprid 200 g/L concentrations (2 mL/L, 4 mL/L, 6 mL/L and 8 m/L) were tested. Descriptive analysis presented the mean weight loss for wood blocks under treated sand as follows E. grandis 0.003 (Std: 0.02) and G. robusta 0.013 (Std: 0.04) whereby only woodblocks under treated sand with 2 mL/L were attacked, while the mean weight loss for untreated woods under untreated sand were as follows E. grandis was  0.1 (std: 0.06) and G. robusta was 0.216 (std: 0.147). However, termites attacked all untreated wood blocks regardless of wood species. It was concluded that Imidacloprid at concentration of 4 mL/L serves as the best concentration threshold required in the control of  termites on sand in the management of termites. It was recommended that soil is effective mode of applying imidacloprid termiticide integratedly given that the right concentration levels are utilized.","PeriodicalId":355136,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Zoology","volume":"38 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132655427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biochemical and Histological Study on the Effects of Curcumin and/or Yellow Bean on Rats Drinking Ethanol Alcohol","authors":"K. El-bakry, M. Basuni","doi":"10.9734/ajriz/2019/v2i330068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajriz/2019/v2i330068","url":null,"abstract":"The therapeutic effects of curcumin and/or dimethyl dimethoxy biphenyl dicarboxylate on rats drinking alcohol were evaluated in the present study. Albino Wister rats drinking 20% ethanol in drinking water were treated with curcumin (100 mg/kg body weight) and /or DDB (50 mg/ kg body weight) mixed in diet for 8 weeks. ALT and AST enzymes were significantly reduced in rat drinking alcohol and treated with DDB or Diferuloylmethane compared with rats drinking alcohol (p<0.05). On the other hand, in case of mixed treatment with curcumin and DDB, AST enzyme was elevated significantly compared with rat drinking alcohol(P<0.05). GGT enzyme was reduced after treatment of alcohol drinking rats with curcumin or DDB in comparing with alcohol drinking rats. MDA concentration in liver homogenate significantly reduced in rats drinking alcohol and treated with DDB compared with rats drinking alcohol (p<0.05). However, serum MDA showed a significant reduction in rats drinking alcohol and treated with curcumin compared with rats drinking alcohol (P<0.05). Histopathological studies revealed liver tissue damage after alcohol administration, however an improvement in liver tissue after treatment with curcumin and DDB. In conclusion, curcumin and DDB can influence and improve the impaired antioxidant defense mechanisms resulted from ethanol and combined treatment with curcumin and DDB has no effects.","PeriodicalId":355136,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Zoology","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128339228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Survey of Insect Vectors in Some Selected Dumpsites in Gombe Metropolis, Nigeria, Western Africa","authors":"E. Abba, M. Amina, Y. Lamogo, A. Rejoice, A. Jemimah, K. P. Yoriyo","doi":"10.9734/ajriz/2019/v2i330067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajriz/2019/v2i330067","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: This study was conducted to determine the insect vectors living in refuse dumps at Gombe Metropolis in Gombe State of Nigeria. \u0000Study Design: The metropolis were divided into four longitudinal zones, and in each zone three dumpsites were randomly selected. Visual observations were used to estimate the composition of the refuse dumps. \u0000Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in Gombe metropolis of Gombe state between the months of May and August, 2018.  \u0000Methodology: Sweep nets, sticky traps, water traps and handpicking were used to collect different vector species. Specimen collected were preserved and transported to the laboratory for identification. Standard Identification keys were used for the identification of the vectors.   \u0000Results: The compositions of the refuse dumps varied from vegetable matter and animal remains to assorted materials including used tyres, electronic parts, cartons, faecal matter, broken bottles, polythene bags. A total of 464 insect vectors belonging to 9 species were collected. Musca domestica 282(60.8%) was the dominant species, followed by Anopheles spp 55(11.9%) and Aedes species 44(9.4%). Periplaneta americana accounts 37(8.0%) of the collections. \u0000Conclusion: The thriving population of these vector species and the abundance of putrefying refuse dumps are risk factors of the endemic diseases transmitted by such vectors in the city. The present work therefore recommends the proper disposal of refuses to avert an epidemic status.","PeriodicalId":355136,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Zoology","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125636198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Survey of Fresh Water Snails in Vandeikya Local Government Area, Benue State Nigeria","authors":"T. S. Atsuwe, J. Chikwendu, V. Obisike","doi":"10.9734/AJRIZ/2019/V2I330066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/AJRIZ/2019/V2I330066","url":null,"abstract":"A survey was carried out in Vandeikya Local Government Area of Benue State, Nigeria from April-July 2017 to determine availability of freshwater snails of and their preferred habitats. A total of 289 fresh water snails of four different genera were collected across 27 streams in the 7 districts in Vandeikya LGA. Water pH, water temperature and water velocity were also measured. Lenistislibycuswas found to be the most abundant freshwater snail species accounting for 40.83% of the total freshwater snails. Melanoidestuberculata was the second most abundant accounting for 29.411% of the total snails population sampled, Biomphalaria pfeifferi accounted for 17.99% while Bulinus globosus was significantly lower in abundance than the other snails, accounting for only 11.77%. By location, Mbaduku district had highest abundance of snails 84 (29.1%). The effect of the nature of the substratum on the availability of freshwater snails revealed that habitats with rocky substratum favoured the presence of snails accounting for 181(62.7%) freshwater snail collected.Our understanding of factors affecting the availability and abundance of freshwater snails in nature can prove useful in snail control which is integral for the control of the diseases for which they serve as intermediate host.","PeriodicalId":355136,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Zoology","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131027208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and Intensity of Urinary Schistosomiasis among Residence: A Case Study in River Benue, Adamawa State, North Eastern Nigeria","authors":"R. S. Naphtali, J. S. Ngwamah","doi":"10.9734/ajriz/2019/v2i230065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajriz/2019/v2i230065","url":null,"abstract":"Background: In Nigeria, an infection caused by Schistosoma haematobium has been known to be endemic especially among residents along Rivers, and it is responsible for considerable public health problems. \u0000Aims: This study aimed at assessing the prevalence and intensity of infection among the vulnerable communities. \u0000Study Design: A cross-sectional study involving 1,404 participants within age bracket 5-55 years old and above, in ten communities across five Local Government Areas along River Benue in Adamawa State, was conducted. Urine samples were collected from randomly selected study subjects and were examined using centrifugation and sedimentation techniques. The intensity of infection was ascertained as eggs/10mls of urine and values expressed as Mean ± SD. Data on demography were obtained by structured questionnaires. The simple percentage was used and Chi-square as well to ascertain the associations between prevalence and other parameters. P<0.05 was considered as significant. \u0000Results and Discussion: The overall prevalence and intensity of infection were 23.2% and 513±0.05 eggs/10 ml of urine respectively. Kabawa had the highest infection rate and intensity with 12.4% and 80±0.02 respectively. The lowest was recorded in Kangle (12.3% and 24±0.82 eggs/10 ml), with a significant association between parasite intensity and community (p<0.05). Gender-related prevalence and intensity revealed that males (25.5% and 289±4.66 eggs/10 ml) were more affected than the females (20.8% and 206±4.49 eggs/10 ml). Participants within age bracket 5-14 years old had the highest prevalence (36.6%) and intensity (142±0.005 eggs/10 ml), while the lowest was recorded among age group 45-54 years old with 9.0% and 42±0.040 eggs/10 ml. Prevalence and intensity of infection was highest among Subjects fetching water from River/Streams (31.8%, 46±0.080 egg/10 ml of urine), whereas the least were observed among borehole fetchers (13.8% and 241±0.302 egg/10 ml of urine). Occupational related prevalence and intensity were highest among Fishers with 35.0% and 188±0.012 egg/10 ml of urine. Chemotherapy and Health Education should be advocated across the study area. \u0000Conclusion: This study has established that Schistosoma haematobium infection is prevalent among the residents living along the River Benue in Adamawa State, Nigeria. Although infection was more among the males than the females, there was no significant difference, but there were significant differences in prevalence and intensity with age, the source of drinking water, and occupation.","PeriodicalId":355136,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Zoology","volume":"146 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123327975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Abundance and Diversity of Birds in the Ogbese Forest Reserve, Ekiti State, Nigeria","authors":"O. Ogunyemi","doi":"10.9734/ajriz/2019/v2i230063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajriz/2019/v2i230063","url":null,"abstract":"A study was carried out to evaluate the species composition and relative abundance of bird species of the natural and plantation forest of Ogbese Forest Rserve, Ekiti State. The study was conducted from April, 2010 to February, 2011 covering both wet and dry seasons. Sample sites were stratified based on the vegetation types and transect count techniques was employed for the evaluation. A total of 52 bird species consisting of 47 resident and 5 immigrant species was recorded. The species composition of birds during the wet and dry seasons was not significantly different. The natural forest vegetation had the highest species diversity and evenness. The relative abundance score of species during the Wet and dry seasons was variable in both habitats. The result of this study has shown that the natural and plantation vegetation types of Ogbese Forest Reserve, Ekiti State. The heterogeneity of flora species in the natural forest compared to the plantation forest might be responsible for the variation. The management of birds in the reserve should take cognisance of the vegetation types for effective conservation of bird species which are resident in the reserve.","PeriodicalId":355136,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Zoology","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130748858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}