Asian Journal of Research in Zoology最新文献

{"title":"Structure of Benthic Macroinvertebrate Assemblages in Azagny Channel (Côte d’Ivoire)","authors":"Y. Konan, Bakary Y. Coulibaly, T. M. Kamelan, Touplé Sibiri Koné, R. N. Lozo, R. N. Etilé, Essecthi Paul Kouamelan","doi":"10.9734/ajriz/2021/v4i430124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajriz/2021/v4i430124","url":null,"abstract":"The Azagny Channel is an estuarine ecosystem connecting Ebrié Lagoon to Bandama River estuary and it is adjacent to Azagny National Park. The aim of this study was to provide the first data on diversity and structure of macroinvertebrates in this estuarine area. Physicochemical parameters were measured monthly in three sampling stations S1, S2 and S3, and the benthic Macroinvertebrates was collected using a Van Veen grab. A total of 28 taxa distributed among 20 families and 11 orders belonging to Annelida, Mollusca, Crustacean and Insecta were collected. The taxonomic richness and diversity were higher in S1 compared to S2 and S3, probably due to its proximity to Bandama estuary. The relative abundance revealed that mollusks represented mainly by Pachymelania aurita (16.04%), P. fusca (15.83%), Anodonta anatina (13.02%) dominated the species assemblage; followed by crustaceans with Macrobrachium vollenhovenii (31.87%) and Potamon sp. (5.01%). Canonical correspondence analysis revealed that the main factors that influenced macroinvertebrates distribution in Azagny Channel were conductivity, salinity and Total Dissolved Solids (TDS). There is a strong correlation between these three abiotic factors and their influence on species assemblage would be linked to proximity of study area to Atlantic Ocean. These findings provide valuable information that can be used to establish biotic indices to monitor the water quality of Azagny Channel.","PeriodicalId":355136,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Zoology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128469872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of Heavy Metal Concentration in Two Bony Fish (Catfish and Tilapia) from Orashi River in Rivers State, Nigeria","authors":"N. E. Okwodu, P. Okorie, B. Nwoke","doi":"10.9734/ajriz/2021/v4i430122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajriz/2021/v4i430122","url":null,"abstract":"The research was intended to study the influence of human and industrial activities on the Orashi River and two bony fish (Clarias gariepinus and Tilapia nilotica). Three groups are observed to have impacted the environment – Oil/gas industries, tyre burning from abattoir, untreated human and animal waste from settlers and the abattoir.  The study was carried out from September 2019 to August 2020. The mean concentrations of the parameters studied in some samples were close to or exceeded World Health Organization (WHO) and Federal Ministry of Environment (FMEnv) recommended limits for drinking water and seafood. The results from this study have provided information on the heavy metals profile on the fish of the river.  The level of heavy metals in the muscle of Catfish and Tilapia showed a range of Cadmium in Catfish (1-3.9mg/kg and Tilapia (0.1-4.2mg/kg) with the highest level occurring in station 2 (3.47mg/kg for Catfish and 3.39mg/kg for Tilapia) which is high with regard to FAO 19835, FAO/WHO 10896, EEC 20054 permissible limit of 0.01mg/l and USEPA SQG (1mg/kg) level in seafood. The levels of essential heavy metals in fish muscle were Copper (Catfish-10.9-33mg/kg, Tilapia -17.3-40.6mg/kg), Iron (Catfish-1.0-2.5mg/kg, Tilapia -0.1-5.6mg/kg) were within the FAO 1983 permissible limit while Zinc (Catfish-22-213.2mg/kg) and Tilapia (30.1-196mg/kg) exceeds the limit in some stations. Catfish muscles recorded higher mean value (127.12mg/kg) for all heavy metals than tilapia (44.03mg/kg) and the sequence is Copper > Zinc > Iron > Cadmium. The concentration of heavy metals in Orashi River is in the sequence: Sediment > Catfish > Tilapia >Water. The Total Heavy metal concentration in muscle of Catfish (0.5-1.8mg/kg) and Tilapia (0.1-3.8mg/kg) were within permissible limit.","PeriodicalId":355136,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Zoology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122684769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Microbiological Quality Associated with Ready- to- Eat Bush Meat Sold at Rumuokoro Market in Rivers State","authors":"I. Ikeh, B. C. Anele, U. A. Ogbodo","doi":"10.9734/ajriz/2021/v4i430121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajriz/2021/v4i430121","url":null,"abstract":"The study was carried out to investigate the Microbiological quality of microorganisms associated with ready-to-eat bush meat sold at Rumuokoro market in Rivers state. Totally 24 samples were collected and analyzed using different media such as Nutrient agar for Total aerobic plate count (TAPC), MacConkey agar for the coliform count, Eosin methylene blue for Escherichia coli (EC), and Potato Dextrose Agar for Fungal count (FC) and ten (10) fold serial dilution was used. Staphylococcus spp, Pseudomonas spp, Bacillus spp, and Escherichia coli were isolated. The total aerobic plate count (TAPC), E. coli count (EC)-Coliform count (CC), and Fungal count (FC) isolated from antelope were higher when compared to grass-cutter so there was a significant difference (P <0.005). The occurrence of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from antelope (26.9%) was higher when compared to grass- cutter (25.0%). However the occurrence of Pseudomonas spp and Bacillus spp isolated from Antelope (23.1% and 30.8%) were higher when compared to grass- cutter (12.5% and 18.5%) while the occurrence of the above organisms isolated on both Antelope is significantly difference (P<0.005) from grass cutter. But the occurrence of Aspergillus spp and Penicillium spp were higher in grass cutter sample (57.1%) and (42.9%) compared to antelope (55.6%) and (44.4%) respectively, although the mean difference was statistically significant (P<0.005) so there was significant difference. It is hereby recommended that most handlers should always wash hands before and after handling the meat as improper hand washing is the number one cause of food borne illness. Consumers of such meat should learn food hygiene practices such as, soaking the meat in warm salt solution, proper washing and well cooked before consumption.","PeriodicalId":355136,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Zoology","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114992400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the Efficacy of Some Plant Oil Extracts in the Management of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst)","authors":"P. O. Ukatu, L. J. Agah, E. D. Elemi, M. Agenyi, M. Agim, V. Ebu","doi":"10.9734/ajriz/2021/v4i430119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajriz/2021/v4i430119","url":null,"abstract":"Four-way olfactometer was used to evaluate Laboratory repellency activities of Azadirachta indica, Jatropha curcas and Dennitia tripetala oil extracts on Tribolium castaneum at 10µl of each oil. Each arm of the olfactometer served as treatment arm with the 3 arms accommodating the 3 test substances, respectively and the 4th arm as control. Various concentrations (1, 2 and 3% V/V) of the essential oils were evaluated for fumigant and contact toxicity against T. castaneum at 8, 16 and 24 hours durations. The results obtained showed that T. castaneum spent significantly (p<0.05) more time (min) in the control arm than the 3 arms accommodating the essential oils. Similarly, significantly (p<0.05) more number of entries were made by the insect into the control arm compared with the test arms. The application of the essential oils significantly (p<0.05) caused higher mortality at 8, 16 and 24hrs than the control for both fumigant and contact tests. The mortality of the T. castaneum increased with increase in the concentration of the essential oils. The 3% concentrations of the oil extracts significantly caused the highest mortality, 67.23±8.72, 69.22± 18.74 and 79.55±9.29% by A. indica, D. tripetala and J. curcas, respectively after 24 hours application in fumigant test. The result also indicated that the contact application of A. indica, D. tripetala and J. curcas at 3% concentrations resulted in 63.07±6.55, 70.10±2.51 and 67.4±4.06% mortality of T. castaneum, respectively. The results suggest that the oil extracts from A. indica, J. curcas and D. tripetala can be used for effective management of T. castaneum infesting stored products.","PeriodicalId":355136,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Zoology","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117027628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Studies of Growth Performance of Rabbits (Ornyctolagus cunniculus) Fed on Rabbit Feeds and Diverse Foodstuff in Captivity","authors":"N. Udeh, J. Okeke, O. Okeke, C. Obudulu, K. P. Okafor","doi":"10.9734/ajriz/2021/v4i330115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajriz/2021/v4i330115","url":null,"abstract":"The study was carried out to ascertain ways to increase protein for the teeming population of Nigerians. The specific objectives were to determine the growth performance of rabbits fed on rabbit feed and combination of agricultural by-product with forages and compare their feed utilization. It investigated the growth performances of rabbits; (Orynctolagus cuniculus) fed diverse ration (types A and B) in captivity for 12 weeks. A total of eighteen (18) weaner rabbits with an average initial weight of 350g – 370g and between 5 and 6 weeks old, were allotted into two treatments. Each treatment had three rabbits and three replicate in a completely randomized design. Rabbits in treatment one (A) were fed rabbit feed while the treatment two (B) were fed forage and diverse foodstuffs. Proximate analysis of these food ration types A and B showed that the ration type B was high in crude protein (23.88%), carbohydrate (53.29%) and fat (8.60%) and ration type A had the lowest crude protein (20.76%), carbohydrate, (52.49%) and fat (3.15%). Studies on the indices of ration utilization and growth performances showed that feed intake was highest in rabbit fed ration type A (94.28g) and lowest in ration B (90.98g). The diverse ration types although portrayed good weight gain, the highest was in rabbit fed ration type B (760.00g) and lowest in ration A (681.00g) and ration type B was significantly (p<0.05) different from ration A. The percentage weight gain and specific growth rate were highest in ration type B (210.50%), (4.097) and lowest in ration A (189.10%), (3.841). The best food conversion ratio was recorded for the rabbit fed ration type B (10.07g) and least in ration A (11.64g) and ration type A was significantly (p<0.05) different from ration B. Digestibility was highest in rabbit fed Ration A (93.33g) and lowest in ration B (92.67g) and were significantly different (p<0.05) from each other. The protein intake of ration B (21.73) was higher than those of ration A (19.57). The result also showed that the protein efficiency ratio of ration type A and B was not significantly different (p>0.05) from each other. Looking at the proximate composition of the diverse rations and indices of ration utilization, ration type B portrayed optimal nutrient content for rabbit growth.","PeriodicalId":355136,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Zoology","volume":"18 7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124002871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Philately’s Implications in Ecological Education via Romanian Thematic Joint Issues (VI) - Regarding the 4th Collaboration with WWF","authors":"B. Cioruța, Alexandru Pop","doi":"10.9734/ajriz/2021/v4i130104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajriz/2021/v4i130104","url":null,"abstract":"The last philatelic issue made by the Romanian postal administration in collaboration with WWF, published at the end of 2006, is the main subject of this study. As we have become accustomed to, WWF's interests in conserving endangered species are becoming better defined. This time the emphasis is on protecting birds, and among these, we are talking about the Eurasian spoonbill. The species itself is representative of the habitat of the Danube Delta, where it was also immortalized, and where the inspiration for the layout of the philatelic pieces came from. Moreover, through the rich philatelic material identified, analyzed, and presented, one can discuss the other philatelic effects. All these, through the beauty of the exhibition and the contribution brought among the collectors, philatelists, and implicitly of those who love nature, make the issue a successful one. The purpose of this study is to complete, by presenting the philatelic issue from 2006, the series of Romanian philatelic issues dedicated to the protection of various species. In this regard, besides the well-defined role in promoting protected species, was also discussed a little about the role of philately in educating the young generation, informing tourists, as well as in documenting habitat conservation policies and strategies.","PeriodicalId":355136,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Zoology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128280399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Philately’s Implications in Ecological Education via Romanian Thematic Joint Issues (V) - Regarding the 3rd Colaboration with WWF","authors":"B. Cioruța, M. Coman, Alexandru Pop","doi":"10.9734/AJRIZ/2021/V4I130103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/AJRIZ/2021/V4I130103","url":null,"abstract":"The collaboration of the Romanian postal administration with the World Wildlife Fund (WWF), and its purely philatelic interpretations, was limited to the introduction in the postal circulation, starting with 1977, of philatelic issues aiming at the protection of various endangered species. Thus, in addition to the issues that appeared in 1977 and 1984, towards the end of 1994, a third philatelic issue appeared. This, entitled \"World Wide Fund for Nature\", illustrates various species of fish, most of which are also found in aquatic ecosystems in Romania. In this context, the purpose of this paper is to make known to the public and to widely promote the term of protection and sustainable management of habitats and those endangered species, as an alarm signal of their condition. The results of the research undertaken emphasize once again the mass character of thematic philately and the fundamental role - as an ambassador of the promotion of knowledge - that it has had over time, and still has. Regarding the philatelic issues studied, in terms of the rich material reproduced (postage stamps, blocks and other forms of pagination, first day covers - FDCs, illustrated and maximum postcards, occasional envelopes, and postal circulation), it can be stated that it highlights another concern of the WWF (conservation of fish species), from the perspective of promoting natural capital.","PeriodicalId":355136,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Zoology","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114581262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Atrophy and Muscular Fibrosis of Unknown Etiology during the Raising of Xiphophorus maculattus on an Ornamental Fish Farm","authors":"L. Romano, A. F. F. D. Medeiros, V. F. Pedrosa","doi":"10.9734/ajriz/2020/v3i430101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajriz/2020/v3i430101","url":null,"abstract":"During the last two decades, the implementation of histochemical, immunohistochemical, electron microscopy, and recently developed molecular techniques has greatly contributed to our knowledge of skeletal muscle, both normal and sick. This article reports the presence of muscular atrophy and fibrosis in Xiphophorus maculatus from an ornamental fish farm. We do not know the origin of this muscular pathology and the purpose of this work is to summarize some of the findings with optical microscopy and electron microscopy shared by all. Although we cannot establish the etiology of this atrophy, we will try to correlate the ultrastructural alterations with the muscular histopathology. Muscular atrophy is a pathology characterized by loss of normal muscle mass. It is caused by a decrease in the total number of muscle cells or by a substantial reduction in the substance of individual muscle cells. It is likely that the cases reported here represent a pathology involving causes concurrent with nutritional problems and disorders of muscle innervation. Therefore, future studies should investigate further about the potential of neurodegenerative disorders. Several experimental models can use muscular atrophy and are suitable for investigations of the underlying mechanisms of this pathology.","PeriodicalId":355136,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Zoology","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116904230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Foetal Wastage at the Oja-tuntun Slaughterhouse in Ogbomoso Town, South Western Nigeria: A Three Year Retrospective Study","authors":"Caesar E. Anyaku, E. Ajagun, Abisola O. Oshagbemi","doi":"10.9734/ajriz/2019/v2i430074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajriz/2019/v2i430074","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: This survey was carried out to determine the prevalence of foetal wastage amongst cattle and goat; and its associated economic loss. \u0000Study Design: A retrospective survey was carried out using the abattoir records of Owode Veterinary Hospital, Ogbomoso, were relevant data relating to foetal wastage was retrieved. \u0000Place and Duration: The study was conducted in Ogbomoso, Oyo State, South-Western Nigeria from January 2014 to December 2016. \u0000Methodology: A three year retrospective survey (January 2014 to December 2016) based on the Veterinary Hospital records were used to determine the extent of foetal wastage as well as associated economic loss.  \u0000Results: A total of 11,903 cattle comprising 8,482 (71.3%) males and 3,421 (28.7%) females; 1,269 goats comprising of 791 (62.3%) males and 78 (37.7%) females were slaughtered over the study period. A total of 244 foetuses (cows) and 55 foetuses (does) were recovered during the period of study with a calculated prevalence rate of 7.1 and 11.5% respectively. Analysis of the economic loss over the study period was estimated at approximately N25,254,000 ($69,762) and N440,000 ($1,215) for cattle and goats respectively. With a calculated average annual loss of N8,418,000 to foetal wastage which is too huge for any developing country. \u0000Conclusion: Reoccurring slaughter of gravid females and its resultant high foetal wastage must be discouraged; so as to meet demand for meat and meat-related products as well as boost the nation’s economy. Hence the need for all hands to be on deck to develop as well as implement local strategies aimed at reducing future economic losses.","PeriodicalId":355136,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Zoology","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126485692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Intestinal Parasitic Helminths from the Fingernails of Primary School Pupils in Makurdi Benue State","authors":"Zakki Yula Hosea, Kator Liamngee, Oga Ohekpe Philomena","doi":"10.9734/ajriz/2019/v2i430075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajriz/2019/v2i430075","url":null,"abstract":"Intestinal helminth infections are widely distributed throughout the world and children are the most affected population. The present study was carried out to assess the prevalence of intestinal helminths in children of primary schools in Makurdi, Benue State. Sterile cotton balls soaked in 10% formol saline were used to swab the underneath of the fingernails to collect 200 nail dirt samples from the school pupils of different ages and gender. The parasites were isolated from the dirt of both gender and prevalence was recorded. The direct mount method was used in the identification of parasites. The prevalence of parasites was presented as descriptive statistics, while the relationship between several variables (such as age and gender) and the presence of parasites were determined by Chi-square test. The level of significance used was P<0.05. The highest prevalence was observed for Ascaris lumbricoides (35%) whereas the lowest prevalence was found for Strongyloides stercoralis (15%). The other parasite found was Ancylostoma duodenale (30%). Overall prevalence was found to be 10%. The prevalence of intestinal parasitic helminths was found to be higher in males with 13.19% than in females with 7.34%. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of the infection among gender. The distribution of intestinal parasitic helminths among the selected primary schools indicated that there was no significant difference in the occurrence of the helminths between the schools. The occurrence of fingernail parasites among children in primary schools can cause chronic infections which can negatively affect all aspects of children’s health.","PeriodicalId":355136,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Zoology","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127487774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}