{"title":"Living with a Playhouse","authors":"C. Highley","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780192846976.003.0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192846976.003.0008","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter considers why there were no formal complaints against the playhouse between 1596 and the next petition of 1619. It argues that the playhouse brought economic and social benefits to the area, and that over time theater people became a familiar part of the neighborhood. Even the godly learned to live in the shadow of a playhouse. For the Blackfriars clergy, maintaining neighborhood stability by accommodating the interests of different factions usually trumped a desire for ideological purity. The presence of a playhouse may even have served their polemical goals until material conditions dictated otherwise.","PeriodicalId":354817,"journal":{"name":"Blackfriars in Early Modern London","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124836503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Early Troubles","authors":"C. Highley","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780192846976.003.0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192846976.003.0006","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter examines the successful attempt by a group of Blackfriars residents in 1596 to stop James Burbage from opening a second, larger, playhouse in the precinct. As well as identifying the petitioners and their concerns, the chapter asks why other residents may have been reluctant or unwilling to sign up. The petition was successful in the short term, but it does not represent the wishes of the entire community. The playhouse, in other words, was a divisive issue. A few years later a company of boy, rather than adult, actors took occupancy of the performance space. The chapter argues for the centrality of Ben Jonson in this new venture; his early plays for the boys established a tradition of satirical and topically “edgy” drama that would characterize the playhouse for the next decade or so.","PeriodicalId":354817,"journal":{"name":"Blackfriars in Early Modern London","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117030077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Precinct","authors":"C. Highley","doi":"10.4135/9781483300528.n184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4135/9781483300528.n184","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter maps the Blackfriars, surveys its major streets and buildings, and introduces its principal residents. Henry VIII granted much of the dissolved friary to Sir Thomas Cawarden who built his own great house on the site of the friars’ church. He sold or leased other parts to fellow aristocrats as well as to humbler artisans who put the old cloisters to various domestic and work-related uses. Contrary to received opinion, the early modern Blackfriars was not an exclusively aristocratic enclave, but home to a diverse mixture of social groups, occupations, and activities. All these were closely interconnected in a physical environment of often jarring juxtapositions.","PeriodicalId":354817,"journal":{"name":"Blackfriars in Early Modern London","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116875293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Epilogue","authors":"C. Highley","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780192846976.003.0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192846976.003.0012","url":null,"abstract":"The Epilogue examines later petitions against the Blackfriars playhouse and their possible influence on Parliament’s ultimate closure of all the playhouses in 1642. These petitions have been used to suggest that, beginning in the early seventeenth century, Blackfriars was a neighborhood in decline: wealthier residents moved out as the capital’s cultural center of gravity shifted westward to Westminster and the new west end. The chapter argues that despite undeniable changes in the residential makeup, economy, and physical fabric of Blackfriars, the area maintained its unique and vital identity, thanks in no small part to the presence of the playhouse.","PeriodicalId":354817,"journal":{"name":"Blackfriars in Early Modern London","volume":"111 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133658790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Liberty","authors":"C. Highley","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780192846976.003.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192846976.003.0003","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter examines the Blackfriars’ status as an ex-ecclesiastical liberty independent of mayoral jurisdiction. It explains how the residents governed their own affairs and how they clung tenaciously to the liberty’s special privileges. As an “exempt place,” the Blackfriars was also free from the City’s Livery Companies and the restrictions they placed on non-native workers. This situation attracted many French and Dutch refugees who came to form a distinct sub-group of residents that was successfully integrated into the neighborhood. The liberty’s privileges helped unite its disparate residents, fostering a strong collective consciousness and attachment to place. Yet those residents, for all their claims to autonomy, still depended upon the wider economic and municipal structures of the metropolis.","PeriodicalId":354817,"journal":{"name":"Blackfriars in Early Modern London","volume":"122 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124415020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Parish","authors":"C. Highley","doi":"10.1163/1877-5888_rpp_com_024353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/1877-5888_rpp_com_024353","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter explores Blackfriars’ parochial identity as St. Anne’s Blackfriars. The parish became a stronghold of godly Protestantism in later sixteenth-century London, thanks to the efforts of the resident preachers Stephen Egerton and William Gouge, and their local lay supporters. Their powerful and sometimes provocative preaching attracted a wide audience, including many parish outsiders. The Blackfriars’ association with the religious avant-garde of puritan activism was reinforced by the many Huguenot residents from overseas who shared the desire of men like Egerton and Gouge for a more perfectly reformed church. The chapter makes special note of the many foreign-born stationers living in Blackfriars and their output of reformed religious works.","PeriodicalId":354817,"journal":{"name":"Blackfriars in Early Modern London","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130862509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"“Glauncing or girding at the present government”","authors":"C. Highley","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780192846976.003.0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192846976.003.0007","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter explores the synergies between two venues that in their physical form and the experiences they cultivated were surprisingly alike. At the beginning of the seventeenth century, plays and sermons in Blackfriars might share the same ideological ground in the way they questioned the authorities of church and state. While Egerton’s sermons denounced an imperfectly reformed church and the mistreatment of allies like the Earl of Essex, Blackfriars playwrights also exposed political iniquities and derided an unpopular Scottish King in plays like Eastward Ho and The Ile of Guls. Egerton was punished for his transgressions and the boy actors evicted from the playhouse, but together their dissident activities helped solidify the Blackfriars’ standing as an oppositional space in London’s cultural geography.","PeriodicalId":354817,"journal":{"name":"Blackfriars in Early Modern London","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128210288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Beginnings","authors":"C. Highley","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780192846976.003.0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192846976.003.0005","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter argues that the Blackfriars early association with the Revels Office and Royal Wardrobe established a local tradition of play and performance-related activities. The first commercial playhouse that opened in 1576 was a multi-purpose space in part of the old friary where royal choirmaster Richard Farrant lodged, educated, and “staged” his boys for paying customers. This short-lived playhouse is best understood not as an isolated venture but as part of a cluster of popular recreational venues, including bowling alleys, tennis courts, and fencing schools. Collectively, they made the Blackfriars into London’s premiere entertainment area north of the river.","PeriodicalId":354817,"journal":{"name":"Blackfriars in Early Modern London","volume":"102 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116656485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Gouge, the Spanish Match, and Blackfriars “Spanish” Plays","authors":"C. Highley","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780192846976.003.0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192846976.003.0011","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter argues that William Gouge not only continued Stephen Egerton’s tradition of dissident preaching but also made the parish of St. Anne’s a cockpit of opposition to Stuart policy in church and state. King James’s pursuit of an inter-faith dynastic marriage for Prince Charles and his reluctance to support the Protestant cause in Europe galvanized Gouge and his activist parishioners. Their sermons and other writings pushed back against Stuart policies in subtle and not so subtle ways. In doing so, they resonated with similar oppositional discourses in contemporary Blackfriars Spanish-themed plays. During these years, sermons and plays were more in dialogue with than opposed to one another.","PeriodicalId":354817,"journal":{"name":"Blackfriars in Early Modern London","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132113942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Remembering the Catholic Blackfriars","authors":"C. Highley","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780192846976.003.0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192846976.003.0010","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter argues that although St. Anne’s was closely identified the godly, the local residents were not all puritan. In fact, several Catholic families also lived here among the remains of pre-Reformation London’s most prestigious religious house. Many Catholics revered the Blackfriars as a sacred space, whose very name conjured memories of better days and inspired loyalty to the Old Faith. The area’s continuing significance for Catholics is nowhere more evident than at the so-called “Fatal Vesper” in 1623, when dozens of people were crushed to death at an illegal Jesuit sermon. Memories of the pre-dissolution Blackfriars also intrigued playwrights like Shakespeare, Fletcher, and Webster. Their plays Henry VIII and The Duchess of Malfi evoke the history of the playing space and its surroundings to open up questions about the origins and results of England’s Reformation.","PeriodicalId":354817,"journal":{"name":"Blackfriars in Early Modern London","volume":"100 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115799845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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