Clinical Practice and Epidemiology in Mental Health最新文献

{"title":"Expulsion from the Motherland: Association between Depression & Health-Related Quality of Life for Ethnic Rohingya Living with Refugee Status in Bangladesh.","authors":"K M Amran Hossain,&nbsp;Lori M Walton,&nbsp;S M Yasir Arafat,&nbsp;Nidiorin Maybee,&nbsp;Rubel Hossen Sarker,&nbsp;Shahoriar Ahmed,&nbsp;Feroz Kabir","doi":"10.2174/1745017902016010046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1745017902016010046","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The Rohingyas are an ethnic minority group from Myanmar who have experienced severe forms of violence such as murder, rape, humanitarian defilement and forcible expellation from their motherland. Exposure to trauma has a long-lasting impact on psychological well-being and Health-related Quality of Life (HRQoL).</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence of depression and association with HRQoL for Rohingya displaced persons.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>This was a prospective, cross-sectional study in two refugee camps in Southern Bangladesh, with a structured and language validated questionnaire.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study indicates the prevalence of depression was 70% (n=150 respondents), with 8.7% reporting \"severe depression\" in PHQ-9. WHOQOL-BREF scores were inversely associated with symptoms on the depression scale with a strong and significant correlation (r= 0.652; p<0.01) in total and physical health; psychological (r= 0.757, p<0.01), social relationship (r= 0.479, p<0.01), environment (r= 0.443, p<0.01), increasing age (r= 0.272, p<0.01), severity of depression (r= 0.489, p<0.01). Furthermore, there was a statistically significant correlation with overall quality of life with same variables subsequently (r =0.600, 0.309, 0.482, 0.170, 0.103, 0.272, 0.339; p<0.01), also correlation was observed between married individuals and severity of depression in PHQ (r= 0.346), physical state (r= 0.353), psychological state (r= 0.358), and with social relationship (r= 0.435), with statistical significance (p= <0.01).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>There are higher incidence rates of moderate to severe depression than the population norms and low health-related quality of life than published population norms for Rohingya displaced persons living in refugee camps. Depression rates were inversely associated with HRQoL for Rohingya displaced persons living in refugee camps. Future research may consider the prevention of related medical issues for long term program implementation.</p>","PeriodicalId":35447,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Practice and Epidemiology in Mental Health","volume":"16 ","pages":"46-52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7254817/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38022659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Post-traumatic Stress Disorder in Prisoners' Offspring: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.","authors":"Giacomo Gualtieri,&nbsp;Fabio Ferretti,&nbsp;Alessandra Masti,&nbsp;Andrea Pozza,&nbsp;Anna Coluccia","doi":"10.2174/1745017902016010036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1745017902016010036","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Parental incarceration can produce serious effects on the offspring's mental health. The presence of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) in prisoners' offspring is understudied and the few literature data showed heterogeneous evidence, with some studies suggesting that about 25% of prisoners' offspring have PTSD and other reporting much lower prevalence rates around 2-3%. There is no systematic review and meta-analysis about PTSD in prisoners' offspring.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objectives: &lt;/strong&gt;The present systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to provide a first quantitative synthesis of the prevalence of the PTSD diagnosis in prisoners' offspring. Moderator variables of the effect sizes were assessed, including offspring's and parents' gender, offspring's generational cohort (children/adolescents versus adults), reasons for parental incarceration (political/war versus crime), and country type (Western versus Non-Western countries).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;A systematic review and a meta-analysis were conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines. Studies were included if they assessed the presence of a PTSD diagnosis in child, adolescent or adult offspring of prisoners through a diagnostic classification system, a clinician-administered interview or a self-report questionnaire, if they reported data necessary to calculate the effect sizes or the authors were available to provide them. Studies might have been based upon any design except review, single-case, case series, and case reports. Outcomes might have been measured at any time after parental incarceration. Parental imprisonment was defined as any kind of custodial confinement of a parent by the criminal justice system, including being held as a prisoner of war or for political reasons.Independent reviewers searched published/unpublished studies through electronic databases and additional sources and extracted the data. A random-effect meta-analysis was carried out by calculating the effect sizes as event rates. Heterogeneity was examined by the &lt;i&gt;I&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/i&gt; and the &lt;i&gt;Q&lt;/i&gt; statistics. Moderators were assessed through meta-regressions.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Six studies (2512 participants) were included. Fifteen percent of prisoners' offspring had PTSD, as shown by a significant mean effect size of 0.14 without evidence of publication bias (&lt;i&gt;95% CI&lt;/i&gt;: 0.081 - 0.249, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt;&lt; 0.001). There were no significant differences on the mean effect sizes between the studies on adults and those on children/adolescents [&lt;i&gt;Q&lt;sub&gt;(1)&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/i&gt; = 0.00, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = .999], between the studies on parents incarcerated for political/war reasons and those for crime [&lt;i&gt;Q&lt;sub&gt;(1)&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/i&gt; = 0.00, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = .979], and between the studies conducted in Western and non-Western countries [&lt;i&gt;Q&lt;sub&gt;(1)&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/i&gt; = 0.854, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = .355]. While offspring's gender was not related to the effect sizes [&lt;i&gt;β&lt;/i&gt; = -0.01, &lt;i&gt;95% CI&lt;/i&gt;: -0.02 - 0.02, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; =","PeriodicalId":35447,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Practice and Epidemiology in Mental Health","volume":"16 ","pages":"36-45"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7254824/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38022658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Online Romance Scams: Relational Dynamics and Psychological Characteristics of the Victims and Scammers. A Scoping Review.","authors":"Anna Coluccia,&nbsp;Andrea Pozza,&nbsp;Fabio Ferretti,&nbsp;Fulvio Carabellese,&nbsp;Alessandra Masti,&nbsp;Giacomo Gualtieri","doi":"10.2174/1745017902016010024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1745017902016010024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Digital communication technologies can overcome physical, social and psychological barriers in building romantic relationships. Online romance scams are a modern form of fraud that has spread in Western societies along with the development of social media and dating apps. Through a fictitious Internet profile, the scammer develops a romantic relationship with the victim for 6-8 months, building a deep emotional bond to extort economic resources in a manipulative dynamic. There are two notable features: on the one hand, the double trauma of losing money and a relationship, on the other, the victim's shame upon discovery of the scam, an aspect that might lead to underestimation of the number of cases.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This paper presents a scoping review of the quantitative and qualitative evidence on this issue, focusing on epidemiological aspects, relational dynamics, and the psychological characteristics of victims and scammers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A literature scoping review was conducted using electronic databases and descriptors. Studies were included if they had analyzed the phenomenon in any population or the relationship dynamics characterizing it through whatsoever typology of design. Scoping reviews are a form of knowledge synthesis, which incorporates a range of study designs and wide eligibility criteria to comprehensively summarize evidence with the aim of informing practice, programs, and policy and providing direction to future research priorities.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twelve studies were included. Sixty-three percent of social media users and 3% of the general population report having been a victim at least once. Some psychological variables appear to be associated with the risk of being scammed, such as female gender, middle-age, higher levels of neuroticism, tendencies to the romantic idealization of affective relations, sensation seeking, impulsiveness and susceptibility to addiction. We analyse literature limitations and future directions.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Since this emerging phenomenon is still largely unrecognized, understanding the psychological characteristics of victims and scammers will allow at-risk personality profiles to be identified and prevention/intervention strategies to be developed.</p>","PeriodicalId":35447,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Practice and Epidemiology in Mental Health","volume":"16 ","pages":"24-35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/8b/70/CPEMH-16-24.PMC7254823.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38022657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and Correlates of Mental Health Status Among Pre-Hospital Healthcare Staff.","authors":"Sedigheh Abbaspour,&nbsp;Reza Tajik,&nbsp;Khaula Atif,&nbsp;Hossein Eshghi,&nbsp;Gholamheidar Teimori,&nbsp;Abbas Ghodrati-Torbati,&nbsp;Anahita Zandi","doi":"10.2174/1745017902016010017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1745017902016010017","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Mental stress amongst pre-hospital Emergency Medical Services (EMS) workers is an iceberg phenomenon; owing to unique occupational stressors faced by them. This study was aimed to examine the mental health status of pre-hospital EMS workers and its correlation with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and Work Environment Scale (WES).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study incorporated 224 emergency EMS members from urban and road EMS bases in eastern Iran in 2018. General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28), Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist-Civilian version (PTSD-C), and Work Environment Scale (WES) were used as research instruments. Data were analyzed via SPSS Statistics software (version 21); while p<0.05 was considered significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean age of participants was 31.91±6.9 years; 36(16.1%) had PTSD ≥50, which increased with age (p-0.01), number of offspring (p-0.022) and time working at the EMS (p-0.002). Mean WES scores were 73.41±12.27; with a significant impact of marital status (p-0.007), the number of offspring (p-0.023), qualification (p-0.019) and less time working at the EMS (p-0.008). Mental distress was recorded in 89(39.7%) individuals. Multivariate logistic regression revealed that members at higher risk of mental distress were; those with associate's degree (adjusted OR 3.192; 95% CI, 1.456-6.998), individuals with 1 or 2 offspring (adjusted OR 2.03; 95% CI, 0.992-4.156; adjusted OR 3.380; 95% CI, 1.483-7.704, respectively), and those with PTSD equal or higher than 50 (adjusted OR 2.504; 95% CI, 1.063-5.903), with a reverse impact of WES (p>0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>PTSD adversely affected mental health and clinical performance of the subjects; while work-place environment augmented working spirit as well as psychological resilience. Strategies aiming at stress-dilution and improvements in a professional environment cannot be over-emphasized.</p>","PeriodicalId":35447,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Practice and Epidemiology in Mental Health","volume":"16 ","pages":"17-23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/72/f3/CPEMH-16-17.PMC7254819.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38022656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early Detection of Behavioral and Emotional Problems in School-Aged Children and Adolescents: The Parent Questionnaires.","authors":"Carlo Cianchetti","doi":"10.2174/1745017902016010007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1745017902016010007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Early detection of behavioral and emotional problems in children and adolescents is relevant. For this purpose, the use of questionnaires completed by parents is applicable. Parent questionnaires are also useful preliminary support to the clinical investigation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Validated tools for the analysis of behavioral and emotional problems suitable for school-age subjects are analyzed in their characteristics and possibilities of use.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The following are the main characteristics of the instruments examined. The Child and Adolescent Symptom Inventory 4&5, Parent Checklist (CASI-4&5) and Behavior Assessment System For Children - Parent Rating Scales 2&3 (BASC-2&3) include a high number of questions, with exploration extended to almost all possible pathologies.The Child Behavior Check-List (CBCL) has less items (113), but only 48 refer to DSM pathologies. The use of CASI, BASC and CBCL carries a cost because they are copyrighted.The Pediatric Symptom Checklist (PSC) has 35 items, but only 17 have a reference to 3 clinical areas. The Strength & Difficulties Questionnaire (SDA) is very short (25 items) and concerns only the main externalizing and internalizing disorders. The Child and Adolescent Behavior Inventory (CABI) has 75 items and explores a wide range of psycho-pathological issues, likewise CASI and BASC. PSC, SDA and CABI can be used free of charge.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The comparison of the characteristics of the aforementioned questionnaires can guide the psychiatrist and the epidemiologist in choosing the most suitable tool for what is proposed to be assessed, in relation to practicability, extension of the areas explored and costs.</p>","PeriodicalId":35447,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Practice and Epidemiology in Mental Health","volume":"16 ","pages":"7-16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/c0/b3/CPEMH-16-7.PMC7254825.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38022655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exergames for Children and Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder: An Overview.","authors":"João L Lima,&nbsp;Glaciane Axt,&nbsp;Diogo S Teixeira,&nbsp;Diogo Monteiro,&nbsp;Luis Cid,&nbsp;Tetsuya Yamamoto,&nbsp;Eric Murillo-Rodriguez,&nbsp;Sergio Machado","doi":"10.2174/1745017902016010001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1745017902016010001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder associated with various etiologies and characterized by deficits in social interaction, emotional reciprocity, communication, motor skills and cognitive functions. Studies have proposed that limited levels of physical activity and late motor skills and fitness, particularly in children and adolescents with ASD, may accentuate social and emotional deficits. In view of this, exergames, which are active video-games, can be considered a low-cost and safe type of exercise for children and adolescents with ASD, since they are more enjoyable than ordinary physical activities, influencing on treatment adherence. Thus, our study aims to evidence the effects of exergames on physical fitness, cognitive functions, and repetitive behaviors in children and adolescents with ASD. Despite the small number of studies investigating the effects of exergames as new strategy in children and adolescents with ASD, results suggest exergames as potential tool for the treatment of children and adolescents with ASD for improvement in physical fitness, cognitive functions and repetitive behavior. Our review pointed towards the importance of exergames for children and adolescents with ASD. Despite few studies conducted about this issue, we can consider exergames a potential tool to increase physical fitness, cognitive functions and to decrease repetitive behavior in children and adolescents with ASD. Moreover, health professionals should be careful when attempting to help this population, because the current literature is unclear yet about the improvement of ASD features through exergames.</p>","PeriodicalId":35447,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Practice and Epidemiology in Mental Health","volume":"16 ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/e6/ea/CPEMH-16-1.PMC7254818.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38022653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Depression and HIV Disease Progression: A Mini-Review.","authors":"Abdilahi Yousuf,&nbsp;Siti Roshaidai Mohd Arifin,&nbsp;Ramli Musa,&nbsp;Muhammad Lokman Md Isa","doi":"10.2174/1745017901915010153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1745017901915010153","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Depression is the most common mental disorder and a leading cause of disability, which commonly presents unexplained psychological and physical symptoms. Depression and HIV/AIDS are commonly comorbid. This review provides an insight into the effect of depression on disease progression among people living with HIV.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A search for relevant articles was conducted using a database like MEDLINE, Scopus, PsycINFO and CINAHL. Peer-reviewed English journals published between 2015 and 2019 were included in the review.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of eight studies conducted in different settings were included in the review. This review has found that psychosocial, neurohormonal and virologic factors associated with depression affect HIV disease progression. Yet, the chronicity of depression, absence of the hormones that have a buffer effect on depression and lack of examination if depression is a predictor, or an outcome of disease progression, were some of the gaps that require further investigation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Considerably, more research is needed to better understand the effect of mental disorder, especially depression, on HIV disease progression to AIDS and future interventions should, therefore, concentrate on the integration of mental health screening in HIV clinical setup.</p>","PeriodicalId":35447,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Practice and Epidemiology in Mental Health","volume":"15 ","pages":"153-159"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/39/62/CPEMH-15-153.PMC7040472.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37740754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Attachment in Patients with Bipolar and Unipolar Depression: A Comparison with Clinical and Non-clinical Controls.","authors":"Angelo Picardi,&nbsp;Mauro Pallagrosi,&nbsp;Laura Fonzi,&nbsp;Giovanni Martinotti,&nbsp;Emanuele Caroppo,&nbsp;Giulio Nicolò Meldolesi,&nbsp;Giancarlo Di Gennaro,&nbsp;Marco De Risi,&nbsp;Massimo Biondi","doi":"10.2174/1745017901915010143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1745017901915010143","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>A link between depression and insecure attachment has long been postulated. Although many studies examined the relationship between depressive symptoms and attachment, relatively few studies were performed on patients diagnosed with depression. Also, research on patients with bipolar disorder is scarce.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>We aimed at testing the association between attachment insecurity and unipolar and bipolar depression.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We studied 21 patients with bipolar disorder, current episode depressed, and three age- and sex-matched groups, each consisting of 21 individuals: patients with major depressive disorder, recurrent episode; patients with epilepsy; non-clinical participants. The Experience in Close Relationships questionnaire was used to assess adult attachment style.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Patients with both bipolar and unipolar depression displayed significantly higher scores on attachment-related avoidance as compared with patients with epilepsy and non-clinical participants. Also, patients with bipolar depression scored significantly higher on attachment-related anxiety than all other groups. In both psychiatric groups, attachment dimensions were not significantly correlated with global clinical severity or severity of depression.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Despite some study limitations, our results are consistent with some previous studies and provide support to Bowlby's seminal hypothesis that attachment insecurity may predispose to depression. Attachment theory may provide a valuable theoretical framework for future research and for guiding treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":35447,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Practice and Epidemiology in Mental Health","volume":"15 ","pages":"143-152"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/18/3c/CPEMH-15-143.PMC7040468.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37740753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Typology of Social Network Structures and Late-Life Depression in Low- and Middle-Income Countries.","authors":"Akin Ojagbemi,&nbsp;Oye Gureje","doi":"10.2174/1745017901915010134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1745017901915010134","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Rapid social changes and youth migration ensures a continuous drain on the social networks of the elderly in Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs).</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>We reviewed available literature on the relationship between social network structures and depression among community dwelling older persons in LMICs with a view to identifying patterns that might provide information for designing preventive psychosocial interventions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We searched the MEDLINE database through Pubmed, extracted information on the typologies of social network structures in LMICs and identified dimensions with the strongest systematic association with late-life depression, by weight, using the inverse of variance method. All analyses were conducted using the Cochrane review manager version 5.3.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fourteen community-based surveys drawn from 16 LMIC contexts met criteria for syntheses. They included a total of 37,917 mostly female (58.8%) participants with an average age of 73.2 years. Social network size, contact with network, diversity of network, co-residency with own child, having more friends than family in the network, and prestigious standing of persons in the social network were protective structures against late-life depression. Conversely, low network diversity contributed 44.2% of the weight of all social network structures that are predictive of late-life depression.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Recommendations are made for the design of new measures of social network structures in LMICs that captures the key dimensions identified. Epidemiological studies using such tools will provide more precise information for planning and prioritization of scarce resources for the prevention of late-life depression in LMICs.</p>","PeriodicalId":35447,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Practice and Epidemiology in Mental Health","volume":"15 ","pages":"134-142"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/9c/40/CPEMH-15-134.PMC7040469.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37740303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Virtual Reality-Based Exercise with Exergames as Medicine in Different Contexts: A Short Review.","authors":"Marcos Túlio Silva Costa,&nbsp;Lanna Pinheiro Vieira,&nbsp;Elizabete de Oliveira Barbosa,&nbsp;Luciana Mendes Oliveira,&nbsp;Pauline Maillot,&nbsp;César Augusto Otero Vaghetti,&nbsp;Mauro Giovani Carta,&nbsp;Sérgio Machado,&nbsp;Valeska Gatica-Rojas,&nbsp;Renato Sobral Monteiro-Junior","doi":"10.2174/1745017901915010074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1745017901915010074","url":null,"abstract":"There is enough evidence that, nowadays, the sedentary lifestyle is one of the major health problems worldwide, linked to many chronic diseases, including mental comorbidities, systemic hypertension, metabolic dysregulation, and cancer. Although health societies recommend engagement to physical activities, there is an overwhelming number of people remaining sedentary, even knowing the health benefits of regular exercises. One of the main factors that justifies this scenario is the lack of motivation, which is a barrier to people intended to start new habits for health. Considering this previous information, new alternatives for exercises may help people engage in a healthier lifestyle. Technology has contributed to this with devices that allow movements based on virtual reality approaches, including the exergames. These are games available even in commercial devices, as video-games, that allow people to work with different physical components. Furthermore, exergames add cognitive gain through its dual-task characteristic. Moreover, due to the combination of these benefits, they are feasible to acquire, and easy to use. Exergames are not only a potential strategy to reduce sedentary lifestyle but also a good method to improve health gains and rehabilitation in different populations and pathological conditions: older adults, stroke survivors, and Parkinson’s disease. In this review, we aim to demonstrate some conditions that literature supports the intervention with exergames due to its physical and cognitive benefits. Furthermore, at the end of this review, we also explore the neurobiological mechanisms behind virtual-reality based exercises.","PeriodicalId":35447,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Practice and Epidemiology in Mental Health","volume":"15 ","pages":"74"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6935943/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37535461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}