Asian Journal of Research in Zoology最新文献

{"title":"Artificial Spawning Techniques for Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) at the Cultivated Fisheries Production Business Service Center, Karawang, Indonesia","authors":"Yuli Andriani, R. Pratama, I. Zidni","doi":"10.9734/ajriz/2023/v6i4131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajriz/2023/v6i4131","url":null,"abstract":"One of the primary challenges in the catfish cultivation industry is the uncertainty (mostly due to weather conditions, natural feed availability, pests and diseases), limited availability, and often poor quality of catfish frys. Fry quality is crucial in aquaculture, yet its reliability is hampered by the natural spawning process, which is influenced by seasonal variations. To address this issue, artificial spawning techniques offer a viable solution. This activity aims to comprehend and effectively execute the precise methods of artificial spawning for catfish, ultimately striving for the production of high-quality fingerlings. Data collection involved the acquirement of both primary and secondary data. The artificial spawning process encompasses container and medium preparation, meticulous broodstock selection and breeding, the artificial spawning procedure, larval rearing, and nursery management. Results from the artificial spawning efforts revealed a fecundity of 75,000 individuals, a remarkable 90% fertilization rate, an 89% hatching success, and an impressive 90% survival rate. Notably, catfish fingerlings were found to harbor parasites such as Gyrodactylus sp., Trichodina sp., and Dactylogyrus sp. This occurrence can be attributed to the high population density of fish, which contributes to a decline in water quality, emphasizing the importance of cautious management practices in aquaculture.","PeriodicalId":355136,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Zoology","volume":" 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139197358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Mangrove Deforestation on Fiddler Crab Distribution and Soil Physico-chemistry at Eagle Island, Rivers State","authors":"Ibiene W. Dick-Abbey, Aroloye O. Numbere, Peace K. Ohia","doi":"10.9734/ajriz/2023/v6i4130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajriz/2023/v6i4130","url":null,"abstract":"Mangrove forest in the Niger Delta and its associated biotic and abiotic has been greatly impacted by several factors, some natural and others anthropogenic in nature.  Anthropogenic activities have negatively affected the organisms that inhabit the forest resulting in the decrease in size of population of fiddler crabs (Uca tangeri). To investigate the influence of anthropogenic activities on the mangrove habitat, burrow distribution and population of fiddler crabs and soil physico-chemistry were determined in forested and deforested sites. Burrows and number of crabs outside burrows were counted while samples of soil were retrieved and moved to the laboratory for the determination of cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), total hydrocarbon content (THC) and Zinc (Zn) using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The conclusions show a lack of significant difference in burrow distribution between forested and deforested areas (P>0.05). Contrastingly there is significance in the difference in crab population in forested and deforested sites. (P<0.05), which showed that there were more crabs in deforested areas than forested areas. There was also a significant difference in chemical and microbial population (P<0.05).  There was higher THC in deforested areas, which was probably impacted by the heavy-duty vehicles used to cut down the trees. The result implies that human activities of deforestation and pollution influence crab population and soil physicochemistry in mangrove forest.","PeriodicalId":355136,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Zoology","volume":"173 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139249214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Formaldehyde: From Interstellar Space to the Pathology Laboratory","authors":"L. A. Romano, V. F. Pedrosa, L. B. Giesta","doi":"10.9734/ajriz/2023/v6i4129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajriz/2023/v6i4129","url":null,"abstract":"The “Type of Article” of this paper is “Letter to the Editor”. This paper discuses about: “Formaldehyde: From Interstellar Space to the Pathology Laboratory”. No formal abstract is available. Readers are requested to read the full article.","PeriodicalId":355136,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Zoology","volume":"139 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139254723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Abundance and Diversity of Leaf Litter and Subsoil Arthropods in Four Different Sites of Three Agroecological Zones of Northwest Part of Bangladesh","authors":"Shah H. A. Mahdi, Asia Sarker, Md. Nasir Uddin, I. Mahfuz, Md. Abdur Rahim","doi":"10.9734/ajriz/2023/v6i4128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajriz/2023/v6i4128","url":null,"abstract":"Leaf litter and subsoil arthropods are biotic factors of an ecosystem that play a significant role in nutrient cycling between soil and vegetation. The present study aimed to explore the abundance and diversity of leaf litter and subsoil arthropods in four different sites of three agroecological zones of the Northwest part of Bangladesh. A total of 1920 individuals belonging to 17 orders, 28 families and 34 species were found in the present study where 1099 individuals (14 orders, 23 families, 28 species) from Rajshahi University Campus (Site A), 259 individuals (6 orders, 7 families, 8 species) from Rajshahi Fruit Research Center (Site B), 354 individuals (7orders, 13 families, 13 species) from Kakon Hat Municipality (Site C) and 208 individuals (5 orders, 10 families, 10 species) from Chalan Beel (Site D) were collected during the period from November 2021 to October 2022. In this study, within the three agroecological zones, the highest number of individuals was recorded in Site A (n=1099, 57.24%) and the lowest number in Site D (n=208, 10.83%). Among 17 orders Coleoptera (624, 32.50%) was the first dominant order, Hymenoptera (414, 21.56%) was the second largest order, followed by Araneae (202, 10.52%) and the least dominant order was Metastigmata (8, 0.42%). Formicidae was the most dominant family among collected 28 families, sharing 376 individuals of the total captured individuals and Staphylinidae, sharing 198 individuals, was the second largest family, whereas Tenebrionidae (n=8), Psychodidae (n=8), and Laelapidae (n=8) were the minor dominant families in this study. Among the total of 34 species, Lasioderma sp. was the most dominant species, sharing 189 individuals with 9.84% of the total collected individuals whereas Alphitobius sp., Psychoda sp., and Hypoaspis sp. were least dominant species, and each species of these three comprised of only 8 members. In this study, 15 species were very common, 5 were common, 7 were fairly common, and 7 were rare. The values of Shannon diversity index (H'), Simpson’s diversity index (I-D), Margalef diversity index (DMg), Menhinick Richness index (DMn), Berger Parker dominance index (d) and Pielou’s evenness index (J') were 3.22, 0.95, 4.37, 0.78, 0.10, respectively. The study was the first attempt to examine the abundance and diversity of leaf litter and subsoil arthropods in four different sites of three agroecological zones in the northwest part of Bangladesh. Further study may be necessary for molecular identification of these species.","PeriodicalId":355136,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Zoology","volume":"36 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139273169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diversity, Abundance, and Distribution of Anurans in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan","authors":"Abdul Majid, Soneela Azim, Kamran Nawaz, S. Din","doi":"10.9734/ajriz/2023/v6i4122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajriz/2023/v6i4122","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: This paper presents a comprehensive study of the Anuran fauna of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, which was conducted across nine districts.  After the collection and identification of specimens from the study area, their diversity, relative abundance (RA), and distribution (C) were evaluated to understand their distribution patterns within Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. \u0000Place and Duration of Study: Anurans were collected from the districts of Peshawar, Dir, Bannu, Buner, Charsadda, Chitral, Karak, Lakki Marwat, and Haripur of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa from July to September 2021 and from April to June 2022. \u0000Study Design: Visual encounter surveys were conducted during different seasons, encompassing both daytime and nighttime observations near various water bodies such as water channels, small pools, and microhabitats suitable for the anurans. Emphasis was placed on the collection of specimens from diverse habitats. The collected specimens underwent thorough morphological and morphometric analyses to accurately identify the species. \u0000Methodology: In total, 190 specimens were collected and transported to the laboratory for identification. The collected specimens were euthanized, carefully arranged, and preserved in glass jars filled with a 10% formalin solution. Accurate species identification was achieved through the utilization of authentic literature, updated taxonomic keys, and observation and measurement of morphological and morphometric parameters. \u0000Results: The specimens that were examined and identified belonged to two families, Bufonidae and Dicroglossidae, and five genera. Two genera were observed in the Bufonidae family, Duttaphrynus and Bufotes. The Dicroglossidae family comprised three genera: Hoplobatrachus, Euphlyctis, and Allopaa. In the current study, seven different species were identified: Duttaphrynus stomaticus, Duttaphrynus melanostictus, Bufotes surdus from the Bufonidae family, and Hoplobatrachus tigerinus, Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis, Euphlyctis kalasgramensis, and Allopaa hazarensis from the Dicroglossidae family. Duttaphrynus stomaticus was the most abundant species found at all the study sites (C=88.8% and RA=44.2%), whereas Euphlyctis kalasgramensis and Allopaa hazarensis were sporadic (C=11.1% and RA=0.52%), and (C=11.1% and RA=2.10%), respectively. Furthermore, this research unveils the first-ever report of Euphlyctis kalasgramensis within Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, specifically in the Peshawar District, while Allopaa hazarensis was solely reported in the Dir district. \u0000Conclusion: The study found that Duttaphrynus stomaticus exhibited a vast distribution across all nine districts surveyed.  Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, being an ecologically diverse area, holds diverse anuran fauna. Taxonomic revision of the anuran fauna using both classical and molecular approaches may yield several new taxa. This will further help in the study of biology and conservation as well as the ecological role of anurans. The current taxonomic work may require improvement","PeriodicalId":355136,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Zoology","volume":"459 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125833653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Growth and Reproduction Rate of Eisenia fetida, using Lagerstroemia speciosa and Waste Disposable Face Masks to Test the NPK Level of the Compost","authors":"R. Keerthana, S. Pavithran, G. Ganesan, P. Sujatha","doi":"10.9734/ajriz/2023/v6i4121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajriz/2023/v6i4121","url":null,"abstract":"The main objective of the study is to estimate the NPK produced in the waste disposable of a Face Mask (FM) is decomposed with a medicinal plant Lagerstroemia speciosa (LS). The experimental design consists of 5 groups; each group contains yard soil, cow dung, and coir pith as compost bedding materials. T1 - control, T2 - KWCO, T3 - FMCO, T4 - LSCO and T5 - ESLS. The result shows that the growth rate of Eisenia fetida depends on the length and weight of worms. The reproduction rate varies depending on compost materials, with higher rates in T4 and lower rates in T1. The T5 shows a high level but is a little lower than the T4. Juvenile numbers are low in T2 and T3 trials. NPK Level: The nitrogen level 413.2±2.90** is highest in T4 and T3 is 404.3±1.78. Low in T1 336.6±2.84 trial, moderate in 376.3±3.13** T2 trial and T5 consist of 372.3±2.59**. The Phosphorus is commendably high in T5 1011.3±2.59** and T1 contains 992.3±3.06.  The moderate amount is in T4 894.3±2.22**. The lowest level of P 623±2.94** is in T2 and T3 contain 676.6±2.88**. The potassium amount is varying in each trial. T1 is the most prominent amount of Potassium, and the level of K is 1900.3±1.18. The kitchen waste T2 trial produced 1840.6±2.37** and the amount of K is in 1670.3±1.18** T4. The most important face mask blue and black colour samples is mixed with kitchen waste T3 produces 1700±3.77** and medicinal Plant T5 which produces 1569.3±2.84**. Our conclusion is that the medicinal plants had a significant effect on the growth and reproductive rate of red wrigglers, and this effect was positively correlated with the NPK level in the soil.","PeriodicalId":355136,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Zoology","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121376869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Growth Rate and Biochemical Traits of Broiler Chicks as Affected by Commercial Diet Density, Seed Supplementation of Lagerstroemia speciosa and Nigella sativa","authors":"N. Nivetha, S. Pavithran, G. Ganesan, M. Karthik, P. Sujatha","doi":"10.9734/ajriz/2023/v6i4120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajriz/2023/v6i4120","url":null,"abstract":"The present investigation aimed to investigate the effects of dietary seed supplementation on broiler chicks' ability to grow and biochemical properties that are impacted by commercial feed density and seed supplementation of Lagerstroemia speciosa. The research was carried out at the Government Arts College in Coimbatore-18, Tamil Nadu, India's Animal House, Department of Zoology, and Postgraduate and Research Department. Secondary metabolites, including steroids, terpenoids, glycosides, and phenolic compounds, are the primary bioactive substances in L. speciosa seeds, including phytochemical compounds and essential oils. The experimental groups consisted of dried seeds of L. speciosa and N. sativa added to the organic feed. The experimental animals show that the growth rate of the control group shows 41±3.21d initial weight and a 124±4bc final weight, while the growth rate of group II shows 135±4.04b. Body weight is a little higher than in the control group. Commercial feed is drastic in weight gain, and it shows 489±10.44a in group III. The experimental groups IV and V are active and healthier than the other groups, but the weight is poor in group IV 78±9.29d and 105±7.62bcd are in group V. The N. sativa seeds consist of thymoquinone, a bio-compound to reduce the body weight 78±9.29d in Group IV. Table 5 shows the haematological parameters of chicks in each group. The control group has the highest concentration of urea (10.7±0.55a), while group IV has the lowest concentration. The amount of uric acid is lowest in group IV and largest in group V. Cholesterol levels are highest in group II (green leafy vegetables) and lowest in group IV. Triglyceride levels are highest in Group V, while they are lowest in the control group. Group V has the least total protein, whereas the control group has the most. The control group has the highest albumin level, while group II has the lowest level.","PeriodicalId":355136,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Zoology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132758738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heavy Metal Assessment in Sediments of Qua Iboe River Estuary, South-South, Nigeria","authors":"Auquo Peter Asuquo, I. Akpan, N. Abiaobo, U. George","doi":"10.9734/ajriz/2023/v6i4119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajriz/2023/v6i4119","url":null,"abstract":"Heavy metal assessment in Sediments from Qua Iboe River Estuary, South-South, Nigeria was steered between January, 2022 and December, 2022 with the goal of understanding the route sources of heavy metal concentration within the system. Sediment samples were collected monthly from five stations taking cognizance of areas with high, medium and low human activities along the estuary. The samples collected were analyzed using standard protocol as recommended by APHA. Sediments mean values for wet and dry seasons observe were: Cadmium (0.20±0.04 and 0.19±0.04 mg/kg), Chromium (0.35±0.07 and 0.28±0.05 mg/kg), Copper (0.97±0.15and 10.94±0.14 mg/kg), Iron (130.79±13.69 and 115.29±10.19 mg/kg), Lead (0.56±0.06 and 0.54±0.06 mg/kg), Zinc (19.36±2.24 and 18.71±2.78 mg/kg). Heavy metal concentrations in sediments were below the DPR target / intervention limits with exception of iron without a standard. Analysis of variance and paired sample t-test revealed significant (p = 0.05) spatial variation but no seasonal variations were observed respectively. Values of trace metal recorded in the sediment throughout the study duration when compared to DPR target / intervention limit were below the threshold level as recommended. This suggest minimal anthropogenic activities during the period of studies. Nevertheless, constant monitoring of water bodies at regular interval is strongly recommended.","PeriodicalId":355136,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Zoology","volume":"39 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127460712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Freshwater Lobster (Cherax quadricarinatus) Cultivation in Cangkuang District, Bandung Regency, West Java, Indonesia: A Case Study","authors":"Y. Andriani, R. Pratama, P. W. Harlina","doi":"10.9734/ajriz/2023/v6i4118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajriz/2023/v6i4118","url":null,"abstract":"The fisheries sector presents significant economic opportunities for enhancing income and contributing to regional development. Bandung Regency, known for its abundant fishery resources, has emerged as a key player in this sector. Among the various fishery commodities, freshwater crayfish has gained popularity due to its market advantages and ease of cultivation. The development of crayfish cultivation in Bandung Regency offers an excellent opportunity for local farmers and investors, leveraging the region's abundant resources. Initially favoured as a consumable commodity, crayfish has now gained traction as an ornamental fish. Its higher profitability, shorter maintenance time, lower risks, and increased profits have contributed to its attractiveness as an ornamental fish commodity. This paper presents a case study on the development of freshwater crayfish cultivation in Cangkuang District, Bandung Regency, West Java, Indonesia, aiming to enhance the income of ornamental fish cultivators by maximizing cultivation productivity. Furthermore, Bandung Regency stands out as a promising area for aquaculture development, boasting vast public waters and a thriving fishery sector. Ornamental fish cultivation plays a significant role, with local farmers producing various species, including koi, comet goldfish, flowerhorn, and crayfish. To optimize crayfish cultivation, this study provides insights into culture techniques, including site selection, cultivation containers (such as ponds and aquariums), water quality management, feeding practices, parent selection, brood care, spawning processes, larvae rearing, and market analysis. By implementing these techniques, the cultivation of freshwater crayfish can flourish in Bandung Regency, contributing to the economic growth and income generation in the region.","PeriodicalId":355136,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Zoology","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123713902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Review on Herb Utilization in Vannamei Shrimp Cultivation","authors":"Y. Andriani, R. Pratama","doi":"10.9734/ajriz/2023/v6i4117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajriz/2023/v6i4117","url":null,"abstract":"Aquaculture activities play a crucial role in boosting fishery production. Among the various commodities, Vannamei shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) stands out as a leading choice due to its competitive pricing and the ability to conduct mass production with high stocking densities. However, shrimp farming has encountered challenges, particularly the occurrence of diseases that often lead to reduced production levels. These diseases typically arise from the shrimp's weakened condition and suboptimal rearing conditions. To address this issue, incorporating several herbal plants, such as noni fruit, ginger, and garlic, into the feed has emerged as an alternative to enhance shrimp immunity. Through an extensive literature search, optimal doses for these herbal additives were identified. Noni fruit demonstrated the best performance at a 6% dose, resulting in a feed conversion ratio (FCR) of 1.1 and a survival rate of 95%. Garlic performed well at a 5% dose, achieving an FCR of 1 and a survival rate of 98%. Similarly, ginger showed promising results at a 3% dose, with an FCR of 1.18 and a survival rate of 98%. The findings of this study emphasize that incorporating herbs into the feed can serve as a viable solution to enhance productivity in Vannamei shrimp farming.","PeriodicalId":355136,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Zoology","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130921137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}