2023 Photonics & Electromagnetics Research Symposium (PIERS)最新文献

{"title":"Performance Characterisation of Microstrip Antenna when Utilised for RF Power Harvesting in Manufacturing Environments","authors":"A. Ukala, Martin Thomas, Tiffany Cao, E. A. Ogbodo","doi":"10.1109/PIERS59004.2023.10221472","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PIERS59004.2023.10221472","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates the impact of Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) and Radio Frequency Interference (RFI) on the power output that can be harvested in a typical man-ufacturing environment where equipment capable of generating EMI and RFI is utilized [1]. This study has significant implications for the development of RF energy harvesting systems in manufacturing environments where EMI and RFI are commonly present [1]. The results demonstrate the feasibility of using RF energy harvesting to generate power for sensors and other low-power devices in such environments [2]. The findings contribute to the understanding of the potential sources and impact of EMI and RFI on power harvesting in manufacturing environments [3]. Specifically, a rectifying microstrip antenna designed for Radio Frequency (RF) power harvesting at 2.4 GHz with 4% bandwidth is characterised according to EN 300 328 standards [2]. Although this frequency band may not be the most energy-rich, it is widely available in most manufacturing environments. To support this study, relevant literature is reviewed, including studies on RF energy harvesting, EMI, and RFI in manufacturing environments [1–5]. Additionally, the study draws on relevant standards and guidelines, such as the EN 300 328 standard for RF power harvesting [2], and the CE mark requirement for electromagnetic compatibility [5]. To assess the performance and efficiency of the antenna, simulated and actual test results are compared [2]. The obtained results show that the effects of EMI and RFI on the antenna's usable bandwidth are minimal, with a loss of approximately 0.7%. The findings conclude that the negative impact of EMI and RFI on power harvesting in a non-Conformité Européene (CE) manufacturing environment is negligible. The potential power that is harvestable still makes energy harvesting in a manufacturing environment a viable option for alternative power source generation. The consensus is that more work will need to be done to identify a more energy-rich frequency or other means that will allow more energy to be captured.","PeriodicalId":354610,"journal":{"name":"2023 Photonics & Electromagnetics Research Symposium (PIERS)","volume":"88 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126991466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preliminary Results of Near Field Microwave Imaging System for Dielectric Material","authors":"E. Mengüç, M. Eren, A. Kocakusak, S. Helhel","doi":"10.1109/PIERS59004.2023.10221382","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PIERS59004.2023.10221382","url":null,"abstract":"Microwave imaging (MWI) method refers to applications and technology that using electromagnetic radiation of frequencies anywhere between several hundred mega-hertz (MHz) and several hundred giga-hertz (GHz). Depending on the frequency, this radiation penetrates many objects. So, microwave imaging provides a wealth of target information and its imaging. Radar based MWI has been using in such areas land resource survey, disaster monitoring, growth observation, ocean observation, terrain mapping, oceanographic research, glacier research, etc. Nowadays, MWI is emerged as a new imaging technique apart from conventional imaging. It is used in literature for breast tumor and lung lesion detection. Because MWI is using non-ionizing electromagnetic waves which is not harmful effects on living tissues and cells on medical imaging purposes. In literature image reconstruction is done by back-projection algorithm, delay and sum technique and iterative born method. Mentioned methods are contain excessive mathematical calculations and time consuming. This study intends to enlarge MWI concept and includes microwave imaging based on radar basics. Near field measurements is done with 2D scanning system, 2 port vector network analyzer (VNA) and computer. Only complex $S_{21}$ scattering parameters are obtained. Coherent signal measurements contain both amplitude and phase information. By using only complex $S_{21}$ transmission parameters microwave images are constructed. Data visualization and image reconstruction algorithms are applied to raw data. Finally, image processing techniques are performed and meaningful microwave raw images obtained. In this preliminary study, a 30 cm length 5 cm diameter dielectric target is discussed. The position and dimension of the dielectric target were determined within the %1 error on the $x$ and $y$ axis compared with real measurements. As a result, dielectric target distinguishes from background. The next stage of this study is to image embedded bone-like dielectric materials including determining the orientation while it has an irregular shape.","PeriodicalId":354610,"journal":{"name":"2023 Photonics & Electromagnetics Research Symposium (PIERS)","volume":"59 5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116522143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surface Roughness Effects of Fabrication Technology on Metallic Waveguide in D-Band for 6G RF Communications","authors":"D. O. Kim, S. M. Oh, J. Y. Lee, D. Cho","doi":"10.1109/PIERS59004.2023.10221399","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PIERS59004.2023.10221399","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents on the effect of surface roughness characteristics for metallic waveguide in D-Band (110 GHz∼170 GHz) which is a candidate component technology for 6G mobile RF communications. D-band RF components based on the waveguide have been widely used in existing wireless communications system. The surface roughness characteristics of metallic waveguide in D-band should be considered due to the short wavelengths. Generally, the common technologies of fabricating waveguides in D-band include the metallic 3D printing, CNC machining, etc. Each fabrication method basically provides the specifications for metallic surface such a particle size and surface roughness. However, it is difficult to predict the performance of the metallic waveguide based on only these parameters of fabrication methods. In this paper, we calculated the attenuation factor for surface roughness using the Huray model and each fabrication technology parameter. And the line loss of the metallic waveguide in D-band for each fabrication technology was simulated by applying the calculated attenuation factor to the 3D EM simulation (Ansys HFSS). Simulated waveguide structure was WR-7 type with 1.7mm width and 0.83mm height, and a length of waveguide was 10mm (5λ0 at 150GHz). The fabrication types of waveguide included the metallic 3D printing, conventional CNC machining, nano CNC machining, and no surface roughness case. From simulation results, it was shown that nano CNC machining technology shows the lowest loss performance, and the metallic 3D printing has the worst performance. By using the proposed prediction strategy, surface roughness loss of waveguide components in D-band can be predicted, and this low loss waveguide fabrication technology might be useful for constructing the 6G mobile RF communication test system.","PeriodicalId":354610,"journal":{"name":"2023 Photonics & Electromagnetics Research Symposium (PIERS)","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132940335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Estimation Techniques for Railway Traction Vehicle Wheel Slip Control","authors":"P. Pichlík, J. Zdenek, J. Lettl","doi":"10.1109/PIERS59004.2023.10221240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PIERS59004.2023.10221240","url":null,"abstract":"Power semiconductor converters of railway traction vehicles are controlled by sophisticated regulators. They must respond immediately and with high dynamics to changes in adhesion conditions on the track to utilize the available adhesion. This is the task of the wheel slip controller. Wheel slip controllers for railway traction vehicles are developed for many tenths of years, and many methods based on different principles have been developed. The principle of the slip controller that can fulfil the asked requirement estimates an adhesion characteristic slope in an operating point. These types of slip controllers can run at any part of the adhesion characteristic and ensure that the operating point is in the stable area of the adhesion characteristic for most of the operating time. The slip controllers can effectively avoid the maximum point overstepping. Therefore, undesirable phenomena like increased wheel and rail wear, high slip velocity, the increased stress of mechanical parts or stick-slip oscillations can be minimized. The methods require knowing the actual value of an adhesion coefficient for their correct operation. However, the adhesion coefficient is not measured during regular train operation because it requires additional equipment that is not standardly mounted on the vehicle. Therefore, the adhesion coefficient is typically estimated by an estimator.","PeriodicalId":354610,"journal":{"name":"2023 Photonics & Electromagnetics Research Symposium (PIERS)","volume":"126 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133218912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A High Gain SIW Cavity-backed Differential-fed Dual-polarized Slot Antenna for 5G Applications","authors":"Amit Kumar, Ajay Kumar, A. Keskar, A. Singh","doi":"10.1109/PIERS59004.2023.10221489","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PIERS59004.2023.10221489","url":null,"abstract":"A dual-polarized, differentially fed antenna based on a substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) cavity for 5G applications with a wide differential bandwidth and good common mode rejection is proposed. The presented antenna is designed to cover 5G frequency band for USA (27.5-28.35 GHz), Korea (26.5-29.5 GHz), India (24.25-28.5 GHz) and China (24.25-27.5 GHz) region. The antenna is made up of a modified square-shaped slot that is supported by a square SIW cavity and excited by two pairs of GPCW feed lines that are different from each other. In order to get a dual-polarization, the TE120 and TE210 cavity modes are used to excite the cavity. The results show that the differential bandwidth of 3.7 GHz (13.4%) ranging from 25.7 GHz-29.4 GHz, a high peak gain of 14.63 dBi over the differential bandwidth with FTBR of 23.4 dB have been achieved.","PeriodicalId":354610,"journal":{"name":"2023 Photonics & Electromagnetics Research Symposium (PIERS)","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134076933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Semi-analytical Method for TE Scattering from Arbitrary Shaped Radially Inhomogeneous Cylindrical Shells at Normal Incidence","authors":"T. Gürbüz, Birol Aslanyürek","doi":"10.1109/PIERS59004.2023.10221511","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PIERS59004.2023.10221511","url":null,"abstract":"Radially inhomogeneous cylindrical shells, whose electrical properties vary contin-uously along the radial direction only, are encountered in various engineering applications. In some of these applications, circular radially inhomogeneous shells can be deformed with notches or grooves or can be used for shielding noncircular cores. Previously, we proposed a fast meshless method to compute the electromagnetic field that is scattered from such arbitrary shaped radi-ally inhomogeneous cylindrical shells when they are normally illuminated by $text{TM}_z$ plane waves. Here, we adapt this method to the $text{TM}_z$ illumination case. In this method, the longitudinal field component ($E_{z}$ for the $text{TM}_z$ case, $H_{z}$ for the $text{TM}_{z}$ case) is represented as a series of special functions, which is the general solution of a governing differential equation, at each layer (the core, the shell, and the outermost medium). In the inhomogeneous shell, the governing differential equations and their general solutions are different for the $text{TM}_{z}$ and ‘ $text{TM}_{z}$ cases as well as for different inhomogeneity profiles. In order to determine the unknown coefficients of the series rep-resentations of the fields, the boundary conditions are imposed and a procedure based on Fourier series expansion of the fields on boundaries and the orthogonality of complex exponentials is applied. In the $text{TM}_{z}$ case, differently from the $text{TM}_{z}$ case, the boundary condition related to the transverse field components includes complex discontinuity terms, necessitating a modification in the procedure. Numerical results show that the proposed method is accurate and effective also for the $text{TM}_z$ illumination case.","PeriodicalId":354610,"journal":{"name":"2023 Photonics & Electromagnetics Research Symposium (PIERS)","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115552216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Novel Low-Dropout Regulator with Dynamically-biased Current and Super Source Follower","authors":"Jin Jie Wu, Y. Du, M. Tong","doi":"10.1109/PIERS59004.2023.10221437","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PIERS59004.2023.10221437","url":null,"abstract":"Low-Dropout (LDO) regulator is a key component widely used in integrated on-chip power management devices requiring a clean supply voltage and small area. The stability is a crucial performance parameter since the dominant pole and other high-frequency poles will vary with different load conditions. The load transient quantifies the peak output-voltage excursion and settling time of signals when the load current is stepped. An LDO regulator with a good load-transient response must achieve a minimal overshoot/undershoot voltage and fast settling time by placing an off-chip capacitor or increasing the bias current to improve the transient response. Also, the quiescent current should be considered in designing the LDO regulator.","PeriodicalId":354610,"journal":{"name":"2023 Photonics & Electromagnetics Research Symposium (PIERS)","volume":"153 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115582860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polymer-based Ultra-wideband Antenna for Wearable Application","authors":"Debarati Ghosh, A. Nandi, U. Chakraborty","doi":"10.1109/PIERS59004.2023.10221342","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PIERS59004.2023.10221342","url":null,"abstract":"Flexible antennas are promoting technology modernization in terms of viability. One such example is a wearable antenna, which is worn on the body and allows for flexibility, bending, and twisting. An ultra-wideband antenna (UWB) is well-suited for enabling wireless applications in the industrial, scientific, medical, and military domains, as a wider bandwidth is required to support these applications. It should be acknowledged that environmental factors must be taken into account when considering the durability of wearable devices. To withstand challenging climate conditions, it is preferable to use substrate materials that have low water absorbance and are resistant to dirt. Teflon is a particularly advantageous material for wearable antennas due to its low-loss tangent, which leads to increased radiation and minimal signal loss, even at high frequencies. The paper presents a low-cost and versatile UWB antenna design, which employs a polymer-based substrate to operate in the frequency range of 2.58-13.89 GHz. The antenna is constructed on a Teflon substrate and features a corner-truncated radiating element and partial ground plane, with overall dimensions of $50times 40$ mm. The performance of the antenna is impacted by the movement of the human body when it is worn on body parts. Therefore, to evaluate its performance, the antenna was tested under both flat and bent conditions, with a bending analysis conducted on it. Exposure to electromagnetic (EM) radiation can pose health hazards to the human body. Therefore, the absorption of EM waves by the human body is analyzed using SAR (Specific Absorption Rate). To protect human tissue from EM radiation, the SAR value for 1 gram of tissue should be limited to 1.6 watt/kg according to International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) guidelines. Using Ansys Electronics, SAR was simulated on the wrist and determined to be within an acceptable range.","PeriodicalId":354610,"journal":{"name":"2023 Photonics & Electromagnetics Research Symposium (PIERS)","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115702525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diffuse Optical Imaging Using Optimized Regularization Parameters through U-Curve Method","authors":"Nian-Du Wu, Min-Chun Pan","doi":"10.1109/PIERS59004.2023.10221252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PIERS59004.2023.10221252","url":null,"abstract":"This study explores and implements the use of the U-curve method to determine the regularization parameter to reconstruct diffuse optical images and use some simulated measurement data to observe the image reconstruction. Some synthesized case examples and experimental ones as well are conducted to verify the performance. uses some simulated measurement data to observe the image reconstruction.","PeriodicalId":354610,"journal":{"name":"2023 Photonics & Electromagnetics Research Symposium (PIERS)","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114302336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low Power Consumption Beamforming System for Multi-beam Generation in 5G/6G Communications","authors":"S. Keum, Ju-Yong Lee, Eun-Jin Kim","doi":"10.1109/PIERS59004.2023.10221291","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PIERS59004.2023.10221291","url":null,"abstract":"In the 5th generation mobile communication, the millimeter band is used to increase capacity, and in the 6th generation mobile communication, the sub-terahertz band is considered. Since a lot of path loss occurs in a high frequency band, transmission is performed through beamforming. In the 5th generation millimeter band mobile communication system, a hybrid beamforming (BF) architecture has been proposed to reduce digital processing complexity including ADC power consumption. The hybrid beamforming system has an advantage in terms of hardware complexity when the number of beams is small. However, as the number of beams increases, the number of phase shifters increases in proportion to the number of beams, so hardware complexity greatly increases. If beamforming is performed at the digital stage, it is possible to obtain a benefit in generating multiple beams and flexible use of resources. In this paper, we propose system design criteria in order to ensure the same receiving quality for all terminals. Considering the performance limit of the PA, an appropriate increase in antennas is required according to the increase in beams. We analyze the power consumption of the hybrid beamforming system, and the full digital beamforming system with the constraint to generate the same number of beams and obtain the same Tx EIRP per beam. We show that the optimal BF system minimize power consumption with the same Tx EIRP per beam as the number of beams increases.","PeriodicalId":354610,"journal":{"name":"2023 Photonics & Electromagnetics Research Symposium (PIERS)","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117054424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}