The Journal of Economics and Politics最新文献_第4页

“Firm Behavior in the Mid-Twentieth Century American Steel Industry” 《20世纪中期美国钢铁工业的企业行为》

The Journal of Economics and Politics Pub Date : 2018-01-10 DOI: 10.59604/1046-2309.1007

R. Rogers

引用次数: 0

Is Capital Expenditure Contagious? An Analysis of UCC Data from Ohio and Its Neighbors 资本支出会传染吗?俄亥俄州及其邻近地区UCC数据分析

The Journal of Economics and Politics Pub Date : 2016-08-25 DOI: 10.59604/1046-2309.1004

P. Vanderhart, Zheng Zeng

{"title":"Is Capital Expenditure Contagious? An Analysis of UCC Data from Ohio and Its Neighbors","authors":"P. Vanderhart, Zheng Zeng","doi":"10.59604/1046-2309.1004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59604/1046-2309.1004","url":null,"abstract":"ECONOMIC CONDITIONS ARE OFTEN OBSERVED TO BE CORRELATED ACROSS SPACE AND TIME. ONE INTERPRETATION OF THIS PHENOMENON IS THAT ECONOMIC ACTIVITY IS “CONTAGIOUS.” THAT IS, GOOD OR BAD CONDITIONS IN ONE ECONOMIC AREA MAY LATER CAUSE SIMILAR CONDITIONS TO OCCUR IN NEARBY AREAS. THE PREVALENCE AND EXTENT OF THESE RELATIONSHIPS IS IMPORTANT TO UNDERSTAND FOR THOSE SEEKING TO FOSTER REGIONAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT. WE FOCUS ON CAPITAL EQUIPMENT SPENDING AT THE STATE LEVEL AT A MONTHLY FREQUENCY. THIS IS POSSIBLE GIVEN OUR ACCESS TO A UNIQUE DATA SET, THE RANDALL-REILLEY CAPITAL INVESTMENT INDEX (RRCII). THIS INDEX MEASURES CAPITAL EXPENDITURE USING UNIFORM COMMERCIAL CODE (UCC) FORMS FILED EACH MONTH WITH EACH STATE’S SECRETARY OF STATE. THE DATA IS CLASSIFIED INTO THREE INDUSTRIES: AGRICULTURE, CONSTRUCTION, AND MACHINE TOOLS, AS WELL AS A COMPOSITE MEASURE. IN THIS STUDY, WE UTILIZE THE INDEX’S STATE-LEVEL DATA FOR OHIO AND ITS NEIGHBORS: MICHIGAN, INDIANA, KENTUCKY, WEST VIRGINIA, AND PENNSYLVANIA. OUR METHODOLOGY CONSISTS OF TYPICAL TIME SERIES TECHNIQUES: GRANGER CAUSALITY TESTS, VECTOR AUTOREGRESSIONS, AND THEIR ASSOCIATED IMPULSE RESPONSE FUNCTIONS. OUR INITIAL RESULTS SUGGEST THAT MICHIGAN IS THE ONLY STATE WITH A SIGNIFICANT RELATIONSHIP WITH OHIO AT THE COMPOSITE LEVEL, BUT THAT PENNSYLVANIA AND WEST VIRGINIA SHOW SOME RELATIONSHIP WITH OHIO IN CONSTRUCTION, AS DOES INDIANA WITH MACHINE TOOLS. 1 VanderHart and Zeng: Is Capital Expenditure Contagious? Published by Carroll Collected, 2015 76 INTRODUCTION Understanding the economic relationships among adjoining geographical areas is significantly important when trying to foster development in these areas. One view is that the areas may be in competition with one another, suggesting that a given area should try to distinguish itself as it competes for firms, trained workers, and other resources. An alternative view holds that the development of adjoining regions provides positive spillovers to neighboring areas, and that developmental policies that recognize this relationship and emphasize regional cooperation may be advantageous. A mixture of the two views is likely, with different effects in different developmental dimensions complicating the issue. Furthermore, the developmental effects may occur concurrently, with a lag, or with an anticipatory lead. While a significant amount of econometric research focuses on these relationships, it suffers from limitations in available data at the local level. When it is available, quality data is often limited to only a few aspects of the economy (such as employment and housing), and often can only be obtained at a low frequency (annual or perhaps quarterly, rather than monthly). These limitations make understanding the potential mixture of competitive and complementary developmental relationships difficult, as well as obscuring any correlations across time. In this paper we report on innovations in these dimensions. We use a UCC form-derived proprietary inde","PeriodicalId":354997,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Economics and Politics","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129091187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

To Pay or Not to Pay: An Empirical Examination of the Effect of Injunctive Norms on Charitable Donations 支付还是不支付:禁令规范对慈善捐赠影响的实证检验

The Journal of Economics and Politics Pub Date : 2016-08-24 DOI: 10.59604/1046-2309.1005

David Mcclough, Randall L. Ewing, S. Schertzer

{"title":"To Pay or Not to Pay: An Empirical Examination of the Effect of Injunctive Norms on Charitable Donations","authors":"David Mcclough, Randall L. Ewing, S. Schertzer","doi":"10.59604/1046-2309.1005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59604/1046-2309.1005","url":null,"abstract":"CHARITABLE ENDEAVORS OFTEN FACE RESOURCE CONSTRAINTS AND RELY ON ALTRUISM FOR MONETARY DONATIONS NECESSARY TO PURSUE MISSION-DRIVEN OPERATIONS. IMPLEMENTATION OF AN HONOR-BASED PAYMENT SYSTEM TO ATTRACT DONATIONS ATTEMPTS TO ELIMINATE SOME PORTION OF THE COSTS ASSOCIATED WITH FUNDRAISING ACTIVITY. HOWEVER, HONOR-BASED SYSTEMS ARE NOT MONITORED AND, THEREFORE, SUSCEPTIBLE TO UNDERPAYMENT AND THEFT. THIS STUDY EXAMINES HOW POSTING A MESSAGE COMMUNICATING A NEGATIVE INJUNCTIVE NORM AFFECTS CHARITABLE DONATIONS RESULTING FROM PROVISION OF A SNACK BOX USING AN HONOR-BASED PAYMENT SYSTEM. THE STUDY FINDS THAT PRESENTATION OF AN INJUNCTIVE NORM DISSUADES CONTRIBUTIONS FROM DONORS INCLINED TOWARD SLIGHT UNDERPAYMENT BUT DOES NOT DETER GROSS UNDERPAYMENT OR THEFT. THE OVERALL EFFECT IS A DECLINE IN DONATIONS. THE STUDY CONCLUDES BY IDENTIFYING INSIGHTS LIKELY TO IMPROVE THE PROBABILITY OF SUCCESSFUL IMPLEMENTATION OF AN HONOR-BASED SNACK BOX INTENDED FOR CHARITABLE PURPOSES. 1 McClough et al.: To Pay or Not to Pay Published by Carroll Collected, 2015 100 INTRODUCTION On January 1, 2008, Radiohead famously debuted its album In Rainbows to its website only, instructing fans to pay whatever they felt the album was worth. Years later we know that fewer than half of the downloads were accompanied by a payment. What is challenging to economists is not that half of the album downloads were not accompanied by a payment, rather that nearly half of them were accompanied by a payment. More recently, an established restaurant chain introduced a “pay-what-youwant” policy intended to make a nutritious bowl of chili available to all — especially to those who needed it. Initial reports suggested that patrons paid a bit more to make the chili available to those unable to pay full price. Whether the program is an innovative pricing strategy or a savvy public relations scheme, the sustainability of the program ultimately is determined by the willingness of customers to cover the costs. Sustainable honor-based payment systems defy economists’ expectations. Why would anyone pay for something if not required to do so? In reality quite a few people make payment voluntarily in exchange for goods and services. This case study examines voluntary contributions associated with a snack box. As with Radiohead and the bowl of chili, payment is entirely voluntary. We test different message strategies to evoke preferred behavior; specifically, we test message strategies to promote larger voluntary contributions.","PeriodicalId":354997,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Economics and Politics","volume":"195 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134506580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Evolution of Distributive Benefits: The Rise of Letter-Marking in the United States Congress 分配利益的演变:美国国会中字母标记的兴起

The Journal of Economics and Politics Pub Date : 2016-08-13 DOI: 10.59604/1046-2309.1002

Russell W. Mills, Nicole Kalaf-Hughes

引用次数: 5

Academic Unions in Recessionary Times 经济衰退时期的学术工会

The Journal of Economics and Politics Pub Date : 2016-08-11 DOI: 10.59604/1046-2309.1000

J. Rothgeb, Katherine W Mitakides

{"title":"Academic Unions in Recessionary Times","authors":"J. Rothgeb, Katherine W Mitakides","doi":"10.59604/1046-2309.1000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59604/1046-2309.1000","url":null,"abstract":"THIS ARTICLE INVESTIGATES HOW UNIONIZATION AFFECTED THE WAY COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES HANDLED ISSUES RELATING TO FACULTY PAY AND LAYOFFS, DEGREE PROGRAM CANCELLATIONS AND TEACHING LOADS, AND STUDENT SERVICES DURING THE SEVERE RECESSION THAT HIT THE COUNTRY BETWEEN LATE 2007 AND EARLY 2010. THE DATA ARE FROM A NATIONAL SURVEY OF DEPARTMENT CHAIRS. THE RESULTS REVEAL THAT UNIONIZATION REDUCED THE LIKELIHOOD OF FACULTY PAY ACTIONS AND THAT CLASSES WOULD BE TAUGHT AT EXTENDED TIMES, BUT WAS ASSOCIATED WITH A GREATER CHANCE THAT CLASSES WOULD BE OFFERED AT OFF-CAMPUS LOCATIONS. UNIONIZATION HAD NO EFFECT ON BUDGET CUTS, WHETHER FACULTY WERE LAID-OFF OR HAD THEIR TEACHING LOADS INCREASED, AND WHETHER NEW PROGRAMS WERE SET UP TO MEET STATE AND/OR COMMUNITY NEEDS. 1 Rothgeb and Mitakides: Academic Unions in Recessionary Times Published by Carroll Collected, 2015 8 One of the most controversial issues in higher education relates to how faculty unions affect the operation of U.S colleges and universities. As the American Association of University Professors (AAUP, 2011, p. 17) and the Chronicle of Higher Education (Schmidt, 2011, p. 2) report, governors and legislators in several states recently acted to limit or ban collective bargaining by state employees (including those working in higher education) in the belief that it creates excessive compensation and prevents institutions from streamlining their operations by cutting budgets and eliminating outdated programs and unneeded employees. Examples of such anti-union behavior include a 2011 Wisconsin law that required yearly recertification of public sector unions and limited the issues over which they could collectively bargain; Ohio Senate Bill 5 (SB5), which attempted to circumscribe unions at public universities by classifying faculty as managers; and a proposed Florida regulation that would severely restrict the rights of public employees to form unions. While controversies over collective bargaining have been part of academia since faculty unions formed a half-century ago, recent conflicts occurred within the context of the financial problems stemming from the severe national recession between late 2007 and early 2010, as higher education expenditures nationwide dropped by $4 billion from 2008 to 2009 and by 15 percent overall between 2008 and 2012 (Clark, 2009; Nicas and McWhirter, 2012). As Douglass (2010, p. 8) notes, in 2009 and 2010 there were major spending cuts on higher education in 34 states, while AAUP surveys from 2009 to 2011 also show that the downturn also created steep decreases in the values of endowments and reductions in donations, which affected campuses nationwide (AAUP, 2009; 2010; 2011). These revenue-related problems resulted in campus budget cuts across the country and pressured institutions to revise student-education methods, to create new programs to meet community needs, and to deliver instruction at times, locations, and by methods more convenient for students (DeVise, 20","PeriodicalId":354997,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Economics and Politics","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116976029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Identity and Efficacy: Latinos in the United States 身份与功效:美国的拉美裔

The Journal of Economics and Politics Pub Date : 2016-08-11 DOI: 10.59604/1046-2309.1001

Ryan Salzman, S. Reilly

引用次数: 1