Asian Journal of Research in Zoology最新文献

{"title":"Changes in Some Haematological Parameters of Two Breeds of Chicken Inoculated with Eimeria Oocyst","authors":"C. C. Ekezie, E. Onyido, O. M. Iwueze, C. Umeh","doi":"10.9734/ajriz/2023/v6i4116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajriz/2023/v6i4116","url":null,"abstract":"Coccidian parasites, especially those in the genus Eimeria, are intestinal parasites common in poultry. They cause coccidiosis in infected birds. The effect of the parasites on the haematology of infected chickens was studied using broilers and white-leghorns. A total of 30 day-old chicks, fifteen each from the two breeds, were procured for the experiment. They were grown to three weeks old, and confirmed to be free from any intestinal parasite, before inoculating 10 birds each, randomly selected from the two breeds, with Eimeria oocyst. The packed cell volume (PCV), thrombocyte number, leukocyte number and proportion of leukocyte types were determined from blood samples obtained from the birds within ten days after inoculation and confirmation of infection. Infected broilers (B) and white-leghorns (WL) both had packed cell volumes that were lower than the control (C) (B. 31.8±2.2, WL. 32.8±1.8, C. 34.3±2.6). However, estimates of the effect sizes suggested that coccidiosis accounted for only about 5% of the observed variance in the PCV of broilers and 2% in white-leghorns. The disease significantly affected the thrombocyte number of infected broilers only (B. 7.0±0.5, WL. 10.4±1.1, C. 10.0±0.8). A remarkable difference was found in the leukocyte numbers of infected birds (B. 13.4±2.2, WL. 21.4±3.2, C. 14.9±2.0). However, the infection increased the proportion of circulating monocytes from 1% in control to 5% in the infected birds regardless of their breed. The observation that broilers are prone to parasite induced thrombocytopaenia, supported by the wide disparity in the leukocyte numbers of the two breeds of chicken during an infection, suggest that white-leghorns are better adapted to withstand the effects of coccidiosis when compared with broilers reared under the same environmental conditions.","PeriodicalId":355136,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Zoology","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132414877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feeding Management for Vannamei Shrimp Growth (Litopenaeus vannamei) at the Brackish Water and Marine Fisheries Technical Service Unit in the Southern Region of West Java, Indonesia","authors":"Y. Andriani, R. Pratama","doi":"10.9734/ajriz/2023/v6i3115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajriz/2023/v6i3115","url":null,"abstract":"Feed management plays a crucial role in the growth of Vannamei shrimp and greatly influences aquaculture activities. The aim of this field work practice is to equip students with practical skills and knowledge in the field of Vannamei shrimp production and feed management at the brackish water and southern marine fisheries technical service unit. The descriptive method was employed, and data collection involved gathering both primary and secondary data. The results of the feed management practices conducted at the technical service unit for brackish water and marine fisheries in the Southern Region revealed that feeding was carried out four times a day, using feed sizes 0 and 1. The initial feeding dose provided was 0.4 kg for 120,000 fries, followed by an additional 100 grams of feed per day for shrimp at DOC-30 stage. The determination of feeding parameters followed the index calculation set by the technical service unit.","PeriodicalId":355136,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Zoology","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132975135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Proximate Composition and Consumption Constraints of Edible Forest Insects in Three Local Government Areas of Cross River State, Nigeria","authors":"A. O. Alobi, O. Ovat, K. E. Ovat","doi":"10.9734/ajriz/2023/v6i3114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajriz/2023/v6i3114","url":null,"abstract":"Proximate composition and consumption constraints of edible forest insects was studied within ten months. Data on protein, lipid, carbohydrate, crude fibre and moisture contents was obtained by collecting insect’s samples from forest and households in Akamkpa, Obubra and Ogoja in Cross River State and taken to the laboratory and analyzed. The data generated was subjected to different vigorous processes in the laboratory using approved methods. Data on constraints to insect’s consumption was obtained through administration of questionnaire to respondents. Results reveal that protein content (19.8%) was highest in termites and lowest in yam beetles (16.5%). The carbohydrates content (17.6%) was highest in ground cricket and lowest in oil palm grub (6.3%). Lipid content (18.6%) was highest in oil palm grub and lowest in grasshopper (15.1%). Ash and moisture contents were highest (16.8 and 18.6%) in grasshopper and termites, respectively, and lowest in yam beetles (14.1%) and grasshopper (13.4%). Fibre content (17.6%) was highest in locust and lowest in termites (13.4%). Consumption of edible insects in the study area is however constrained by seasons as indicated in the three locations where the study was carried out. Therefore, due to their high protein and lipid content, termites, ground cricket and oil palm grubs should be considered as important delicacies for man’s basic nutritional challenges and encourage food sufficiency. Different cultures and traditions should encourage their subjects to consume these delicacies for healthier society.","PeriodicalId":355136,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Zoology","volume":"102 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124723275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Species Composition and Biting Activities of Mosquitoes in a Selected Community in Anambra State, Southeast Nigeria","authors":"E. O. Ogbuefi, B. C. Umeh, C. O. Aniefuna, C. A. Chidi-Okeke, O. V. Emma-Ogbuefi, C. J. Mbanugo","doi":"10.9734/ajriz/2023/v6i3112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajriz/2023/v6i3112","url":null,"abstract":"Mosquitoes are common biting and sucking arthropods whose females bite man and animals for their blood meal which leads to itching and causes diseases. The study investigated the species composition and biting activities of mosquitoes at Ifite-Awka, Awka South Local Government Area, Anambra State, south east Nigeria. The study was carried out between November and December, 2021 and the mosquitoes were collected using the Human Landing Catch (HLC) and Pyrethrum Spray Collection Method (PSC), whereas Larval Sampling (LS) method was used to collect the immature stages of mosquito. The HLC was carried out from 5:00pm to 8:00pm and the biting peak was observed from 5:45pm to 7:00pm. A total of 158 adult mosquitoes were collected which comprised of 3 species namely Culex quinquefasciatus, Anophles gambiae and Mansonia africana. Culex quinquefasciatus was the most abundant species irrespective of the method of collection which was attributed to their anthropohilic, endophagic and endophilic nature. Pyrethrum Spray Collection method (PKC) produced the highest species of 120 mosquitoes which constitute of 75.83% (91/158) Culex quinquefasciatus, 22.5% (27/158) Anopheles gambiae and 1.66% (2/158) Mansonia africana. The HLC method caught mosquitoes of two different species which was Culex quinquefasciatus 89.29% (25/28) and Mansonia africana 10.71% (3/28). The Larval Sampling method caught 10 Culex quinquefasciatus. Although there was no significant difference among the methods of collection (p>0.05), but in the distribution of the mosquitoes species, there was a significant difference (p<0.05) among the seven (7) lodges sampled. The study observed high exposure to mosquitoes and the possibility of epidemics of mosquito - borne diseases among Ifite-Awka residents. The need for proper health education, immediate and effective control measures of the mosquito vectors, which includes environmental sanitation is highly advised. ","PeriodicalId":355136,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Zoology","volume":"96 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124670445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nest-dwelling Mites of Selected Common Bird Species in Sri Lanka","authors":"Vidyani S. Kulatunga, W. Knee, I. Perera, P. N. Dayawansa","doi":"10.9734/ajriz/2023/v6i3113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajriz/2023/v6i3113","url":null,"abstract":"Bird nests primarily function to protect and incubate eggs and nestlings. However, nests are also host to a broad diversity and abundance of arthropod associates, primarily mites (Acari). Our knowledge of nest dwelling mites of common bird species in Sri Lanka is quite limited and necessitates further study. Five different types of nests of selected common bird species (18) in Sri Lanka in urban, suburban, wild, and captive populations were sampled opportunistically using a portable mini vacuum trap. ANOVA: single factor test was used to evaluate statistical significance at p<0.05. A total of 1493 mites were collected from 180 nests. The mites belonging to order Mesostigmata had the highest relative abundance (58.6%) and prevalence (74.4%) of all mite orders collected, followed by the Sarcoptiformes (41.1%, 72.8%), and Trombidiformes (0.3%, 2.2%). Mite diversity of host bird species was measured using the Shannon-Weiner diversity index (H’). Pycnonotus cafer nests had the highest diversity of mites. Cup-shaped nests were host to the highest average abundance value (13.4) of mites, while cavity nests had the lowest value (5.7). Nests from captive populations had the highest average abundance (24.6) of mites and the nests of suburban populations had the lowest value (7.2). These findings can be used as a baseline data set for further detailed research studies on nest-dwelling mites of birds, focusing on avifaunal conservation and the impact on human health by nest-dwelling ectoparasites, built-in human habitations in Sri Lanka.","PeriodicalId":355136,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Zoology","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133179334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the Entomological Parameters of Malaria Vectors in Anambra State, Southeast Nigeria","authors":"E. O. Ogbuefi, D. Aribodor","doi":"10.9734/ajriz/2023/v6i3111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajriz/2023/v6i3111","url":null,"abstract":"Adequate knowledge of entomological parameters within a defined geographic endemic area is basic for effective planning of malaria vector control for malaria elimination. The study investigated sibling species of malaria vectors, indoor resting density (IRD), human biting rate (HBR), blood meal source (BMS), human blood index (HBI), sporozoite rate (SR) and entomological inoculation rate (EIR) of malaria vectors in Awka North, Awka South and Njikoka Local Government Areas in Anambra State, southeast Nigeria. Pyrethrum spray collection (PSC), Centre for Disease Control (CDC) light trap, and human landing catch (HLC) techniques were the methods used for collection of indoor and outdoor malaria vectors. Mosquitoes collected were sorted according to species and sex; and identified using standard morphological and molecular techniques. Chi-square test was used for data analysis. A total of 2,870 Anopheles mosquitoes were collected, male 1949 (67.9%) and female 921 (32.1%). All female species identified morphologically belong to the Anopheles gambiae s. l. complex. From the molecular and siblings species separation, Anopheles gambiae recorded the highest abundance of 54.2% and Anopheles coluzzii the least abundance of 45.8%. The IRD was found to be 1.40 per man per night with an average HBR of 5.05. The blood meal source showed that human blood source was the highest number with 46.2%, followed by goat blood source with 32.7%, and combination of human and goat blood was the least with 21.2%. The result also showed a HBI of 0.51 whereas the test for the presence of circumsporozoite protein (CSP) of Plasmodium falciparum shows that none of the malaria vectors was positive for sporozoite; thus, the EIR could not be determined and compared among the study population. The values of the entomological parameters and the allopatric breeding of the two sibling species of Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles coluzzii reported in this study which is probably the second of such report in Nigeria has a huge implications for malaria vector control and malaria control in Anambra State, Southeast Nigeria.","PeriodicalId":355136,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Zoology","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125805578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Attraction of Umbelliferone in Snail Attractant Pellets (SAP) against the Snail Lymnaea acuminata: An Intermediate Host of Fasciola gigantica","authors":"P. Agrahari","doi":"10.9734/ajriz/2023/v6i2110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajriz/2023/v6i2110","url":null,"abstract":"Snail control method is one of the best ways to management of the fasciolosis. Snail attractant pellets (bait) containing attractant and molluscicide is the good alternative method for control of the Lymnaea acuminata, which is a known intermediate host of Fasciola gigantica. The result of the present study is to find the attraction of molluscicide umbelliferone in snail attractant pellets (SAP) against the Lymnaea acuminata, a vector of snail in different months of the year. Data shows that active molluscicidal component (umbelliferone) showed more attraction at lower concentration. On the contrary, at higher concentration, attraction of snail decreases significantly throughout the year. The attraction of snails declined significantly (P < 0.01) as the concentrations of molluscicide incorporated inside the pellets were increased and water temperature is low (i.e., in winter season). SAP containing 0.5% umbelliferone + starch attract maximum snails (46.0%) and 0.5% umbelliferone + proline, attract maximum snails (42.33%), in the month of June, whereas minimum attraction was observed in the month of January to March when SAP containing 7.0% umbelliferone + starch (6.23-8.1%) and when SAP containing 3.0 % umbelliferone + proline (7.33-9.45%).","PeriodicalId":355136,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Zoology","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130626977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of Some Integrated Pest Management (IPM) Techniques against Okra Shoot and Fruit Borer (Earias vittella Fab.)","authors":"Md. Shahidul Islam Khan, M. Hossain, Ruhul Amin, Sharmin Akter","doi":"10.9734/ajriz/2023/v6i2109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajriz/2023/v6i2109","url":null,"abstract":"The experiment was laid out at the central field of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh during February 2022 to June 2022 to determine the efficacy of some integrated pest management tools against okra shoot and fruit borer (Earias vittella Fab.) in okra. The study comprised of seven treatments, viz. T1= Barrier crop (maize), T2= T-Bird perches 2m long@ 3/plot at distinct distances, T3= Pheromone trap@ 15/ha with lures, T4= Hand picking of larvae at regular basis, T5= Bacillus thuringiesis through two applications of Bt toxin on vegetative and flowering stage@ 1g/liter of water, T6= Proclaim 5 SG (Emamectin Benzoate) @ 1g/liter of water and NLE (neem leaf extract) @ 3g/liter of water, T7= untreated control. All the sprayings were done at 7 days interval. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. All the treatments were applied in okra at different developmental stages against shoot and fruit borer. Among the treatments, T6 gave maximum number of shoots (15.07) with less infested shoots (1.95) and infestation percentage was minimum (12.93). At the same time, the highest shoot infestation percentage (63.40) was also recorded from T7 treatment. The minimum fruit infestation (8.77) was also obtained from T6 treatment with minimum fruit infestation percentage (24.89), whereas; again, T7 illustrated maximum infestation percentage (44.36) of fruit. The treatment T6 yielded maximum (14.78 t/ha) okra that is very close to T5 (13.72 t/ha) and T4 (13.50 t/ha). So, the treatment T6 showed the best performance compared to rest other treatments. But considering the environmental and human health issues, farmers can use the T5 and T4 as they don’t involve any risk factor compared to chemical pesticides as well as their yield is approximately same as to T6 treatment.","PeriodicalId":355136,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Zoology","volume":"397 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132167427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sloth Bear (Melursus ursinus) Maternity Denning Behavior Observations at Indira Gandhi Zoological Park, Visakhapatnam, India","authors":"Ravi Babu Surisetti, Jaya Pattasi, Purushotham Mallarapu","doi":"10.9734/ajriz/2023/v6i2108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajriz/2023/v6i2108","url":null,"abstract":"The Sloth bear is an average-sized black bear with a long, shaggy coat. a long ruff of hair around the back, and a white V- or Y-shaped mark on the breast. Males that are considered to be \"large\" often top out around 145 kg and 170 centimeters. An endangered species, the sloth bear  (Melursus ursinus) is extensively spread over the Indian subcontinent, including India, Nepal, Bhutan, Sri Lanka, and perhaps Bangladesh. It is found in wooded regions from the Indian peninsula to the foothills of the Himalayas. Despite the species' widespread occurrence, nothing is known about its ecology or behavior. We studied den characteristics and maternity denning behavior in captivity. The den use was more from June to August, possibly to take shelter against heavy rains from the southwest monsoon. (June - September). Breeding observed based on the association of adult females and males as well as the birth of cubs revealed that mating is likely to occur during late summer or early monsoon and cubs are born mostly during November-December. This study presents observations on den site characteristics and maternal denning behavior patterns of sloth bears in captivity at Indira Gandhi Zoological Park, Visakhapatnam.","PeriodicalId":355136,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Zoology","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123909010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Freshwater Prawns Diversity (Crustacea: Decapoda) in the River Koshi, Eastern Bihar","authors":"S. Prasad, P. Nath, D. Chaudhary","doi":"10.9734/ajriz/2023/v6i2107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajriz/2023/v6i2107","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The river Koshi is one of the major tributary of river Ganga, which originated from the northern slopes of the Himalayas and flows southwards through north Bihar with draining of the Ganga basin near Kursela, in District Katihar, eastern Bihar. \u0000Objectives: Diversity and abundance of freshwater prawns were studied from January 2020 to December 2022 in the Koshi river of district Katihar eastern Bihar, India. \u0000Methodology: The prawn was collected from the bank of Koshi river with the support of fishermen at Kursela in Katihar district, eastern Bihar and preserved in 5% formalin for further study. \u0000Results: Koshi river is also known as Saptakoshi for its seven upper tributaries, that transports a large amount of nutrient and perhaps encourages species prosperity both culturally and individually. The efficiency of water is significant and therefore the freshwater prawns are divers. Prawn is a very important foodstuff in developing countries, due to high protein content and its other nutrition values. In present study we identified & reports commercially and physically important total four species of prawn belonging to Macrobrachium genius in the river Koshi around Kursela, in Katihar district eastern Bihar. They are namely Macrobrachium gangeticum, M. gandaki, M. tiwari and M. lamarrei. The composition of prawn species among which M. lamarrei and           M. tiwari were dominant species throughout the year. Whereas the catch of M. gangeticum and     M. gandaki were restricted during June to September. \u0000Conclusion: The current investigation important to the presence of commercially important and environmentally sustainable inhabitants available in the river Koshi, Kursela Katihar, eastern Bihar. The suggests to needs appropriate management and conservation strategies to prevent the further loss of populations from this site. The details of data collected are in the flesh in this communication.","PeriodicalId":355136,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Zoology","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129843974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}