2013 IEEE International Underwater Technology Symposium (UT)最新文献

{"title":"Counting animals using vocalizations; a case study in dolphins","authors":"T. Akamatsu, T. Ura, H. Sugimatsu, R. Bahl, S. Behera, S. Panda, M. Khan, S. Kar, C. Kar, S. Kimura, Y. Sasaki-Yamamoto","doi":"10.1109/UT.2013.6519845","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/UT.2013.6519845","url":null,"abstract":"Abundance estimation of marine mammals requires matching of detection of an animal or a group of animals by two independent means. A multimodal detection model using visual and acoustic cues (surfacing and phonation) that enables abundance estimation of dolphins is proposed. The method does not require a specific time window to match the cues of both means for applying mark-recapture method. The proposed model was evaluated using data obtained in field observations of Ganges River dolphins and Irrawaddy dolphins, as examples of dispersed and condensed distributions of animals, respectively. The acoustic detection probability was approximately 80 %, 20 % higher than that of visual detection for both species, regardless of the distribution of the animals in the present study sites. The abundance estimates of Ganges River dolphins and Irrawaddy dolphins fairly agreed with the numbers reported in previous monitoring studies. The single animal detection probability was smaller than that of larger cluster size, as predicted by the model and confirmed by field data. However, dense groups of Irrawaddy dolphins showed difference in cluster sizes observed by visual and acoustic methods. Lower detection probability of single clusters of this species seemed to be caused by the clumped distribution of this species.","PeriodicalId":354995,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE International Underwater Technology Symposium (UT)","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132419859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The new synthesis of cabled observatory science: Technology meets deep-sea ecology","authors":"J. Aguzzi, C. Costa, J. B. Company, Y. Fujiwhara, P. Favali, V. Tunnicliffe, M. Matabos, M. Canals, P. Menesatti","doi":"10.1109/UT.2013.6519817","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/UT.2013.6519817","url":null,"abstract":"Constraints in sampling repeatability at statistically relevant frequencies are limiting the progress of marine ecology, especially in the vast and still largely unexplored deep sea. Within the framework of novel cabled observatory science, it is now possible to study and monitor the fauna of geologically different ecosystems at any depth of the continental margin and abyssal plains, at sampling frequencies and over temporal durations never attained before (i.e. from seconds to decades). New multiparametric platforms endowed with video cameras that are being progressively installed in different oceans, can be used not only for a broad faunal characterization but also to quantify the massive three-dimensional displacements of marine populations in response to cyclic oceanographic, chemical, and geologic fluctuations (also measured in a multiparametric fashion). Here, we will review how automated video-imaging protocols for animal classification and counting could be implemented to transform the video-camera into one of the first intelligent marine sensors for remote, autonomous and continuous monitoring of communities in relation to their diel (i.e. inertial, internal-tidal or day-night), seasonal, and inter-annual cycles of functioning. We will also discuss the possibility to study the responses of benthic species to other more stochastic habitat changes (e.g. those induced in the water column by the meteorology), through the measurement of modifications in water column properties by observatory vertical elongations. Studies of this kind may allow an efficient modeling of marine community modifications in view of future climate change scenarios, based on alterations of the benthopelagic coupling equilibrium. A special emphasis will also be given to the faunal monitoring prior and after catastrophic events (e.g. seismic activity or tsunamis), to initiate a critical discussion on the reliability of biologically-based early warning systems based on the continuous monitoring of the deep sea. The reliability of these systems should be evaluated by considering whether significant changes in automatically video-counted benthos occur prior to, or only after, the incoming catastrophe.","PeriodicalId":354995,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE International Underwater Technology Symposium (UT)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130041628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MIR submersibles historic dive under the ice dome at the geographical North Pole: It has never happened before that small open window was overhead submersible crew instead of the immense ocean surface","authors":"A. Sagalevitch","doi":"10.1109/UT.2013.6519812","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/UT.2013.6519812","url":null,"abstract":"As of September, 2007, thousands have been to the summit of Mt. Everest, 437 astronauts have been to space, 13 men have stepped on the Moon, and only 2 people reached the deepest part of the ocean on Earth at 11,000 meters (35,800') in the Challenger Deep of the Marianas Trench.","PeriodicalId":354995,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE International Underwater Technology Symposium (UT)","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132695383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Classification of fish schools based on acoustic features associated with tilt angle","authors":"M. Ito, I. Matsuo, T. Imaizumi, T. Akamatsu, Y. Wang, Y. Nishimori","doi":"10.1109/UT.2013.6519865","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/UT.2013.6519865","url":null,"abstract":"It is required to monitor fish species and amount in order to save marine resources. In the current study, broadband split-beam echo sounder was used to survey fish resources. The echo sounder was useful to track individual fish in schools because individual fish echoes in the schools could be separately measured and three dimensional positions of the echoes could be accurately estimated. It is well known that the acoustic features of fish echoes are closely related to the body length and the apparent tilt angle of a fish. The tilt angle could be estimated by individual tracking. Echoes from fish schools were measured for several hours in the ocean. Echo signals were gathered into one block within a certain depth and a period of time and analyzed to track individual fish in the schools. Target strength was calculated from the individual fish echo and associated with the tilt angle, which was estimated by the individual tracking result. The feature in each block was statistically calculated by averaging target strengths based on the tilt angles. The blocks of the signals were classified by K-means method with the features and divided into some clusters. As a result of the clustering, fish schools in the blocks could be classified. The distribution of the clusters was dependent on both time and depth.","PeriodicalId":354995,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE International Underwater Technology Symposium (UT)","volume":"116 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133629953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coral Identification Information System","authors":"C. E. O. Litimco, M. Villanueva, N. G. Yecla, M. Soriano, P. Naval","doi":"10.1109/UT.2013.6519835","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/UT.2013.6519835","url":null,"abstract":"We propose the Coral Identification Information System (CIIS) that addresses the need of marine experts and scientists for a semi-automatic large scale analysis of coral reefs from images taken by underwater cameras. Our information system aims to provide these users important statistics on the spatial size and distribution of coral types from image data in order to rapidly assess the health of coral beds. The system uses texture classification algorithms to identify Acropora and Porites which are the most abundant types of corals in the Philippines. CIIS has three components, namely, the texture classifier, the expert sourcing mobile application, and the web application. The classifier identifies the types of corals present in an image using a texture-based recognition algorithm. The mobile application is used as a tool for coral labeling by experts. The web application serves as a repository for coral images and as interface to the classifier engine. Images uploaded through the web application will first undergo segmentation process involving superpixelization and superpixel merging prior to texture analysis. Texture classification is then performed on the merged superpixels. In order to obtain very high quality labels for classifier training, we employ expert sourcing methodology where coral experts use an Android application on mobile phones to label the corals. For selected images, the experts identify the coral type and express the level of certainty of their answers. The web application is used by marine scientists for coral health assessment. This application will pass uploaded images to the image analysis engine for processing. When the processing of the images is done, reports such as types of corals present and percentage of coral cover will be generated.","PeriodicalId":354995,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE International Underwater Technology Symposium (UT)","volume":"378 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122865621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic evaluation of quay wall using three-dimensional acoustic measurement systems","authors":"K. Abukawa, A. Asada, K. Mizuno, T. Igarashi, N. Kishi, K. Akimoto","doi":"10.1109/UT.2013.6519821","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/UT.2013.6519821","url":null,"abstract":"We used two types of acoustic measurement systems to assess the state of quay wall. Collapse and subsidence of quay wall at a harbor are often reported and a diagnosis method to prevent the accident has become a significant concern. The collapse is mainly occurred by air hole inside the quay wall. Therefore, the more robust and accurate diagnosis system is required and we try to apply the new diagnosis system which enables to assess the both inside and outside states of the quay wall from the underwater site. In the present study, two types of acoustic measurement systems using dual frequency identification sonar (DIDSON), and narrow-beam parametric sub-bottom profiler (SES2000) are applied to assess the both inside and outside states of quay wall. The field experiment was performed at the Iwanai port in Hokkaido, Japan (42° 59' N, 140° 30' E). The DIDSON was used generation of image mosaic and tree-dimensional image of the surface of quay wall. The SES2000 was created acoustic profile of inside the quay wall. The outside and inside acoustic images of the damaged quay wall were reconstructed from the collected data of DIDSON and SES2000. We detected corrosion hole. In addition, we detected corrosion holes and aged deterioration at other survey points using these two- and three-dimensional images. The state of the quay wall was quantified and compared with the results of direct measurement by diver. We should take more data in various field conditions and the continuous work with the proposed methods is needed for the practical use of them.","PeriodicalId":354995,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE International Underwater Technology Symposium (UT)","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132550437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Background seismic noise level in DONET seafloor cabled observation network","authors":"E. Araki, T. Yokobiki, K. Kawaguchi, Y. Kaneda","doi":"10.1109/UT.2013.6519858","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/UT.2013.6519858","url":null,"abstract":"One of the observation target of the seafloor cabled observation network called Dense Ocean Network for Earthquake and Tsunamis (DONET) in the Nankai Trough, south of Japan, is slow and weak seismic motion. The target necessitated installation of broadband seismometers in the seafloor in a very quiet background noise environment. We developed a technique to install seismometer in a buried caisson using a piston corer and a remotely operated vehicle. We installed 18 observatories in the DONET using the technique, and evaluation of the resultant seismic background noise level and its relationship with the quality of the installation, was performed.","PeriodicalId":354995,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE International Underwater Technology Symposium (UT)","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124247582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Communication characteristics of UHF band under the sea through inflected propagation channel","authors":"M. Ozawa, E. Shimizu, T. Saito, A. Takahashi","doi":"10.1109/UT.2013.6519819","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/UT.2013.6519819","url":null,"abstract":"Since higher communication speed than the acoustic wave communication is required in the ocean, the high frequency radio wave communication method is developed. Because the method requires propagation of narrow channels which are made from less attenuation materials, communication characteristics of the method can be different from propagation theories in the air. Therefore, communication characteristics of the method have been researched since the method is developed. In this article, the effect of the propagation channel inflection is experimentally confirmed. Results show there is a threshold value of inflection angle that communication strength is suddenly decreased. Furthermore, smoothing the corner of the propagation channel decreases variability of communication strength.","PeriodicalId":354995,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE International Underwater Technology Symposium (UT)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125497946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Working-AUV \"Otohime\" and its sea trials at Sagami Bay","authors":"T. Nakatani, S. Ishibashi, T. Hyakudome, M. Sugesawa, Y. Ota, H. Ochi, Y. Watanabe, T. Sawa, Y. Nakano, T. Kumagai, S. Sato, H. Yoshida","doi":"10.1109/UT.2013.6519903","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/UT.2013.6519903","url":null,"abstract":"Since October 2010, JAMSTEC has developed two autonomous uderwater vehicles (AUVs); a cruising-AUV “Jinbei” and a working-AUV “Otohime” (Fig.1). Their major purposes are to observe underwater CO2 distribution around carbon dioxide capture and storage field, and to explore seabed mineral resources in Japan's EEZ. The cruising-AUV performs wide area survey with sonars and chemical sensors. According to the survey results, the working-AUV “Otohime” accesses feature points and observes seafloor in detail, with its chemical sensors, cameras, and a manipulator. In this paper, we introduce the newly developed AUV “Otohime” and its sea trials at Sagami Bay. Through two dives at the depth of 80-120m for total 3 hours operation, we verified the performance of the overall hardware/software systems.","PeriodicalId":354995,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE International Underwater Technology Symposium (UT)","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126609778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Super-deep-sea ocean bottom seismometers using ceramic spheres","authors":"Y. Maeda, K. Asakawa, K. Obana, I. Terada","doi":"10.1109/UT.2013.6519902","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/UT.2013.6519902","url":null,"abstract":"We developed a new ocean bottom seismometer (OBS) that can be deployed to the ocean floor to 9,000 m depth. We conducted the first observations using the device. Conducting seismic observations in waters deeper than 6,000 m had been difficult because the maximum applicable depth of conventional ocean bottom seismometers is 6,000 m. The Japan Trench, where the Great East Japan Earthquake occurred, is included in those areas which are difficult to observe. To increase the applicable depth, we used newly developed ceramic pressure-tight spheres for the housing in place of 17-inch glass spheres. Although the rated maximum depth is 11,000 m, its size and the weight are almost equal to those of 17-inch glass spheres. We have also refurbished acoustic transponders, radio beacons, and flashers for application to 9,000 m water depth. We have deployed six Super-deep-sea OBS (SDOBS) in the Japan Trench deeper than 6,000 m, and have succeeded in observations. Herein, we present an outline of the SDOBS.","PeriodicalId":354995,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE International Underwater Technology Symposium (UT)","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126168167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}